voa.205usisbel,
DATE=4/21/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20266
TITLE=OKLAHOMA AFTERMATH
BYLINE=PAUL FRANCUCH
DATELINE=CHICAGO
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AS RESCUE WORKERS CONTINUE TO CAREFULLY SIFT THROUGH THE
DEBRIS LEFT BEHIND BY THE BOMBING OF A FEDERAL OFFICE BUILDING
WEDNESDAY IN OKLAHOMA CITY, PEOPLE LIVING AND WORKING NEAR THE
SCENE ARE TRYING TO GET THEIR LIVES BACK TO NORMAL. V-O-A'S PAUL
FRANCUCH SURVEYED THE NEIGHBORHOOD THURSDAY AND FOUND SIGNS OF
BOTH DEVASTATION AND TRANQUILITY.
TEXT: POLICE AND NATIONAL GUARD TROOPS HAVE CLOSED THE BOMB SITE
TO EVERYONE BUT EMERGENCY OFFICIALS. YET MANY FROM THIS CITY OF
ONE-HALF-MILLION PEOPLE CAME OUT OF CURIOSITY TO VIEW THE SITE.
PRACTICALLY EVERYONE IN OKLAHOMA CITY HEARD OR FELT THE BLAST
WEDNESDAY. MOST WERE AWE-STRUCK AFTER VIEWING WHAT IS LEFT OF
THE ALFRED MURRAH FEDERAL BUILDING.
CALIFORNIA FIREFIGHTER RICK MARTINEZ LED ONE OF THE RESCUE TEAMS.
HE SAYS HE HAD TO CRAWL THROUGH WHAT REMAINS OF THE BUILDING,
LOOKING FOR SURVIVORS. BUT HE FOUND NONE, AND HE IS NOT
OPTIMISTIC. YET, MR. MARTINEZ CONTINUES THE SEARCH.
/// MARTINEZ ACT ///
WE HAVE FOUND VOIDS WHERE THERE COULD HAVE BEEN PEOPLE,
AND WHEN WE HAVE GOTTEN IN THE VOIDS, THERE HAVE NOT
(BEEN PEOPLE). BUT WE KNOW THERE ARE MORE VOIDS AND WE
ARE CHECKING ALL OF THOSE.
/// END ACT ///
RICK MARTINEZ SAYS HE FEARS HE AND HIS FELLOW WORKERS WILL SUFFER
LINGERING PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS FROM REMOVING VICTIM'S BODIES.
BUT, HE SAYS THEY CANNOT THINK ABOUT THAT NOW. MEANWHILE, THE
RESCUE WORKERS RELY ON THE SUPPORT OF VOLUNTEERS LIKE DEBBIE
MOORE OF THE RED CROSS.
/// MOORE ACT ///
REALLY I GOT THE WORD YESTERDAY (WEDNESDAY) WHEN I WAS
IN MY CAR AND IT HIT, IT BLEW-UP. BUT WE HAVE JUST BEEN
OUT HERE TRYING TO PASS OUT FOOD, GET IT OUT TO WHERE
PEOPLE CAN SEE IT SO THEY CAN GET IT QUICK, AND THEN GET
BACK TO WORK.
/// END ACT ///
SALVATION ARMY OKLAHOMA DIVISION COMMANDER, MAJOR ROBERT TRITTON
(SHORT "I" VOWEL), SAYS HIS VOLUNTEERS AND PERSONNEL HAVE BEEN
HELPING IN THE EMERGENCY RELIEF FROM THE TIME THE TRAGEDY STRUCK.
BUT, MAJOR TRITTON SAYS THE AROUND-THE-CLOCK OPERATION HAS BEEN
TIRING.
/// TRITTON ACT ///
IT IS GOING VERY WELL, UNDER THE CIRCUMSTANCES.
OBVIOUSLY THERE ARE A LOT OF TEARS BEING SHED. A LOT OF
OUR VOLUNTEER WORKERS -- WE HAVE HAD HUNDREDS OF
VOLUNTEER WORKERS -- AS WELL AS SALVATION ARMY
PERSONNEL, THEY HAVE TO TAKE A FEW MINUTES TO GET BY
THEMSELVES, TO JUST RE-GROUP THEMSELVES IN ORDER TO GO
BACK TO WORK.
/// END ACT ///
ALL AROUND THE BOMB SITE IN OKLAHOMA CITY ARE SIGNS OF THE
DESTRUCTIVE POWER OF THE MASSIVE EXPLOSION. ABOUT FOUR BLOCKS
AWAY AT "ALAN'S RESTAURANT," THE PROPRIETOR, NAMED -- TONY -- LED
ME THROUGH HIS GLASS-STREWN KITCHEN.
/// TONY ACT ///
LOOK AT IT, THE BACK OF THE ROOM. WE WERE HERE AT
NINE-THIRTY (THE TIME, SHORTLY AFTER THE BLAST)
YESTERDAY AND IT WAS ALL GLASS, EVERYWHERE.
/// END ACT ///
HE POINTED TO A BEAM THAT SPLIT AND OTHER SIGNS OF DAMAGE.
/// TONY ACT ///
GLASS EVERYWHERE, BUILDING APART HERE, KNOCKED-OUT THE
TWO FRONT DOORS, ALL THE WINDOWS UPSTAIRS. HOWEVER, IT
DID NOT SHAKE ONE PICTURE OFF THE WALL.
/// END ACT ///
THE DINING ROOM WALLS ARE FILLED WITH FRAMED PICTURES, PAINTINGS
AND OTHER DECORATIONS.
/// TONY ACT ///
AND THEY STAYED FINE, EVERY ONE OF THEM.
/// END ACT ///
TONY SAYS HE CANNOT COOK FOOD AT HIS RESTAURANT. THE COOKING GAS
LINE WAS CUT. BUT HE IS STILL SERVING COLD SANDWICHES, DRINKS
AND SALADS AMID THE SHATTERED GLASS -- AND PERFECTLY-PLACED WALL
PICTURES. (SIGNED)
NEB/PCF/TMS/RAE
21-Apr-95 1:02 AM EDT (0502 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.206usisbel,
DATE=4/20/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20261
TITLE=SEARCH FOR SECURITY IN EUROPE
BYLINE=ED WARNER
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION IN EUROPE
(THE OSCE, FORMERLY THE CSCE) IS A SMALL INTERNATIONAL
ORGANIZATION WITH LARGE AMBITIONS. SINCE ITS MEMBERS INCLUDE THE
UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA ALONG WITH EUROPEAN NATIONS, IT HAS THE
ADVANTAGE OF INCLUSIVENESS. BUT LACKING ENFORCEMENT POWERS, IT
MUST SEEK CONSENSUS, AND THAT MEANS OVERRIDING SOME NATIONAL
CONSIDERATIONS -- A FORMIDIBLE TASK. IN AN ADDRESS AT THE
CARNEGIE ENDOWMENT FOR INTERNATIONAL PEACE IN WASHINGTON THIS
WEEK, HUNGARIAN FOREIGN MINISTER LASZLO KOVACS, CURRENT CHAIRMAN
OF THE O-S-C-E, NOTED SOME OF THE PROJECTS AND PROBLEMS OF HIS
ORGANIZATION. VOA'S ED WARNER REPORTS.
TEXT: NEXT WEEK, THE ORGANIZATION FOR SECURITY AND COOPERATION
IN EUROPE IS SCHEDULED TO OPEN AN OFFICE IN CHECHNYA IN AN EFFORT
TO BRING PEACE TO THE REGION. ONLY SIX PEOPLE WILL BE STATIONED
THERE, BUT LASZLO KOVACS, CHAIRMAN OF THE O-S-C-E, SAYS IT'S A
START:
// KOVACS ACTUALITY //
FIRST IT WILL TRY TO PARTICIPATE IN THE TALKS BETWEEN
RUSSIA AND THE CHECHNYAN POPULATION, WHICH IS CERTAINLY
NOT EASY AS THE RUSSIANS OBVIOUSLY DECLINED TO ACCEPT
THE ONLY POLITICAL GROUP IN CHECHNYA; THAT IS, THE
SUPPORTERS OF GENERAL DUDAYEV, WHO HAS GOT LEGITIMATE
SUPPORT FROM THE POPULATION. AND THE RUSSIANS FINALLY
AGREED THAT THE O-S-C-E COULD PARTICIPATE IN THE TALKS,
NOT TO MEDIATE BETWEEN THE CHECHNYANS AND THE RUSSIANS
BECAUSE WE CAREFULLY AVOIDED TO USE THE WORD OF
"MEDIATION" BUT TO USE THE WORD OF "CONTRIBUTION."
// END ACT //
MR. KOVACS TOLD THE AUDIENCE AT CARNEGIE THAT O-S-C-E WILL PUSH
FOR A CEASE-FIRE, THEN OFFER HUMANITARIAN AID AND HELP ARRANGE
FOR FREE ELECTIONS WHICH IT WILL MONITOR. THAT AT LEAST IS THE
PLAN, BUT MR. KOVACS CONCEDED THERE ARE FURTHER OBSTACLES:
// KOVACS ACTUALITY //
ON THE POLITICAL LEVEL, THE RUSSIAN AUTHORITIES ARE
RATHER COOPERATIVE, AND THEY ACCEPTED THE IDEA, THEY
APPROVED THE IDEA TO ESTABLISH A PERMANENT MISSION
THERE, AND PRESIDENT YELTSIN EVEN ISSUED A DECREE WHICH
PROVIDES ALL THE NECESSARY POSSIBILITIES FOR THE
MISSION. BUT IN THE MEANTIME, THE MILITARY ACTIONS ARE
GOING ON, AND WE HAVE THE FEELING THAT THE POLITICAL
LEADERS HAVE GOT VERY, VERY MINOR CONTROL OVER THE
MILITARY AND THE MILITARY ACTIONS.
// END ACT //
OTHER ANALYSTS WOULD ARGUE THAT MOSCOW'S CONTROL IS LARGER THAN
THAT, THOUGH IT MAY NOT WANT TO ADVERTISE THE FACT.
MR. KOVACS WENT ON TO DISCUSS THE O-S-C-E'S ROLE IN TRYING TO END
THE WAR BETWEEN AZERBAIJANIS AND ARMENIANS IN NAGORNO-KARABAKH.
A TENTATIVE CEASE-FIRE IS IN PLACE, BUT HE FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO
ACHIEVE A COMPROMISE. HE ALSO SAID HE DOES NOT EXPECT A
GENEROUS RESPONSE FROM O-S-C-E MEMBERS WHEN HE ASKS FOR FINANCIAL
AID AND MANPOWER FOR A PEACE-KEEPING MISSION.
MR. KOVACS EMPHASIZED THE VITAL IMPORTANCE OF CREATING AN
ARCHITECTURE OF SECURITY IN EUROPE. WITHOUT IT, HE SAID, THE
PROPSEROUS WEST MAY WELL BE HURT BY CRISES IN THE UNSTABLE EAST:
// KOVACS ACTUALITY //
THERE IS NO SECURITY ARCHITECTURE THAT COULD COPE WITH
THESE CHALLENGES. THOSE SECURITY STRUCTURES WHICH EXIST
IN THE WESTERN PART OF THE CONTINENT LIKE NATO OR THE
EUROPEAN UNION WERE ESTABLISHED IN THE PERIOD OF THE
COLD WAR TO DEFEND WESTERN VALUES, THE VALUES OF
PARLIAMENTARY DEMOCRACIES, AND ALSO THE WESTERN
STRATEGIC INTERESTS. AND THEY DID IT PERFECTLY WELL.
BUT THEY ARE NOT ABLE TO MEET THIS NEW SECURITY RISK,
AS THE TRAGIC EVENTS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA OBVIOUSLY
SHOW.
// END ACT //
HUNGARIAN FOREIGN MINISTER LASZLO KOVACS SAID O-S-C-E IS ONE OF
SEVERAL INTERNATIONAL ORGANZATIONS NOW ATTEMPTING TO BRING
SECURITY TO EUROPE. THEY MUST NOT OVERLAP, HE ADDED, BUT
INTERLOCK TO COMBAT THE DISRUPTIVE FORCES OF RADICAL NATIONALISM.
(SIGNED)
NEB/EW/CF
20-Apr-95 1:03 PM EDT (1703 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.207usisbel,
DATE=4/20/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177325
TITLE=SERBIA/SANCTIONS (S ONLY)
BYLINE=ELAINE JOHANSON
DATELINE=UNITED NATIONS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES, GERMANY, BRITAIN AND FRANCE HAVE
REACHED AGREEMENT ON A RESOLUTION FOR THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY
COUNCIL THAT WOULD CONTINUE TO EASE U-N SANCTIONS ON BELGRADE --
BUT UNDER STRICTER CONDITIONS. RUSSIA -- THE FIFTH MEMBER OF THE
SO-CALLED CONTACT GROUP FOR YUGOSLAVIA -- MAY NOT SUPPORT IT WHEN
IT COMES TO A VOTE FRIDAY. V-O-A'S CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON
REPORTS:
TEXT: SANCTIONS WOULD BE SUSPENDED FOR ONLY 75 DAYS, RATHER
THAN THE 100-DAY PERIODS THE COUNCIL AUTHORIZED TWICE BEFORE .
ALSO, AIR SURVEILLANCE WOULD BE ADDED TO THE MONITORING MISSION
ON SERBIA'S BORDERS.
A U-S DIPLOMAT SAYS THE RESOLUTION SHOULD SEND BELGRADE A STRONG
MESSAGE THAT THIS IS NO LONGER BUSINESS AS USUAL.
THE SECURITY COUNCIL IS SPLIT ON WHETHER SERBIA IS DOING ENOUGH
TO KEEP MILITARY SUPPLIES FROM THE BOSNIAN SERBS. THE U-N
REPORTS THAT BELGRADE IS MEETING ITS COMMITMENT. BUT OTHER
OBSERVERS IN THE REGION SAY ARMS ARE STILL GOING THROUGH.
RUSSIA -- SERBIA'S TRADITIONAL ALLY -- WANTS THE SANCTIONS EASED
INDEFINITELY. BUT THE WESTERN ALLIES EXPECT RUSSIA WILL SIMPLY
ABSTAIN ON THE RESOLUTION BECAUSE TO VETO IT WOULD MEAN ALL THE
SANCTIONS WOULD BE REINSTATED.
THE COUNCIL ALLOWED YUGOSLAVIA LAST OCTOBER TO RESUME LIMITED AIR
AND SEA TRAFFIC AND PARTICIPATE IN INTERNATIONAL SPORTING AND
CULTURAL EVENTS.(SIGNED)
NEB/PT
20-Apr-95 7:15 PM EDT (2315 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.208usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=CLOSEUP
NUMBER=4-08284
TITLE=BOSNIAN P-O-W REMEMBERS SERB COMMANDER
BYLINE=PAMELA TAYLOR
TELEPHONE=619-1101
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=PHIL HAYNES
CONTENT= // INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM S-O-D //
INTRO: THE U-N WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE (NETHERLANDS)
HAS NAMED THREE BOSNIAN-SERB LEADERS AS WAR CRIMINALS,
INCLUDING RADOVAN KARADZIC. THE INDICTMENTS WHICH ARE
EXPECTED TO FOLLOW WOULD BE THE FIRST AGAINST HIGH-LEVEL
OFFICIALS SUSPECTED OF WAR CRIMES IN THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA. THE TRIBUNAL MEANWHILE HAS TAKEN CUSTODY OF
A LOWER LEVEL SUSPECT, A BOSNIAN SERB ACCUSED OF
RAPING, TORTURING AND MURDERING MUSLIMS AND CROATS WHEN
HE WAS COMMANDER OF A SERB INTERNMENT CAMP IN
NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA. DUSAN TADIC [DOO-SHAN TAH-DITCH]
IS EXPECTED TO APPEAR BEFORE THE U-N TRIBUNAL IN THE
NEXT FEW DAYS. VOA'S PAMELA TAYLOR TALKED WITH A YOUNG
BOSNIAN MUSLIM, NOW LIVING IN THE UNITED STATES, WHO
REMEMBERS DUSAN TADIC WELL:
TEXT: ALMIN HADZIC [ALL-MEEN HAD-JITCH] WAS 15 YEARS OLD WHEN
SERB FIGHTERS CAME TO HIS HOUSE IN THE NORTHWESTERN
BOSNIAN TOWN OF PRIJEDOR [PREE-YEH-DOOR] IN 1992. HE
WAS TAKEN TO THE NEARBY SERB INTERNMENT CAMP OF
TRNOPOLJE [TURN-OH-POLE-YEH], THE ONE FILMED BY A
BRITISH TELEVISION CREW IN 1992. THE NOW FAMOUS IMAGES
OF SKELETAL PRISONERS BEHIND BARBED WIRE --
UNCOMFORTABLE REMINDERS OF WORLD WAR TWO CONCENTRATION
CAMPS -- SPARKED INTERNATIONAL OUTRAGE. ALMIN REMEMBERS
THE DAY HE FIRST SAW DUSAN TADIC, HIS FORMER KARATE
INSTRUCTOR AT TRNOPOLJE:
TAPE: CUT # 1 HADZIC RUNS [:60]
"I SAW HIM ONCE AT THE CONCENTRATION CAMP WHEN I WAS
THERE. I AM NOT SURE IF HE WAS DRUNK OR NOT BUT HE CAME
TO TRNOPOLJE AND HE WAS LOOKING FOR SOMEONE. HE WANTED
TO KILL HIM BUT HE COULDN'T FIND HIM. [OPT] WHAT
USUALLY HAPPENED, THEY CAME, TOOK SOME GUYS, ASKED SOME
QUESTIONS -- YOU KNOW, LIKE, 'WHERE DID YOU LEAVE YOUR
GUNS?'. YOU KNOW, STUPID QUESTIONS. AND IF YOU DIDN'T
HAVE ANSWERS, THEY BEAT YOU. IF YOU START TO CRY, THEY
START TO SWEAR AND THEY BEAT YOU MORE. SOMETIMES THEY
CAME AND TOOK A GUY AND HE NEVER CAME BACK. [END OPT]
DURING THE NIGHT, THEY CAME AND TOOK THE PEOPLE AWAY;
YOU HEARD LATER, 'BANG!' AND THEY NEVER CAME BACK.
THAT'S HOW I KNOW THEY KILLED THEM. BECAUSE YOU KNOW
DURING THE NIGHT THEY WOULD USUALLY GET DRUNK OR IF THEY
WERE NOT HAPPY WITH WHAT WAS GOING ON AT THE FRONT, IN
ANOTHER PART OF BOSNIA WHERE THEY ARE LOSING. AND IF
THEY ARE NOT HAPPY WITH THAT, THEY WOULD GET ANGRY AND
JUST COME AND KILL PEOPLE."
TEXT: ALMIN SAYS HE HID BEHIND A GROUP OF MEN, FEARING DUSAN
TADIC WOULD RECOGNIZE HIM. HE RECALLED HIS FORMER
KARATE COACH BEFORE THE WAR AS A GOOD ATHLETE AND
INSTRUCTOR, BUT HE ALSO REMEMBERED A CONVERSATION HE
OVERHEARD SEVERAL MONTHS BEFORE THE WAR BROKE OUT:
TAPE: CUT # 2 HADZIC RUNS [:24]
"HE WAS AN EXCELLENT, EXCELLENT ATHLETE. HE WAS THE
BEST KARATE (INSTRUCTOR) IN MY TOWN, IN MY COUNTRY. HE
WAS STRONG; HE WAS A GREAT ATHLETE. THE FIRST TIME I
NOTICED SOMETHING, WAS AT MY KARATE CLUB. THERE WERE A
COUPLE OF MORE SERBS AND THEY WERE TALKING TOGETHER AND
WHEN I REALLY STARTED TO THINK ABOUT HIM (WAS) WHEN HE
SAID, 'YOU KNOW, WE SHOULD DESTROY SARAJEVO'."
TEXT: ALMIN IS OUTRAGED THAT THE TRIBUNAL CANNOT IMPOSE THE
DEATH PENALTY FOR CRIMES SUCH AS THOSE COMMITTED BY
DUSAN TADIC. HE SAYS A U-S ATTORNEY ADVISING THE
TRIBUNAL TOLD HIM THE MOST SEVERE SENTENCE THE TRIBUNAL
COULD IMPOSE WOULD BE LIFE IMPRISONMENT:
TAPE: CUT # 3 HADZIC RUNS [:34]
"I REMEMBER I ASKED THE QUESTION, IF THE DEATH PENALTY
WAS POSSIBLE AND THEY SAID 'NO, THEY WILL ONLY GET LIFE
IMPRISONMENT'. IT'S NOT FAIR. IT'S NOT FAIR. YOU
KNOW, THOSE PEOPLE KILLED SO MANY PEOPLE, THEY DESERVE
THE DEATH PENALTY, THOSE PEOPLE LIKE DUSAN TADIC. I
KNOW THAT MY NEIGHBOR ACROSS THE STREET, HE LOST FOUR
SONS. DO YOU THINK EVEN IF THEY PUT DUSAN TADIC IN JAIL
AND HE'S GOING TO BE HAPPY WITH THAT? NO WAY. I DON'T
THINK HE (TADIC) IS GOING TO WALK ON THE STREETS
ACTUALLY. I'M PRETTY SURE THERE ARE SOME PEOPLE ARE
GOING TO KILL HIM SOMEWHERE ON THE STREET."
TEXT: ALMIN IS ALSO ANGRY THAT CAMP COMMANDERS WHO MAY HAVE
COMMITTED EVEN WORSE CRIMES THAN DUSAN TADIC MAY NEVER
BE BROUGHT TO JUSTICE. HE CITED THE CASE OF THE
COMMANDERS AT THE NEARBY CAMP OF KERETERM, WHICH WAS
LATER CALLED A 'DEATH CAMP' BY MANY BECAUSE THOUSANDS
ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE DIED THERE. ALMIN'S FATHER WAS
TAKEN TO KERETERM BUT MANAGED TO SURVIVE:
TAPE: CUT # 4 HADZIC RUNS [:35]
"THE SERBS, THEY BEAT HIM. HE LOST HIS TEETH; HIS RIBS
ARE IN BAD CONDITION NOW. THEY HAD BASEBALL BATS, THEY
HAD MANY KINDS OF DIFFERENT TOOLS TO BEAT PEOPLE. IT
WAS HORRIBLE. IN THAT SITUATION, YOU THINK THEY'RE JUST
GOING TO COME AND THEY'RE GOING TO KILL YOU. MY MOM,
SHE WAS NOT RAPED, THANK GOD. SHE WAS VERY LUCKY. BUT
TWO OF MY RELATIVES, THEY WERE RAPED AT THE
CONCENTRATION CAMP, VERY BADLY ACTUALLY."
TEXT: ALMIN SAID IT WAS THANKS TO A "GOOD SERB" THAT HIS
FAMILY SURVIVED AND WAS EVENTUALLY REUNITED. HE
RECALLED HOW THIS SERB SAVED HIS FAMILY FROM BEING SHOT
ON THE SPOT THAT DAY IN 1992. SERB SOLDIERS HAD COME TO
THE HOUSE WHERE SEVERAL HADZIC FAMILY MEMBERS HAD
GATHERED THINKING THERE WAS SAFETY IN NUMBERS:
TAPE: CUT # 5 HADZIC RUNS [:48]
"ONE GUY WANTED TO KILL US. THERE WERE LIKE 30 PEOPLE
IN MY HOUSE, MY NEIGHBORS AND MY UNCLE AND ONE OF THE
SOLDIERS CAME AND HE WANTED TO KILL US. WE HAD TO SING
THE SERBIAN ANTHEM AND HE WAS SAYING, 'LOUDER, LOUDER!'
AND WE HAD TO SING LIKE CRAZY PEOPLE. AND THEN MY COACH
SAID, 'NO, NO, NO! GO AHEAD, I'LL TAKE CARE OF THEM.'
BUT HE HAD A MASK AND ACTUALLY I DIDN'T RECOGNIZE HIM.
AND THEN HE TOOK THE MASK FROM HIS FACE AND HE SAID,
'ALMIN, LISTEN, YOU TAKE YOUR FAMILY AND YOUR RELATIVES
AND GO TO THE CONCENTRATION CAMP. THAT'S REALLY THE BEST
WAY TO SAVE YOUR LIFE.' TRNOPOLJE WAS ONE OF THE CAMPS
WHERE YOU HAD A PRETTY GOOD CHANCE OF STAYING ALIVE;
ONLY ABOUT 400 PEOPLE WERE KILLED THERE."
TEXT: ALL IN ALL, ALMIN CONSIDERS THAT HIS WHOLE FAMILY WAS
LUCKY DESPITE THE BRUTAL RAPES OF SEVERAL COUSINS AND
THE FACT THREE UNCLES WERE KILLED ALONG WITH OTHER
RELATIVES AND MANY OF THE NEIGHBORS ON HIS STREET. HE,
LIKE MANY OTHER CAMP SURVIVORS, IS CAREFULLY WATCHING
THE SLOW AND METICULOUS WORK OF THE U-N WAR CRIMES
TRIBUNAL. (SIGNED)
NEB/PAM/PCH
24-Apr-95 3:23 PM EDT (1923 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.209usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20286
TITLE=BOSNIA AID
BYLINE=JENNIFER GLASSE
DATELINE=MOSTARCONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS AND DOZENS OF OTHER GOVERNMENT AND
NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS DELIVER SUPPLIES TO THE REFUGEES IN
THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. THERE ALSO ARE MANY SMALLER, MORE
PERSONAL, EFFORTS TO HELP THE PEOPLE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA
DISPLACED BY THE WAR. JENNIFER GLASSE HAS THIS REPORT AFTER
TRAVELING WITH ONE PRIVATELY FUNDED AID CONVOY FROM ENGLAND TO
BOSNIA.
TEXT: MORE THAN A YEAR AGO, SOME PEOPLE IN THE SMALL TOWN OF
HEREFORD, IN ENGLAND'S WEST MIDLANDS, DECIDED THEY WANTED TO
HELP PEOPLE IN WAR-TORN BOSNIA. THEY LOADED UP A COUPLE OF
TRUCKS AND DROVE NEARLY TWO THOUSAND KILOMETERS TO DELIVER FOOD
AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES THAT THEY AND THEIR FELLOW TOWNSPEOPLE HAD
THEMSELVES PURCHASED OR COLLECTED.
THE AID MISSION MEANT LONG DAYS OF DRIVING ALONG THE SNOWY ROADS
OF AUSTRIA AND THE WINDING COASTLINE OF CROATIA. RICHARD WARR,
WHO WAS ON THAT TRIP, SAYS IT INSPIRED THE CREATION OF AN
ORGANIZATION CALLED HEREFORD HUMANITARIAN AID, WHICH NOW SENDS A
CONVOY OF SUPPLIES TO REFUGEE CAMPS IN CROATIA AND BOSNIA EVERY
TWO MONTHS.
// WARR ACT //
WHEN PEOPLE THINK OF REFUGEES, SOME PEOPLE TEND TO
THINK, WELL THEY'VE ALWAYS BEEN POOR. AND THAT'S SO
UNTRUE IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. THERE'S A COMPLETE
CROSS SECTION OF PEOPLE WHO HAVE LOST EVERYTHING. WE'VE
MET PEOPLE WHO'VE WORKED IN SHOPS, LAWYERS, FACTORY
OWNERS, FARMERS, WHO HAVE LOST EVERYTHING.
// END ACT //
DAVID WATKINS LS THE COORDINATOR OF THE HEREFORD GROUP. HE SAYS
IT HAS NOT BEEN EASY MANAGING THE PAPERWORK TO ENABLE THE
CONVOY AND TONS OF FOOD AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES, TO PASS THROUGH THE
NUMEROUS BORDERS TO REFUGEE CAMPS.
// WATKINS ACT //
WE HIT RESISTANCE FROM THE AUTHORITIES, SOMETIMES, TO
HELPING THE REFUGEES AND THAT IS SOMETHING WE FIND QUITE
DIFFICULT TO UNDERSTAND BECAUSE WE ARE TRYING TO LOOK
PAST ALL THE NATIONAL POLITICS AND THE STRIFE BETWEEN
THE DIFFERENT ETHNIC GROUPS AND WE'RE FOCUSING PURELY ON
THE HUMANITARIAN NEED OF THE INDIVIDUALS.
// END ACT //
RESTRICTIONS ON THE CONVOYS APPEAR TO BE INCREASING. THE
DOCUMENTS REQUIRED FOR THE CONVOY CHANGE WITH EVERY TRIP. IT IS
NOT UNCOMMON TO BE DELAYED AT A BORDER CROSSING FOR HOURS OR
DAYS. AUTHORITIES IN BOTH SLOVENIA AND CROATIA DO NOT WANT THE
AID UNLOADED WITHIN THEIR COUNTRIES BECAUSE, THEY FEEL, IT WOULD
LIKELY END UP ON THE BLACK MARKET.
JENNIFER HICKEY DROVE WITH HEREFORD'S APRIL CONVOY TO MOSTAR IN
BOSNIA. THE WAITING AND BUREAUCRACY, SHE SAYS, WERE THE WORST
PART OF THE TRIP.
// HICKEY ACT //
I AM VERY GLAD I CAME. IF YOU HAD ASKED ME 24 HOURS
AGO, AND I WAS SITTING AT A GODFORSAKEN FRONTIER LINE
WITH NO LOOS (TOILETS) AND NO DRINKS AND NOTHING
AND WE WERE THERE FOR 23 HOURS. I THINK IF SOMEONE HAD
OFFERED ME A LIFT HOME, I THINK I WOULD HAVE TAKEN IT.
BUT I'M GLAD NOBODY OFFERED ME A LIFT HOME AND I'M GLAD
I CAME. IT'S GREAT NOW I'M HERE AND IT WAS WELL WORTH
THE AWFUL HASSLE WE HAD.
// END ACT //
THE HEREFORD AID ORGANIZERS SAY THERE IS A LOT OF BUREAUCRATIC
RED TAPE, AND THAT THEIR PRIVATE CHARITY EFFORT TAKES MUCH OF
THEIR FREE TIME -- EVENINGS, WEEKENDS AND VACATIONS -- TO COLLECT
THE AID AND SET UP THE PERIODIC CONVOYS.
BUT THEY SAY THEY WILL NOT BE DETERRED. INCREASED BUREAUCRACY
MEANS THEY WILL HAVE TO BE ORGANIZED AND BETTER PREPARED TO DEAL
WITH THE DELAYS AS THEY MOVE THEIR TRUCK CONVOYS INTO CROATIA AND
BOSNIA.
THEIR PURPOSE THEY SAY IS TO TAKE AID DIRECTLY TO THE PEOPLE --
TO BE ABLE TO HAND THE FOOD THAT THEY'VE COLLECTED TO THE
REFUGEES IN BOSNIA WHO ARE HUNGRY. (SIGNED)
NEB/JG/MH/CF
24-Apr-95 9:12 AM EDT (1312 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.210usisbel,
DATE=4/22/95
TYPE=MUSIC PROGRAMS FEATURE
NUMBER=3-21675
TITLE=EARTH DAY CONCERT
BYLINE=DOUG LEVINE
TELEPHONE=619-2799
DATELINE=WASHINGTON, D.C.
EDITOR=SD
CONTENT=
(INSERTS AVAILABLE IN MUSIC LIBRARY & AUDIO
SERVICES)
INTRO: IN HONOR OF THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY OF EARTH DAY ON APRIL
22, STARS FROM ROCK, JAZZ, RHYTHM-AND-BLUES AND COUNTRY
MUSIC CAME TO THE NATION'S CAPITAL TO PERFORM AT A
SIX-HOUR CONCERT FOR THE ENVIRONMENT. VOA'S DOUG LEVINE
HAS MORE ON THIS ALL-DAY EVENT WHICH DREW THOUSANDS IN
SUPPORT OF A CLEANER, GREENER EARTH.
TAPE B: (CUT ONE) BOYZ II MEN "YESTERDAY" (P. MCCARTNEY, J.
LENNON) (NORTHERN SONGS LTD., MACLEN MUSIC, INC., BMI)
(IN FULL TO :25 THE FADE UNDER TEXT)
TEXT: BOYZ II (TO) MEN TOOK ADVANTAGE OF THE FREE, OPEN-AIR
EARTH DAY CONCERT TO TRY OUT A SOULFUL TWIST OF THE
BEATLES' CLASSIC "YESTERDAY." THE QUARTET WAS ONE OF
MANY FROM A DIVERSE CONCERT LINEUP TO RALLY BEHIND EARTH
DAY '95. FOR YEARS, WORLD-FAMOUS MUSICIANS HAVE
SUPPORTED HUMANITARIAN CAUSES. IN THE 1980'S THERE WAS
NO NUKES, LIVE AID, AMNESTY INTERNATIONAL, USA FOR
AFRICA AND FARM AID. THESE ALL-STAR BENEFITS RAISED
MILLIONS OF DOLLARS FOR NUCLEAR SAFETY, HUNGER AND FARM
RELIEF. WHILE RAISING MONEY WAS NOT ITS MAIN FOCUS, THE
MESSAGE OF EARTH DAY '95 WAS CLEAR -- SAVE THE PLANET.
CONCERTS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT PRODUCER MICHAEL MARTIN
EXPLAINS WHY SO MANY MUSICIANS TOOK TIME OUT TO
CELEBRATE THIS SPECIAL ANNIVERSARY.
TAPE A: (CUT ONE) MICHAEL MARTIN (:28)
"THESE MUSICIANS THAT ARE PARTICIPATING AND DONATING
THEIR TIME ARE PARTICIPATING BECAUSE THEY BELIEVE IN THE
ISSUE (AND) THEY BELIEVE IN THE CAUSE. THESE WERE
SELECTED BECAUSE IT REPRESENTS A DIVERSITY OF MUSIC (AND
THEY ARE) REPRESENTING A DIVERSITY OF OUR COUNTRY THAT
REALLY NEEDS TO BE AWARE OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES. SO,
THAT'S WHY WE GO FROM URBAN MUSIC TO COUNTRY TO POP.
IT'S ACROSS THE BOARD AND THAT'S WHO'S OUT THERE TODAY.
IT'S ALL OF AMERICA SPEAKING OUT ON BEHALF OF THE
ENVIRONMENT."
TEXT: COUNTRY FAVORITES MARY CHAPIN CARPENTER, SAWYER BOWN,
KATHY MATTEA AND THE MAVERICKS BLENDED IN WITH THE STEADY
STREAM OF JAZZ, ROCK AND RHYTHM-AND-BLUES. MAVERICKS'
BASS PLAYER ROBERT REYNOLDS BELIEVES MUSIC ITSELF CAN SEND
A POWERFUL MESSAGE.
TAPE A: (CUT TWO) ROBERT REYNOLDS (:23)
"IF THERE'S A PUBLIC THAT'S TUNED IN TO A PARTICULAR
TYPE OF MUSIC, IT CREATES A GROUP OF PEOPLE THAT CAN BE
REACHED SOMETIMES VERY SIMPLY, (WITH) JUST SOME SIMPLE
WORDS, A PROJECT OR A CONCERT. WE'VE HAD SOME
(BENEFITS) IN COUNTRY MUSIC, THERE'S BEEN LOTS OF THEM
IN ROCK 'N' ROLL, AND NOW THERE SEEMS TO BE A GROWING
TREND OF BRINGING ALL MUSIC TOGETHER."
TAPE B: (CUT TWO) THE MAVERICKS "ALL THAT HEAVEN WILL ALLOW"
(R. MALO) (TREE PUB. CO, MALO MUSIC INC, BMI) (IN FULL
TO :21 THEN FADE UNDER TEXT)
TEXT: THE JAZZ AND ROCK WORLD HAD A FINE SHOWING OF ARTISTS
REPRESENTING SEVERAL GENERATIONS OF MUSIC -- JAZZ
SAXOPHONISTS BRANFORD MARSALIS AND PAUL WINTER,
FOLK-ROCKERS NATALIE MERCHANT, SHAWN COLVIN AND TOAD THE
WET SPROCKET, AND ROCK SINGERS BRUCE HORNSBY AND KENNY
LOGGINS. A LONGTIME SUPPORTER OF ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES,
LOGGINS BELIEVES AMERICA HAS FALLEN BEHIND OTHER NATIONS
IN CONSERVATION AWARENESS.
TAPE A: (CUT THREE) KENNY LOGGINS (:12)
"'DO WE SAVE THE ENVIRONMENT OR DO WE SAVE THE PEOPLE'
IS A SMOKESCREEN FOR THE POLITICS OF WHAT'S GOING ON
AND I THINK IT WILL ONLY BE A MATTER OF EDUCATION FOR
THE AMERICAN PUBLIC TO CATCH UP WITH THE REST OF THE
WORLD."
TEXT: //OPT// YOUNGER MEMBERS OF THE AUDIENCE WERE FIRST TO
RECOGNIZE THE SOULFUL VOICES OF MAXEE, NICCI (NICKY) AND
MIMI OF THE NEW RHYTHM-AND-BLUES SENSATION BROWNSTONE.
MIMI SAYS THE TRIO WAS THRILLED TO SING AT EARTH DAY'S
25TH BIRTHDAY PARTY.
TAPE A: (CUT FOUR) MIMI (:14)
"IT'S A BIG HONOR FOR US ACTUALLY TO BE INVOLVED IN
THIS. THERE'S SO MANY PEOPLE THAT COME OUT, AND REALLY
GREAT PEOPLE COME OUT AND SUPPORT THE CAUSE.
BASICALLY, WE JUST FEEL PRIVILEGED TO BE ABLE TO COME
OUT AND SHOW OUR SUPPORT FOR THE PRESERVATION OF THE
EARTH." //END OPT//
TEXT: THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY NATIONAL EARTH DAY RALLY AND
CAMPAIGNS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT ALSO FEATURED SPEAKERS FROM
A WIDE VARIETY OF CONSERVATION ORGANIZATIONS, AS WELL AS
EXHIBITS, ECO-FAIRS, TREE PLANTINGS, NATIVE AMERICAN
CEREMONIES AND TRADITIONAL FOLK DANCING. THE EARTH DAY
CONCERT FINALE FEATURED KENNY LOGGINS, MARY CHAPIN
CARPENTER, SHAWN COLVIN, TOAD THE WET SPROCKET, KATHY
MATTEA AND THE DUKE ELLINGTON SCHOOL OF THE ARTS CHOIR
PERFORMING THE KENNY LOGGINS TUNE "CONVICTION OF THE
HEART." (SIGNED)
TAPE B: (CUT THREE) KENNY LOGGINS "CONVICTION OF THE HEART"
(K. LOGGINS, G. THOMAS) (GNOSSOS MUSIC, ALBEDO MUSIC,
ASCAP) (ENDS WITH APPLAUSE AT 5:17)
ACTUALITIES: DOUG LEVINE INTERVIEWS
ALL MATERIAL MUST CREDIT THE 25TH ANNIVERSARY NATIONAL EARTH DAY
RALLY AND CAMPAIGNS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
24-Apr-95 8:28 AM EDT (1228 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.211usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20287
TITLE=CROATIAN REFUGEE CAMP
BYLINE=JENNIFER GLASSE
DATELINE=MOSTAR
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: TENS OF THOUSANDS OF REFUGEES HAVE BEEN CREATED BY THE
CONFLICT IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, HOMES HAVE BEEN DESTROYED AND
ETHNIC TENSIONS MEAN THAT MANY PEOPLE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO
RETURN TO THE VILLAGES THEY FLED WHEN THE WARS BEGAN IN
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. JENNIFER GLASSE MET A REFUGEE FAMILY LIVING
IN ONE OF THE MANY CAMPS THAT HAVE BEEN ESTABLISHED IN THE REGION
AND HEARD WHY LIFE THERE IS SO DIFFICULT.
TEXT: ANNA, HER HUSBAND, AND THREE CHILDREN LEFT THEIR HOME IN
NOVY TRAVNIK MORE THAN TWO YEARS AGO WHEN THE SERBS ATTACKED.
HER FATHER DIED DURING THE ESCAPE. THEY CAME TO POSOUJE, A
CROATION POPULATED AREA OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, WHERE THEY SHARE A
CRAMPED CORNER IN A HIGH SCHOOL GYMNASIUM WITH ANOTHER FAMILY OF
FIVE. SHE SAYS THROUGH A TRANSLATOR THAT SHE HOPES TO GO HOME.
// ANNA ACT //
WE CANNOT FORGET WHERE WE COME FROM BECAUSE IT IS
BEAUTIFUL COUNTRY. HERE IT IS JUST STONE AND WE ARE
NOT USED TO LIVING HERE. EVEN IF WE HAD A HOUSE WE
WOULDN'T WANT TO STAY. HERE AT THE CAMP THE CONDITIONS
ARE VERY BAD. FOR EXAMPLE, MY DAUGHTER GOT A SORE
THROAT BUT THE CAMP DIDN'T HAVE MEDICINE TO TREAT IT. I
HAD TO BUY SOME FROM A DOCTOR.
// END ACT //
ANNA'S HUSBAND MAKES MONEY BY OCCASIONALLY WORKING AS A DAY
LABORER. A FEW DAYS A MONTH HE HELPS LOAD OR UNLOAD TRUCKS AT A
DEPOT FAR FROM THE CAMP. THIS CAMP, MORE THAN 50 KILOMETERS
OUTSIDE OF THE CITY OF MOSTAR, HAS NO PRIVATE RUNNING WATER AND
A CENTRAL KITCHEN WHICH FEEDS THE 270 MAINLY CROATIAN REFUGEES.
THE UNITED NATIONS' REFUGEE AGENCY, U-N-H-C-R, IS THE CAMP'S MAIN
SOURCE OF FOOD. PRIVATE AID CONVOYS ALSO COME TO THE CAMP, BUT
ANNA SAYS THE MEALS SHE AND HER FAMILY GET ARE NOT HEALTHY.
// ANNA ACT //
WELL, I DON'T KNOW WHAT HAPPENS TO ALL THE FOOD OR IF
THEY'RE SENDING ENOUGH, BUT THERE ARE NOT ENOUGH
VITAMINS IN WHAT WE GET. ON SUNDAYS WE GET ONE TIN OF
CANNED MEAT PER PERSON. HALF FOR MORNING AND HALF FOR
THE EVENING.
// END ACT //
ABOUT 50 KILOMETERS AWAY FROM ANNA AND HER FAMILY, IN EAST
MOSTAR, 13-YEAR OLD ADNAN, A MUSLIM, ECHOES THE WEARINESS OF WAR
COMMON TO ANNA AND HER FAMILY AND SO MANY OTHER REFUGEES. ADNAN
AND MOST CHILDREN IN EAST MOSTAR HAVE NOT BEEN TO SCHOOL IN
MONTHS. THE SCHOOL BUILDING WAS DESTROYED IN FIGHTING BETWEEN
THE MUSLIMS AND THE CROATS OVER CONTROL OF THE CITY. EAST
MOSTAR, MAINLY MUSLIM, HAS SUSTAINED MUCH OF THE DAMAGE. THE
LOCAL RADIO STATION HAS OPENED ITS AIRWAVES TO THE CHILDREN,
ALLOWING THEM TO ACT AS REPORTERS FOR THEIR OWN SHOW CALLED
"CHILDREN FIRST." ADNAN SAYS IT IS NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR SCHOOL
BUT HE ENJOYS IT.
// ADNAN ACT //
THIS IS FUN. WE CAN'T GO TO SCHOOL. IT'S WAR. WE
CAN'T GO FAR AWAY. RADIO IS FUN. WE WORK HERE, FIND
WHAT WE CAN FIND -- READING, WRITING, LAUGHING AND
THINGS LIKE THAT.
// END ACT //
ADNAN AND THE OTHER CHILDREN SAY THEY REMEMBER THE BOMBS AND
SHOOTING THAT FOR THE MOST PART ENDED WITH A CEASE-FIRE IN MARCH
OF 1994. DESPITE THE TENTATIVE PEACE, THERE ARE STILL TENSIONS
BETWEEN THE CROATS AND THE MUSLIMS WHO SHARE THE CITY.
MOSTAR IS ESSENTIALLY SEGREGATED. JUST OVER A YEAR AGO, ADNAN
WENT TO WEST MOSTAR TO VISIT HIS GRANDPARENTS. CROATIAN
AUTHORITIES WOULD NOT GIVE HIM A PASS TO RETURN HOME TO HIS
PARENTS AND SISTER, LIVING JUST ON THE OTHER SIDE OF THE RIVER.
IT TOOK MONTHS BEFORE HE COULD RETURN TO THEM. HIS GRANDPARENTS
STAYED BEHIND. DOZENS OF OTHER FAMILIES IN MOSTAR ARE
PERMANENTLY SEPARATED BECAUSE OF PRESSURE AGAINST ALLOWING CROATS
AND MUSLIMS TO LIVE TOGETHER. (SIGNED)
NEB/JG/MH/CF
24-Apr-95 9:24 AM EDT (1324 UTC)
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voa.212usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177485
TITLE=U-S-BOSNIA (L)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES IS CALLING ON THE UNITED NATIONS TO
ENFORCE SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS OPENING SARAJEVO AIRPORT TO
FOREIGN DIPLOMATS. AS RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS FROM THE STATE
DEPARTMENT, THREATENED INDICTMENTS OF BOSNIAN SERB LEADERS AS WAR
CRIMINALS COMPLICATES THE EFFORT.
TEXT: SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER HAS DIRECTED THE U-S
AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS, MADELEINE ALBRIGHT, TO SEEK
UNITED NATIONS ENFORCEMENT OF FREE ACCESS FOR DIPLOMATS TO VISIT
BOSNIA WITHOUT CONDITIONS IMPOSED BY THE BOSNIAN SERBS.
AT THE SAME TIME, STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS SAYS
THE UNITED STATES SUPPORTS THE ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE INTERNATIONAL
WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE THAT IT HAS NAMED THREE BOSNIAN
SERB LEADERS AS SUSPECTED WAR CRIMINALS.
///BURNS ACT///
THE UNITED STATES STRONGLY SUPPORTS VIGOROUS ACTION BY
THE PROSECUTOR AND THE TRIBUNAL TO INVESTIGATE AND
PROSECUTE THOSE RESPONSIBLE FOR GENOCIDE, WAR CRIMES,
AND CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY THAT OCCURRED IN THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA. WE BELIEVE THE TRIBUNAL SHOULD FOLLOW
WHEREVER THE EVIDENCE OF SUCH CRIMES LEADS, REGARDLESS
OF THE POSITION OR THE ETHNIC IDENITY OF THE
PERPETRATORS.
///END ACT///
THE STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN SAYS INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS WILL
STILL TRY TO ARRANGE PEACE WITH BOSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN
KARADZIC UNTIL HE IS FORMALLY CHARGED BY THE TRIBUNAL. HOWEVER,
THE DIFFICULTY OF DOING THAT WAS HIGHLIGHTED FRIDAY AND SATURDAY,
WHEN THE AMERICAN AND GERMAN REPRESENTATIVES ON THE FIVE-NATION
CONTACT GROUP COULD NOT ENTER SARAJEVO BECAUSE THEY REFUSED TO
ACCEPT BOSNIAN SERB CONDITIONS ABOUT WHICH PERSONS THEY COULD
MEET OR HOW LONG THEY COULD STAY.
IN THEIR EFFORT TO ASSERT POWER OVER UNITED NATIONS CONTROLLED
SARAJEVO AIRPORT, THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE DEMANDED THE RIGHT TO
CONTROL CIVILIANS USING THE AIRPORT.
MR. BURNS SAYS THE UNITED STATES WILL TRY TO CONVINCE THE UNITED
NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL TO ENFORCE ITS RESOLUTIONS WITH THE
BOSNIAN SERBS.
///BURNS ACT///
WE'RE NOT PREPARED TO GIVE IN TO BOSNIAN SERB DEMANDS
TO CHANGE THE PROCEDURES AT SARAJEVO AIRPORT. THESE
DEMANDS REPRESENT AN ATTEMPT BY THE SERBS UNILATERALLY
TO REDEFINE THE AIRPORT STATUS AND THEIR ATTEMPT TO
DICTATE THE GROUND RULES FOR THE CONDUCT OF LEGITIMATE
DIPLOMATIC BUSINESS IS A SERIOUS BREACH OF U-N
AGREEMENTS.
///END ACT///
THE UNITED NATIONS HAS EXPRESSED CONCERN THAT THE ACTIVITIES OF
THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL WILL ONLY ENRAGE THE BOSNIAN SERB
LEADERSHIP FURTHER, ENDANGERING RELIEF SHIPMENTS AS THE CURRENT
CEASE-FIRE BREAKS DOWN. AMERICAN OFFICIALS COUNTER THAT THE SERBS
SHOULD NOT BE ALLOWED TO THUMB THEIR NOSES AT (DISREGARD) THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY.
THE BOSNIAN SERBS AND SERBIA HAVE REJECTED THE AUTHORITY OF THE
INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL. THE UNITED STATES IS WARNING
SERBIA THAT ITS CHANCES FOR SEEING AN END TO U-N ECONOMIC
SANCTIONS AGAINST IT MAY DEPEND ON ITS COOPERATION WITH THE WAR
CRIMES TRIBUNAL, AS WELL AS ITS WILLINGNESS TO AGREE TO RECOGNIZE
THE INDEPENDENCE OF BOSNIA AND CROATIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/RP/KK/BG
24-Apr-95 4:32 PM EDT (2032 UTC)
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voa.213usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177489
TITLE=U-S-BOSNIA (S)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES IS ASKING THE UNITED NATIONS TO ENFORCE
SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS REGARDING FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT AT U-N
CONTROLLED SARAJEVO AIRPORT. RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS FROM THE STATE
DEPARTMENT.
TEXT: SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER HAS DIRECTED THE U-S
AMBASSADOR TO THE UNITED NATIONS TO SEEK THE ENFORCEMENT OF U-N
AUTHORITY OVER SARAJEVO AIRPORT AFTER INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS
WERE FORCED TO LEAVE RATHER THAN TO ACCEPT BOSNIAN SERB
CONDITIONS ON THEIR ENTRY. THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE DEMANDED THE
RIGHT TO CONTROL CIVILIAN ACCESS TO THE U-N CONTROLLED AIRPORT
WITH THE IMPLIED THREAT OF A SECURITY RISK IF THEY ARE DEFIED.
STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS SAYS THE UNITED NATIONS
SHOULD ENFORCE SECURITY COUNCIL RESOLUTIONS.
///BURNS ACT///
WE'RE NOT PREPARED TO GIVE IN TO BOSNIAN SERB DEMANDS
TO CHANGE THE PROCEDURES AT SARAJEVO AIRPORT. THESE
DEMANDS REPRESENT AN ATTEMPT BY THE SERBS UNILATERALLY
TO REDEFINE THE AIRPORT STATUS.
///END ACT///
AT THE SAME TIME, THE STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN STRONGLY
SUPPORTS THE ANNOUNCEMENT BY THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE
THAT NAMES THREE BOSNIAN SERB LEADERS AS SUSPECTED WAR CRIMINALS.
MR. BURNS SAYS NEGOTIATIONS WITH RADOVAN KARADZIC WILL BE
CONDUCTED UNTIL HE IS FORMALLY CHARGED. (SIGNED)
NEB/RP/CB/BG
24-Apr-95 4:41 PM EDT (2041 UTC)
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voa.214usisbel,
DATE=4/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177447
TITLE=U-S/BOSNIA (S ONLY)
BYLINE=VICTOR BEATTIE
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY HAS REAFFIRMED HIS
OPPOSITION TO A UNILATERAL U-S LIFTING OF THE INTERNATIONAL ARMS
EMBARGO ON THE MUSLIM-LED GOVERNMENT IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
V-O-A'S VICTOR BEATTIE REPORTS MR. PERRY SAYS DESPITE CONTINUED
FIGHTING THE PRESENT POLICY INCLUDING A LARGE U-N PEACEKEEPING
PRESENCE HAS REDUCED CIVILIAN CASUALTIES IN THE LAST YEARS:
TEXT: SECRETARY PERRY WARNS A LIFTING OF THE EMBARGO WOULD
CREATE A HUMANITARIAN CATASTROPHE RESULTING IN A PULLOUT OF U-N
PEACEKEEPERS. HE SAYS THE BEST ALTERNATIVE IS A STRENGTHENING OF
UNPROFOR FORCES.
WHILE ACKNOWLEDGING THERE IS NO IMMEDIATE END IN SIGHT TO THE WAR
THE PRESENT POLICY HAS REDUCED THE SUFFERING OF BOSNIA'S
CIVILIANS:
/// PERRY ACTUALITY ///
IN 1992 THERE WERE 130-THOUSAND CIVILIAN CASUALTIES IN
THAT WAR. OUR GOAL FROM THE BEGINNING HAS BEEN TO
REDUCE THOSE CIVILIAN CASUALTIES. AND FOR ALL OF THE
FAILURES OF THE PEACE AGREEMENTS WE HAVE BEEN VERY
SUCCESSFUL IN REDUCING THOSE CIVILIAN CASUALTIES. IN
1993 THEY WENT FROM 130-THOUSAND TO 12-THOUSAND. LAST
YEAR IT WAS TWO-THOUSAND-500.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
MR. PERRY SAYS A LIFTING OF THE ARMS EMBARGO MIGHT NOT ONLY LEAD
TO A WIDENING OF THE WAR BUT AMERICANIZE IT AS WELL.
SENATE MAJORITY LEADER AND REPUBLICAN PARTY PRESIDENTIAL HOPEFUL
ROBERT DOLE, LONG A SUPPORTER OF LIFTING THE ARMS EMBARGO, HAS
PROMISED TO BRING THE MATTER UP IN THE SENATE SOON. SENATOR DOLE
SAYS ONCE THE CURRENT CEASE-FIRE EXPIRES APRIL 30TH HE EXPECTS
SUCH BIPARTISAN LEGISLATION TO BE INTRODUCED.
PRESIDENT CLINTON SUPPORTS A UNIVERSAL END TO THE ARMS EMBARGO
ALTHOUGH MEMBERS OF THE INTERNATIONAL BOSNIAN CONTACT GROUP WITH
PEACEKEEPERS IN BOSNIA STRONGLY OPPOSE SUCH A MOVE. (SIGNED)
NEB/VB/LWM
23-Apr-95 8:36 PM EDT (0036 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.215usisbel,
DATE= APRIL 25, 1995
TYPE= EDITORIAL
NUMBER= 0-06345
TITLE= UNITED NATIONS AT 50
CONTENT=THIS IS THE ONLY EDITORIAL BEING RELEASED FOR BROADCAST
APRIL 25, 1995.
ANNCR:
THE VOICE OF AMERICA PRESENTS DIFFERING POINTS OF VIEW ON A WIDE
VARIETY OF ISSUES. NEXT, AN EDITORIAL REFLECTING AMERICAN IDEALS
AND INSTITUTIONS.
VOICE:
TODAY MARKS THE FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF A MILESTONE IN WORLD
HISTORY. ON APRIL 25TH, 1945, REPRESENTATIVES FROM FIFTY NATIONS
MET IN SAN FRANCISCO TO ORGANIZE THE UNITED NATIONS. THE
CONFERENCE DELEGATES HOPED TO FORGE AN EFFECTIVE MEANS OF
PROMOTING PEACE, SECURITY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND INTERNATIONAL
COOPERATION. THEY ALSO HOPED TO REMEDY THE WEAKNESSES OF THE
U-N'S PREDECESSOR ORGANIZATION, THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS.
ORGANIZED IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE FIRST WORLD WAR, THE LEAGUE
OF NATIONS SOUGHT TO PROMOTE PEACE THROUGH DISARMAMENT AND
ARBITRATION OF CONFLICTS BETWEEN NATIONS. THE LEAGUE WAS
COMPROMISED BY THE RIVALRIES OF ITS MEMBERS AND BY THE
ISOLATIONIST POLICY OF THE UNITED STATES. WEARY OF WAR AND THE
BURDEN OF WORLD AFFAIRS, THE AMERICAN PEOPLE OPPOSED U.S.
PARTICIPATION IN THE LEAGUE.
THE WEAKNESS OF THE LEAGUE ENCOURAGED AGGRESSION BY IMPERIAL
JAPAN, NAZI GERMANY, AND FASCIST ITALY, WHICH LED DIRECTLY TO THE
SECOND WORLD WAR. DURING THE WAR, REPRESENTATIVES OF BRITAIN AND
THE COMMONWEALTH NATIONS MET IN LONDON WITH REPRESENTATIVES OF
THE GOVERNMENTS-IN-EXILE OF NINE COUNTRIES OCCUPIED BY NAZI
GERMANY. THEY DRAFTED THE INTER-ALLIED DECLARATION, PLEDGING TO
WORK FOR A PEACEFUL, SECURE, AND FREE POST-WAR WORLD. THESE
PRINCIPLES WERE LATER REAFFIRMED IN A DECLARATION ISSUED JOINTLY
BY THE U.S. AND BRITAIN CALLED THE ATLANTIC CHARTER. ON JANUARY
1ST, 1942, REPRESENTATIVES OF TWENTY-SIX NATIONS SIGNED A
DECLARATION APPROVING THE AIMS OF THE ATLANTIC CHARTER. THIS
DOCUMENT WAS LATER SIGNED BY AN ADDITIONAL TWENTY-ONE COUNTRIES
AND BECAME THE BASIS OF THE U-N CHARTER.
ON JUNE 26TH, 1945, THE FIFTY NATIONS PRESENT AT THE SAN
FRANCISCO CONFERENCE VOTED TO ACCEPT THE CHARTER, WHICH TOOK
EFFECT ON OCTOBER 24TH, 1945. TO UNDERSCORE ITS COMMITMENT TO
THE U-N, THE U.S. AGREED TO BE THE SITE OF ITS PERMANENT
HEADQUARTERS. SIGNING THE CHARTER ON BEHALF OF THE U.S.,
PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN CALLED IT A DECLARATION "OF FAITH THAT WAR
IS NOT INEVITABLE." AND, HE WARNED, "THE WORLD MUST NOW USE IT."
ANNCR:
THAT WAS AN EDITORIAL REFLECTING AMERICAN IDEALS AND
INSTITUTIONS. IF YOU WOULD LIKE TO BE HEARD ON THIS ISSUE,
PLEASE WRITE TO EDITORIALS, VOICE OF AMERICA, WASHINGTON, D-C,
20547, U-S-A. YOU MAY ALSO SEND US A FAX AT (202) 619-1043.
YOUR COMMENTS MAY BE USED ON THE AIR.
24-Apr-95 2:33 PM EDT (1833 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.216usisbel,
B00000000000000
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177457*
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S )
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// ED: RE-ISSUING, ADDS NAME OF THIRD SUSPECT, IN SECOND GRAPH
OF TEXT ///
INTRO: THE INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL HAS NAMED THE
BOSNIAN SERB POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADERS AS SUSPECTS IN ITS
INVESTIGATION OF WAR CRIMES IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. UNITED
NATIONS OFFICIALS FEAR THE SERBS MAY REACT BY COOPERATING EVEN
LESS WITH U-N OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS
FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE ANNOUNCED THAT
BOSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC AND THE SERB ARMY COMMANDER,
GENERAL RATKO MLADIC, ARE BEING INVESTIGATED AS SUSPECTED WAR
CRIMINALS.
THE TRIBUNAL ALSO NAMED A FORMER SERB OFFICIAL, MICO STANISIC.
HOWEVER, THE TRIBUNAL HAS NOT FORMALLY INDICTED THE THREE MEN
AND HAS NOT ISSUED ANY INTERNATIONAL WARRANTS FOR THEIR ARREST.
BUT, UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS IN SARAJEVO SAY THE TRIBUNAL'S
STATEMENT THAT THE THREE MEN ARE SUSPECTED WAR CRIMINALS COULD
SET BACK THE BOSNIAN PEACE PROCESS AND COULD HINDER U-N
HUMANITARIAN OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
U-N OFFICIALS HAD WANTED THE TRIBUNAL TO DELAY ITS STATEMENT
UNTIL THE WARRING FORCES AGREED TO EXTEND THE OFFICIAL CEASEFIRE
IN BOSNIA.
BUT THE SERBS AND THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE SAID FOR WEEKS THAT
THEY WOULD NOT EXTEND THE LARGELY-IGNORED TRUCE WHICH EXPIRES AT
THE END OF THIS MONTH.
THE SERBS AND THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE BOTH SET CONDITIONS FOR
AN EXTENDED CEASEFIRE THAT EACH SIDE HAS ALREADY REJECTED.
(SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH/JWH
24-Apr-95 8:20 AM EDT (1220 UTC)
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voa.217usisbel,
DATE=4/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177457
TITLE= YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE= WAYNE COREY
DATELINE= VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE INTERNATIONAL WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL HAS NAMED THE
BOSNIAN SERB POLITICAL AND MILITARY LEADERS AS SUSPECTS IN ITS
INVESTIGATION OF WAR CRIMES IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. UNITED
NATIONS OFFICIALS FEAR THE SERBS MAY REACT BY COOPERATING EVEN
LESS WITH U-N OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS
FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: THE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNAL IN THE HAGUE ANNOUNCED THAT
BOSNIAN SERB LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC AND THE SERB ARMY COMMANDER,
GENERAL RATKO MLADIC, ARE BEING INVESTIGATED AS SUSPECTED WAR
CRIMINALS.
THE TRIBUNAL HAS NOT FORMALLY INDICTED THE TWO MEN AND HAS NOT
ISSUED ANY INTERNATIONAL WARRANTS FOR THEIR ARREST.
BUT, UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS IN SARAJEVO SAY THE TRIBUNAL'S
STATEMENT THAT THE TWO MEN ARE SUSPECTED WAR CRIMINALS COULD SET
BACK THE BOSNIAN PEACE PROCESS AND COULD HINDER U-N HUMANITARIAN
OPERATIONS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
U-N OFFICIALS HAD WANTED THE TRIBUNAL TO DELAY ITS STATEMENT
UNTIL THE WARRING FORCES AGREED TO EXTEND THE OFFICIAL CEASEFIRE
IN BOSNIA.
BUT THE SERBS AND THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE SAID FOR WEEKS THAT
THEY WOULD NOT EXTEND THE LARGELY-IGNORED TRUCE WHICH EXPIRES AT
THE END OF THIS MONTH.
THE SERBS AND THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE BOTH SET CONDITIONS FOR
AN EXTENDED CEASEFIRE THAT EACH SIDE HAS ALREADY REJECTED.
(SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH
24-Apr-95 7:55 AM EDT (1155 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.218usisbel,
DATE=4/25/95
TYPE=U-S OPINION ROUNDUP
NUMBER=6-08950
TITLE=EARTH DAY 25 YEARS LATER
BYLINE=NAZANIN LAHIJANI/GUTHRIE
TELEPHONE=(MON-TUE) 205-0754 (WED-THUR) 619-0414
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=PHIL HAYNES
CONTENT=
INTRO: AMERICA'S NEWSPAPERS FOCUSED THEIR EDITORIAL SPOTLIGHT
ON THE CONDITION OF THE PLANET IN RECENT DAYS AS THE
25TH ANNIVERSARY OF "EARTH DAY" WAS MARKED THROUGHOUT
THE WORLD (4/22). MANY DAILIES NOTED THAT FEWER PEOPLE
SEEM AS CONCERNED ABOUT THE PLANET'S WELL-BEING NOW,
THAN WHEN EARTH DAY WAS FIRST OBSERVED IN THE
ENVIRONMENTALLY-CONSCIOUS ATMOSPHERE OF THE 1970S.
SOME PAPERS CONTEND THE REASON IS THAT THE PUBLIC IS
SATISFIED WITH ITS ACCOMPLISHMENTS TO DATE, AND NO
LONGER FEARS IMMINENT HARM FROM ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGREGATION. OTHERS BELIEVE THIS COMPLACENCY IS DUE TO A
DIVERSION OF INTEREST IN SEEMINGLY MORE PRESSING
CONCERNS, SUCH AS CRIME, JOBS, AND EDUCATION. SOME
PAPERS FEEL PEOPLE ARE SIMPLY TIRED OF PAYING THE
INCREASING COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CLEANUPS. WE GET A
FULL RANGE OF EDITORIAL OPINION ON THE ISSUE NOW FROM
_____________ IN TODAY'S U-S OPINION ROUNDUP.
TEXT: GAYLORD NELSON, AN ENVIRONMENTALLY-CONSCIOUS FORMER
WISCONSIN GOVERNOR AND U-S SENATOR, LAUNCHED EARTH DAY A
QUARTER-CENTURY AGO AS AN ANNUAL TAKING STOCK
[INVENTORY] OF THE PLANET'S GENERAL HEALTH. FOR SOME,
THE EVENT JUST DOESN'T ELICIT THE EXCITEMENT IT DID IN
ITS EARLIER DAYS, OR EVEN IN ITS RECENT PAST.
"THE CHICAGO TRIBUNE" SAYS THAT SINCE THE PUBLIC'S FEARS
ABOUT VARIOUS ENVIRONMENTAL CATASTROPHES PROPHESIED BY
THE NEWS MEDIA AND OTHERS HAVE FAILED TO MATERIALIZE,
THEY HAVE BECOME SOMEWHAT INURED TO THE MAN-MADE DANGERS
FORMALLY ASSOCIATED WITH EARTH DAY CELEBRATIONS.
VOICE: "IN 1990, THE ENVIRONMENT WAS AT OR NEAR THE TOP OF THE
PUBLIC AGENDA BECAUSE OF SOME DRAMATIC INCIDENTS. THE
SCORCHING SUMMER OF 1988 HAD REVIVED FEARS THAT
INDUSTRIAL EMISSIONS WERE SHROUDING THE PLANET IN A
HEAT-RETAINING BLANKET THAT WOULD TURN THE (U-S) MIDWEST
INTO A DESERT AND SUBMERGE THE COASTAL METROPOLISES IN
THE WATERS OF THE MELTED POLAR ICE CAPS. AND THE
QUIXOTIC, NEAR-COMIC ODYSSEY OF A BARGE FILLED WITH
GARBAGE FROM [NEW YORK CITY] SEEMED TO PROVE THAT THE
COUNTRY'S THROWAWAY MENTALITY WAS FINALLY CATCHING UP
WITH IT. ...BUT THE DISASTERS DID NOT COME. THE GARBAGE
CRISIS TURNED OUT NOT TO BE SUCH A CRISIS AFTER ALL, AND
SCIENTISTS ARE STILL ARGUING OVER WHETHER THE GLOBAL
CLIMATE IS WARMING UP."
TEXT: "THE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR" IN BOSTON OBSERVES A
SIMILAR PATTERN BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL CRISIS AND PUBLIC
INTEREST AND MOUNTING FERVOR:
VOICE: "IN 1970, EARTH DAY WAS A WORLDWIDE WAKE-UP CALL. TWO
EVENTS THE YEAR BEFORE -- THE OIL SPILL OFF OF SANTA
BARBARA, CALIF., AND THE FIRE ON THE POLLUTED CUYAHOGA
RIVER IN OHIO -- BECAME ICONS OF A NATURAL WORLD SORELY
ABUSED. A QUARTER-CENTURY OF PROGRESS HAS LIFTED THAT
DARK MOOD."
TEXT: ACROSS TOWN, "THE BOSTON GLOBE" IS WARNING THAT THE
PRESENT PHILOSOPHY OF CONGRESS TOWARD A SMALLER, LESS
OBTRUSIVE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT, MAY HAVE IMPLICATIONS FOR
THE ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH OF THE NATION AND THE PLANET.
VOICE: "IT IS IRONIC THAT THIS MILESTONE IN THE MARCH TOWARD A
CLEANER, SAFER, MORE SUSTAINABLE PLANET SHOULD BE MARKED
BY SHRILL ATTEMPTS AT UNDOING THE IMPORTANT WORK THAT
HAS BEEN DONE TO ENCOURAGE PARTICIPATION AND ENSURE
FURTHER GAINS."
TEXT: IN CALIFORNIA, "THE LOS ANGELES TIMES" QUOTES PAUL
PORTNEY, OF RESOURCES FOR THE FUTURE, A, PRIVATE,
NON-PROFIT PUBLIC POLICY AGENCY IN WASHINGTON. HE
BLAMES GROWING COSTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRAMS FOR THE
PUBLIC'S INCREASING RESISTANCE TO THE EFFORT,
COMMENTING: "WE ARE PAST THE POINT WHERE THE PUBLIC WILL
UNCRITICALLY ASSUME ANY ADDITIONAL PROGRAMS SHOULD BE
FUNDED." "THE L-A TIMES" GOES ON TO SAY:
VOICE: "THE 25 YEARS HAVE SEEN HUGE IMPROVEMENTS IN AIR AND
WATER, BUT FURTHER PROGRESS NOW BECOMES ENORMOUSLY
COSTLY AND A POLITICAL BACKLASH AGAINST THE GREEN
MOVEMENT THREATENS TO REVERSE YEARS OF HEROIC WORK.
.... IN WASHINGTON, THE NEW CONSERVATIVE G-O-P MAJORITY
ATTEMPTS TO GUT THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT, THE CLEAN
WATER ACT AND THE CLEAN AIR ACT BY IMPOSING IMPOSSIBLE
COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS REQUIREMENTS IN THE NAME OF
PRESERVING LOGGING AND OTHER JOBS."
TEXT: JESSICA MATHEWS, A SENIOR FELLOW AT THE COUNCIL ON
FOREIGN RELATIONS, WRITING IN "THE WASHINGTON POST",
ARGUES THAT A "DECLARATION OF VICTORY IS WAY TOO
PREMATURE" AND -- IN HER WORDS -- AN ECOLOGICALLY
UTOPIAN EARTH IS ONLY FEASIBLE IF POLICIES ARE REVISED
AND AN ACTIVE DRIVE AND DETERMINATION PERSISTS AMONG THE
PEOPLES OF THE WORLD.
VOICE: "IT WILL NOT BE BEYOND OUR REACH TO DEVELOP AN
AGRICULTURE THAT PRODUCES HIGHER YIELDS THAN TODAY'S
BEST WITHOUT CHEMICAL OVERLOAD, SOIL DEGRADATION, WATER
POLLUTION AND GENETIC IMPOVERISHMENT, AND THAT CAN DO SO
NOT JUST IN THE BEST FARMING AREAS BUT IN EVERY
GEOLOGICAL AND CLIMATIC NICHE. ABOVE ALL, ENERGY USE
CAN BE CUT TO A FRACTION OF TODAY'S. ENERGY EFFICIENCY
IS A SOURCE THAT HAS BARELY BEEN TAPPED. BEFORE ANY OF
THIS HAPPENS DOZENS OF POLICIES WILL HAVE TO CHANGE.
GROSS NATIONAL PRODUCT WILL BE REVISED TO INCLUDE
NATURAL RESOURCE CONSUMPTION. PRICES OF PRODUCTS AND
SERVICES WILL REFLECT THEIR ENVIRONMENTAL COSTS."
TEXT: A MORE CONCISE APPRAISAL OF THE SITUATION IS OFFERED BY
U-S TODAY, WHICH PUBLISHED RESULTS OF A GALLUP POLL
TOGETHER WITH THE CABLE NEWS NETWORK AND FOUND:
VOICE: "... ONLY 63-PERCENT OF US CONSIDER OURSELVES
ENVIRONMENTALISTS, DOWN FROM 78 PERCENT IN 1991. MAYBE
AFTER 25 EARTH DAYS, WE'VE COME TO FEEL SECURE, OR TOO
POOR, TO GO FARTHER. BUT THE STAKES REMAIN HIGH. THEY
ARE NOT JUST A FEW ACRES OF WETLAND OR A SQUIGGLY LITTLE
FISH, BUT THE HEALTH OF OUR ECONOMY, OUR FUTURE, OUR
EARTH, OURSELVES."
TEXT: WITH THOSE THOUGHTS FROM "USA TODAY" WE CONCLUDE THIS
U-S OPINION ROUNDUP ON EARTH DAY AND THE WORLD'S
ENVIRONMENTAL PROGRESS -- PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.
NEB/NL/ANG/PCH
25-Apr-95 3:33 PM EDT (1933 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.219usisbel,
DATE=4/25/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177547
TITLE=GINGER ROGERS DIES (L-O)
BYLINE=ALAN SILVERMAN
DATELINE=LOS ANGELES
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: HOLLYWOOD AND MOVIE FANS EVERYWHERE ARE MOURNING THE
DEATH OF GINGER ROGERS. THE SINGER AND ACTRESS DIED OF NATURAL
CAUSES TUESDAY AT HER HOME IN THE CALIFORNIA DESERT RESORT
COMMUNITY OF RANCHO MIRAGE. V-O-A'S ALAN SILVERMAN HAS THIS LOOK
BACK AT HER MORE THAN 60 YEAR STAGE AND SCREEN CAREER.
TEXT:
/// "SHUFFLE OFF TO BUFFALO" MUSIC ///
IN MOVIE MUSICALS FROM THE 1933 FAVORITE "42ND STREET" TO THE
SONG-AND-DANCE FILM CLASSICS WITH FRED ASTAIRE, BLONDE, SASSY
GINGER ROGERS CAUGHT THE EYE AND WON THE HEART OF FANS WORLDWIDE.
THIRTY YEARS AGO, WHEN ROGERS RETURNED TO WHERE HER ACTING CAREER
BEGAN -- THE BROADWAY STAGE -- SHE SAID THE APPLAUSE ON OPENING
NIGHT WAS HER GREATEST JOY.
/// ROGERS ACTUALITY ///
IT WAS VERY MUCH LIKE HAVING A DREAM WHEN.. YOU ARE
FLOATING UP IN BLUE AND PINK CLOUDS . YOU'RE ON
MARSHMALLOWS AND SUGAR CANDY AND PERFUME AND EVERYTHING
THAT'S LOVELY AND YOU ENJOY.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
BORN VIRGINIA KATHERINE MCMATH IN 1911 AT INDEPENDENCE, MISSOURI
(PRESIDENT HARRY TRUMAN'S HOME TOWN), SHE GREW UP IN TEXAS WHERE
HER THEATER CRITIC MOTHER BROUGHT LITTLE "GINGER" TO THE
ATTENTION OF TOURING VAUDEVILLE STARS. SHE WAS N-O-T YET 20 WHEN
SHE MADE HER BROADWAY DEBUT. AFTER STAGE SUCCESS, HOLLYWOOD CAME
CALLING. IN A SCREEN CAREER THAT BEGAN IN 1930, GINGER ROGERS
MADE MORE THAN 70 FILMS AND WAS ALREADY A STAR WHEN R-K-O
PICTURES TEAMED HER WITH DEBONAIR ASTAIRE. IT WAS SAID "HE GAVE
HER CLASS; SHE GAVE HIM SEX APPEAL."
/// "SHALL WE DANCE" ACTUALITY ///
ROGERS: "I DON'T KNOW WHAT TO DO."
ASTAIRE: "I DON'T EITHER." [AYE'-THER]
ROGERS: "THE WORD IS E I T H E R." [EE'-THER]
/// OPT ///
ASTAIRE: "ALL RIGHT. THE WORD IS EITHER. NO USE
SQUABBLING. THAT WILL GET NEITHER [NYE'-THER] OF US
ANYPLACE."
ROGERS: "THE WORD IS N E I T H E R." [NEE'-THER]
/// END ACTUALITY ///
/// OPT ///
/// MILLER ACTUALITY ///
THERE WILL NEVER BE ANOTHER GINGER ROGERS AND THERE WILL
NEVER BE ANOTHER FRED ASTAIRE.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
/// END OPT ///
LONGTIME FRIEND AND FELLOW PERFORMER ANN MILLER SAYS THE PAIR
WORKED HARD TO ENTERTAIN A GENERATION OF MOVIE-GOERS.
/// MILLER ACTUALITY ///
SHE WAS SOPHISTICATED WITHOUT BEING JADED. SHE HAD A
SWEETNESS ABOUT HER .. A CHARM ABOUT HER .. AND WHEN SHE
WORKED WITH FRED ASTAIRE, THEY WERE JUST LIKE COFFEE AND
CREAM TOGETHER.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
/// OPT ///
ROGERS OCCASIONALLY COMPLAINED ABOUT ALL THE ATTENTION FOCUSED ON
HER CO-STAR; SHE DIDN'T MIND AT ALL WHEN A POLITICIAN QUIPPED
THAT GINGER ROGERS DID THE SAME DANCE STEPS AS FRED ASTAIRE; BUT
SHE DID THEM BACKWARDS, WEARING HIGH HEELS.
/// END OPT ///
ANN MILLER SAYS SHE GOT HER FIRST MAJOR FILM ROLE .. IN THE 1937
MUSICAL "STAGE DOOR" .. THANKS TO HER FRIEND WHO WANTED TO BE
RECOGNIZED FOR HER MORE THAN JUST HER DANCING:
/// MILLER ACTUALITY ///
SHE WAS ONE GOOD ACTRESS .. BUT NOBODY EVER GAVE HER
CREDIT FOR ACTING BECAUSE HER DANCING WITH FRED
(ASTAIRE) OVERSHADOWED EVERYTHING. BUT WHEN SHE WON AN
ACADEMY AWARD, I THINK THAT PROVED IT.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
ROGERS WON THE BEST ACTRESS OSCAR FOR HER 1940 STARRING ROLE AS
ACCUSED MURDERER "KITTY FOYLE." A KENNEDY CENTER HONOREE IN
1992, MS. ROGERS WAS FORCED BY ILL HEALTH TO USE A WHEELCHAIR,
BUT SHE CONTINUED TO DELIGHT FANS WITH PERSONAL APPEARANCES; ONE
OF HER LAST CAME AT A LONDON TRIBUTE LAST DECEMBER.
A HAPPY HOME SEEMED TO ELUDE GINGER ROGERS. SHE MARRIED AND
DIVORCED FIVE TIMES AND HAD NO CHILDREN, BUT SHE SAID HER LIFE
WAS BLESSED IN SO MANY OTHER WAYS BY THE "UNBOUNDED APPRECIATION
AND LOYALTY" OF HER MANY FANS.(SIGNED)
NEB/PT
NEB / AS / BD
25-Apr-95 5:05 PM EDT (2105 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.220usisbel,
DATE=4/25/95
TYPE=COMPUTER SERIES 95-367
NUMBER=3-21691
TITLE=SOFTWARE FOR CONSERVATION (S)
BYLINE=DAN NOBLE
TELEPHONE=619-1014
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=SWANEY
CONTENT=
(INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM AUDIO SERVICES)
INTRO: A MAJOR AMERICAN SOFTWARE MANUFACTURER HAS MADE A
HIGH-TECH CONTRIBUTION DESIGNED TO HELP WORLDWIDE
CONSERVATION EFFORTS. ________________________ HAS
DETAILS.
TEXT: A WORLD WILDLIFE FUND SCIENTIST, STUDYING BELUGA WHALES
IN THE ST. LAWRENCE RIVER, IN NORTH AMERICA, WILL NOW BE
ABLE TO TRANSMIT FINDINGS, ALMOST SIMULTANEOUSLY, TO
COLLEAGUES IN MANY DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. A DONATION,
MADE BY NOVELL, A UTAH-BASED COMPANY -- AND ANNOUNCED AT
A RECENT CEREMONY (FYI - APRIL 21) -- WILL ENABLE
RESEARCHERS TO SEND ELECTRONIC MAIL BETWEEN THE FUND'S
WORLDWIDE OFFICES. KATHRYN FULLER IS THE FUND'S
PRESIDENT:
TAPE: CUT ONE -- KATHRYN FULLER (0:19)
"WE WILL BE ABLE TO COMMUNICATE FROM THE FOREST IN PAPUA
NEW GUINEA, TO THE FORESTS OF BRAZIL, TO ABOUT
40-DIFFERENT WWF OFFICES AROUND THE WORLD, WITH ACCESS
TO ONLINE INFORMATION, WITH A TERRIFIC NEW E-MAIL
SYSTEM. WE REALLY COULDN'T BE MORE PLEASED."
SEGUES TO:
TAPE: RICHARD CARLSON (0:04)
"IT IS REALLY NOVELL'S HONOR TO HAVE THIS OPPORTUNITY TO
WORK WITH THE WORLD WILDLIFE FUND."
TEXT: NOVELL EXECUTIVE RICHARD CARLSON SAYS THAT HIS COMPANY
MADE THE DONATION -- VALUED AT $250,000 -- BECAUSE IT'S
IMPORTANT THAT HIGH-TECH PRODUCTS BE MADE AVAILABLE TO
NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS.
TAPE: CUT TWO -- RICHARD CARLSON (0:11)
"AS AN INTERNATIONAL COMPANY, NOVELL HAS A
RESPONSIBILITY TO ALSO BE A RESPONSIBLE LEADER IN THE
WORLD COMMUNITY, THE GLOBAL COMMUNITY, AND WE KNOW THAT
THAT GLOBAL COMMUNITY IS SHRINKING."
TEXT: ...NOW, THOSE WORKING TO ENSURE THE PRESERVATION OF
ENDANGERED SPECIES WILL HAVE A WAY TO COMMUNICATE FAST
AND EFFICIENTLY. WORLD WILDLIFE OFFICIALS BELIEVE THAT
NOVELL'S CONTRIBUTION WILL PROVE TO BE AN INVALUABLE
TOOL IN THEIR WORLDWIDE EFFORT.
25-Apr-95 4:13 PM EDT (2013 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.221usisbel,
DATE=4/25/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177519
TITLE= U-N/BOSNIA (L ONLY)
BYLINE= DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE= GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A U-N INVESTIGATOR SAYS BOSNIAN SERB FORCES HAVE NEARLY
COMPLETED A CAMPAIGN TO EXPEL ALL MUSLIMS AND CROATS FROM THE
NORTHERN PART OF THE COUNTRY. FORMER POLISH PRIME MINISTER
TADEUSZ MAZOWIECKI HAS SUBMITTED THE 12TH IN A SERIES OF REPORTS
ON THE PHENOMENON KNOWN AS ETHNIC CLEANSING IN BOSNIA. WE HAVE
DETAILS FROM DOUGLAS ROBERTS IN GENEVA.
TEXT: BEFORE THE WAR BEGAN THREE YEARS AGO, THERE WERE MORE THAN
HALF A MILLION MUSLIMS AND CROATS IN NORTHERN BOSNIA. MR.
MAZOWIECKI CONCLUDES THAT FEWER THAN 70-THOUSAND ARE LEFT.
IN HIS LATEST REPORT, THE U-N INVESTIGATOR SAYS NON-SERBS IN
NORTHERN BOSNIA HAVE BEEN SUBJECTED TO RELENTLESS TERROR AND
DISCRIMINATION. AND IT NOW APPEARS, HE ADDS, THAT VIRTUALLY
NONE WISHES TO REMAIN IN THE REGION.
HE SAYS MORE THAN THREE THOUSAND REFUGEES CROSSED THE NORTHERN
BORDER INTO CROATIA DURING THE FIRST THREE MONTHS OF THIS YEAR.
HUNDREDS OF OTHERS FLED OR WERE EXPELLED TO OTHER PARTS OF BOSNIA
CONTROLLED BY GOVERNMENT FORCES.
MR. MAZOWIECKI SAYS SERB PARAMILITARY GANGS HAVE BEEN ATTACKING
AND HARASSING MUSLIMS AND CROATS THROUGHOUT THE REGION. HE SAYS
THE OBJECTIVE APPEARS TO BE TO CONTINUE THE ETHNIC CLEANSING
CAMPAIGN WITHOUT DIRECTLY IMPLICATING THE BOSNIAN SERB
LEADERSHIP. BUT, HE ADDS, THERE IS A LARGE AMOUNT OF EVIDENCE
SUGGESTING THAT SERB LEADERS ARE DIRECTLY AND PERSONALLY
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MASSIVE HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSE IN THE AREA. HE
SAYS THE SERB LEADERSHIP HAS FAILED TO TAKE EVEN MINIMAL STEPS TO
CURTAIL THE ABUSE.
THE U-N INVESTIGATOR SAYS MANY MUSLIMS AND CROATS IN NORTHERN
BOSNIA REMAIN HIDDEN IN THEIR HOMES FOR WEEKS, EVEN MONTHS AT A
TIME -- NOT DARING TO VENTURE OUTSIDE, WHERE THEY SUBJECT TO
RANDOM BEATINGS AND WHAT HE TERMS ROUTINE HUMILIATIONS.
MR. MAZOWIECKI SAYS TELEPHONE LINES TO NON-SERB HOUSEHOLDS HAVE
BEEN DISCONNECTED, INCREASING THEIR SENSE OF ISOLATION. HE SAYS
MUSLIMS AND CROATS LIVING AROUND THE TOWN OF BANJA LUKA HAVE BEEN
ORDERED TO LEAVE THE FRONT DOORS OF THEIR HOMES UNLOCKED AT ALL
TIMES, MAKING THEM EASY PREY FOR THE ROVING BANDS OF SERB
MILITIAMEN.
THE INVESTIGATOR SAYS MOST MUSLIMS AND CROATS HAVE LONG SINCE
BEEN DISMISSED FROM THEIR JOBS. THEIR PENSIONS HAVE BEEN
CANCELLED, AND ACCESS TO MEDICAL CARE IS INCREASINGLY DIFFICULT.
HE SAYS GROWING NUMBERS HAVE BEEN ROUNDED UP FOR WHAT ARE KNOWN
AS FORCED LABOR BRIGADES, FREQUENTLY WORKING ON THE FRONT LINES
OF THE WARZONE, AND SOMETIMES SERVING AS HUMAN SHIELDS FOR SERB
FORCES.
THOSE LEAVING NORTHERN BOSNIA, SAYS MR. MAZOWIECKI, ARE FORCED TO
PAY HUNDREDS OF DOLLARS FOR SPECIAL PERMITS FROM SERB AUTHORITIES
AND ARE OBLIGED TO RELINQUISH THEIR HOMES AND PROPERTY.
RECENT REPORTS, HE SAYS, INDICATE THAT PERMISSION FROM SERB
MILITARY AUTHORITIES MUST NOW ALSO BE OBTAINED. HE SAYS THE
BOSNIAN SERB LEADERSHIP HAS REPORTEDLY DECIDED TO FORBID ALL
DRAFT AGE CROAT AND MUSLIM MEN FROM LEAVING NORTHERN BOSNIA, IN A
BID TO ENSURE THAT SUFFICIENT NUMBERS REMAIN FOR THE FORCED LABOR
BRIGADES. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
25-Apr-95 10:17 AM EDT (1417 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.222usisbel,
DATE=4/27/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177645
TITLE=U-N / BOSNIA (L ONLY)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS: THIS CAN BE USED THROUGHOUT THE NIGHT, BEFORE CONTACT
GROUP MEETING FRIDAY IN PARIS ///
INTRO: THE IMMINENT EXPIRATION OF THE CEASEFIRE IN BOSNIA IS
PROMPTING A FLURRY OF LAST-MINUTE DIPLOMATIC EFFORTS AIMED AT
PREVENTING A RETURN TO FULL-SCALE WAR. BUT BOTH SERB LEADERS AND
BOSNIA'S MUSLIM-DOMINATED GOVERNMENT ARE REJECTING CALLS TO RENEW
THE TRUCE. AND AS V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS REPORTS FROM GENEVA,
THE DETERIORATING SITUATION IS PROMPTING FRESH CONCERN AMONG U-N
RELIEF AGENCY OFFICIALS.
TEXT: SENIOR OFFICIALS FROM THE BIG POWER CONTACT GROUP ON
BOSNIA MEET FRIDAY IN PARIS, SEEKING WAYS TO SALVAGE THE TRUCE
WHICH IS DUE TO EXPIRE NEXT MONDAY.
BUT DIPLOMATS FROM THE FIVE NATIONS ARE OPENLY ACKNOWLEDGING
THEIR DIFFERENCES OVER THE BOSNIAN CRISIS, AND IT IS FAR FROM
CERTAIN THAT ANY NEW INITIATIVE WILL EMERGE FROM THE PARIS
MEETING.
WHILE THOSE TALKS ARE UNDERWAY, THE FOREIGN MINISTERS OF BOSNIA,
GREECE, AND IRAN WILL BE HOLDING A SEPARATE MEETING IN TEHRAN,
ALSO FOCUSSING ON THE PROSPECTS FOR PEACE IN BOSNIA.
AFTER AN INITIAL ROUND OF TALKS LAST MONTH, THE THREE FOREIGN
MINISTERS AGREED TO WORK TOGETHER FOR A PERMANENT END TO THE
BLOODSHED. BUT NO DETAILS OF THEIR INITIATIVE HAVE EMERGED.
GREECE HAS MAINTAINED CLOSE TIES WITH THE SERBIAN GOVERNMENT, AND
IRAN IS ONE OF THE STRONGEST SUPPORTERS OF THE MUSLIM LEADERSHIP
IN BOSNIA.
IRAN IS ONE OF SEVERAL NATIONS WIDELY SUSPECTED OF SUPPLYING ARMS
TO THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT IN DEFIANCE OF A U-N EMBARGO.
DIPLOMATS AND U-N OFFICIALS SAY THERE IS NO DOUBT THAT THE
BOSNIAN ARMY IS NOW MUCH BETTER EQUIPPED AND TRAINED THAN AT ANY
POINT SINCE THE WAR BEGAN THREE YEARS AGO. AND OVER THE PAST
MONTH, SARAJEVO GOVERNMENT FORCES HAVE LAUNCHED A SERIES OF
GROUND ATTACKS, CAPTURING STRATEGIC HIGH GROUND FROM SERB FORCES
BOTH NORTH AND SOUTH OF THE CAPITAL.
U-N OFFICIALS REPORT CONTINUED FIGHTING IN SEVERAL PARTS OF
BOSNIA. AND THERE ARE FEARS SERB FORCES MAY SOON LAUNCH A MAJOR
COUNTER-OFFENSIVE.
THE ESCALATING WARFARE AND THE CONTINUED REJECTION BY BOTH SIDES
OF APPEALS TO RENEW THE TRUCE ARE PROMPTING FRESH CONCERN AMONG
RELIEF AGENCY OFFICIALS.
THE VITAL HUMANITARIAN AIRLIFT TO SARAJEVO HAS BEEN SUSPENDED FOR
ALMOST THREE WEEKS BECAUSE SERB COMMANDERS ARE REFUSING TO
PROVIDE SECURITY GUARANTEES FOR INCOMING CARGO PLANES. RON
REDMOND, SPOKESMAN FOR THE U-N HIGH COMMISSIONER FOR REFUGEES,
SAYS FOOD SUPPLIES IN THE BESEIGED CAPITAL ARE BEGINNING TO RUN
OUT.
/// REDMOND ACT ///
U-N-H-C-R HAS ABOUT TEN TO TWELVE DAYS OF FOOD LEFT IN
ITS WAREHOUSE IN SARAJEVO. AND WE EXPECT THAT THE
SITUATION WILL GET PROGRESSIVELY WORSE AS LONG AS WE CAN
ONLY GET OVERLAND CONVOYS INTO SARAJEVO. IN THE BEST OF
TIMES, THESE LAND CONVOYS CAN ONLY PROVIDE ABOUT FIFTY
TO SIXTY PERCENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR SARAJEVO.
/// END ACT ///
MR. REDMOND ALSO VOICED ALARM OVER FAST DWINDLING FOOD SUPPLIES
IN THE NORTHWESTERN ENCLAVE OF BIHAC, WHERE ABOUT 150-THOUSAND
MUSLIM CIVILIANS REMAIN UNDER SIEGE BY AN ALLIANCE OF BOSNIAN AND
CROATIAN SERBS AND A REBEL MUSLIM GROUP.
HE SAID U-N-H-C-R IS NOW DISTRIBUTING THE LAST OF ITS FOOD STOCKS
IN BIHAC. AND THE SUPPLY, HE ADDED, WILL LAST ONLY FOR ABOUT A
WEEK. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/SKH/JWH
27-Apr-95 1:31 PM EDT (1731 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.223usisbel,
DATE=4/26/95
TYPE=MAKING DEMOCRACY WORK #607
NUMBER=3-21705
TITLE=THE RIGHT TO OPPOSE THE GOVERNMENT (L)
BYLINE=MARILYN SILVEY
TELEPHONE=619-1173
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=SWANEY
CONTENT=
(TAPE CUTS IN SOUND ON DEMAND)
INTRO: SINCE THE RECENT BOMBING OF A GOVERNMENT BUILDING IN
OKLAHOMA CITY, SOME PEOPLE - BOTH WITHIN AND OUTSIDE THE
UNITED STATES - ARE WONDERING WHY THE U-S GOVERNMENT
ALLOWS SO MUCH CRITICISM OF THE POLITICAL SYSTEM, AND AT
WHAT POINT THE RIGHT TO OPPOSE THE GOVERNMENT ENDS.
MARILYN SILVEY REPORTS THAT THE ANSWERS ARE BASED IN THE
U-S CONSTITUTION.
TAPE: (OPT. CUT ONE :05, FADE UNDER AND OUT BEHIND...
(CROWD PROTEST NOISE END OPT.)
TEXT: VOICING OPPOSITION TO THE GOVERNMENT HAS BEEN ALLOWED
SINCE THE UNITED STATES BEGAN. IN 1789, THE NEW
NATION'S VERY FIRST CONGRESS PROPOSED, AND THE STATES
RATIFIED, TEN AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION TO CLARIFY
CERTAIN INDIVIDUAL AND STATE RIGHTS.
THE FIRST AMENDMENT STATES, "CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW
RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING
THE FREE EXERCISE THEREOF; OR ABRIDGING THE FREEDOM OF
SPEECH, OR OF THE PRESS; OR THE RIGHT OF THE PEOPLE
PEACEABLY TO ASSEMBLE, AND TO PETITION THE GOVERNMENT
FOR A REDRESS OF GRIEVANCES."
THE PRESIDENT OF THE AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION, GEORGE
BUSHNELL (PRON. BUSH-NEL) SAYS THAT "FREE SPEECH" IS
LIBERALLY INTERPRETED FOR BOTH INDIVIDUALS AND
ORGANIZATIONS:
TAPE: CUT TWO -- GEORGE BUSHNELL :44
"FREE SPEECH NOT ONLY MEANS TO (THAT YOU CAN) SAY WHAT
YOU BELIEVE OR WANT TO SAY ABOUT YOUR GOVERNMENT,
WHETHER IT'S IN SUPPORT OF OR IN OPPOSITION TO YOUR
GOVERNMENT, IT ALSO MEANS THAT YOU CAN ACT OUT YOUR
POSITION WITH RESPECT TO GOVERNMENT. I CAN MARCH AND
PROTEST, I CAN CREATE PLACARDS (SIGNS) AND SHOW THOSE
AROUND THE COUNTRY, I CAN BURN GOVERNMENT LEADERS IN
EFFIGY, I CAN EVEN BURN OUR FLAG AS A MATTER OF
POLITICAL PROTEST."
TEXT: BUT MR. BUSHNELL EMPHASIZES THAT THE RIGHT TO CRITICIZE
AND VERBALLY ATTACK THE GOVERNMENT DOES NOT EXTEND TO
ACTS OF VIOLENCE:
TAPE: CUT THREE -- GEORGE BUSHNELL :27 OR :50
"THE LINE THAT IS CROSSED IS WHEN THE EXERCISE OF FREE
SPEECH - THE EXPRESSION GOES - 'INCITES TO RIOT OR
INSURRECTION.' AND WHAT THAT REALLY MEANS IS, WHEN THE
EXERCISE OF FREE SPEECH BRINGS PHYSICAL HARM TO OTHER
PEOPLE. THAT IS PROHIBITED. (OPT. IT'S A LEGITIMATE
LINE TO DRAW (DISTINCTION), BECAUSE SO LONG AS I AM NOT
PHYSICALLY HARMING SOMEONE ELSE, I HAVE AN ABSOLUTE
RIGHT TO SAY WHAT I PLEASE, TO ACT OUT WHAT I BELIEVE.
BUT WHEN I BEGIN TO BRING HARM TO SOMEONE ELSE, THEN
THAT MUST BE PROHIBITED. END OPT.)"
TEXT: SIMILIARLY, IN A TELEVISION INTERVIEW FOLLOWING THE
BOMBING, PRESIDENT CLINTON DREW THE SHARP DISTINCTION
BETWEEN LEGAL PROTESTS - HOWEVER UNORTHODOX - AND
TERRORIST VIOLENCE BY CITIZENS' PARAMILITARY GROUPS:
TAPE: CUT FOUR -- BILL CLINTON :23
"THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO BELIEVE WHATEVER THEY WANT, THEY
HAVE A RIGHT TO SAY WHATEVER THEY WANT, THEY HAVE A
RIGHT TO KEEP AND BEAR ARMS, THEY HAVE A RIGHT TO PUT ON
UNIFORMS AND GO OUT ON THE WEEK-ENDS. THEY DO NOT HAVE
THE RIGHT TO KILL INNOCENT AMERICANS. THEY DO NOT HAVE
THE RIGHT TO VIOLATE THE LAW. AND THEY DO NOT HAVE THE
RIGHT TO TAKE THE POSITION THAT IF SOMEBODY COMES TO
ARREST THEM FOR VIOLATING THE LAW, THEY'RE PERFECTLY
JUSTIFIED IN KILLING THEM. THEY ARE WRONG IN THAT."
TEXT: TWO CENTURIES AGO, A MOVE TO RESTRICT THE FREEDOMS
GUARANTEED BY THE FIRST CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT
OCCURRED ALMOST AS SOON AS THE AMENDMENT WAS PASSED.
THE SECOND PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, JOHN ADAMS,
SIGNED FOUR LAWS PASSED BY CONGRESS REDUCING THE
FREEDOMS OF ALIEN RESIDENTS IN THE COUNTRY AND MAKING IT
ILLEGAL FOR ANYONE TO CONSPIRE - INTERPRETED AS
PUBLISHING OR SPEAKING - AGAINST THE GOVERNMENT.
HOWEVER, THE NATION'S THIRD PRESIDENT, THOMAS JEFFERSON,
WHO BELIEVED STRONGLY IN FREE SPEECH, REPEALED THE LAWS,
AND PARDONED ANYONE WHO HAD BEEN CONVICTED UNDER THEM.
OVER THE YEARS, THE SUPREME COURT HAS MADE OTHER
INTERPRETATIONS OF FREE SPEECH PROTECTION. JOHN
KILLIAN, AN ANALYST WITH THE CONGRESSIONAL RESEARCH
SERVICE, SAYS THE CURRENT INTERPRETATION OF THE FIRST
AMENDMENT IS BASED ON WHAT IS KNOWN AS THE "CLEAR AND
PRESENT DANGER" TEST:
TAPE: CUT FIVE -- JOHN KILLIAN :40
"THAT YOU COULD NOT PUNISH OR PREVENT OR INHIBIT
GOVERNMENTALLY ANY SPEECH -- EVEN THAT SPEECH THAT
ADVOCATED VIOLENCE OR THE OVERTHROW OF THE GOVERNMENT --
UNLESS THERE WAS A 'CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER' THAT THE
SPEECH WOULD BE ACTED ON. SO LONG AS THERE WAS TIME TO
COMBAT THIS SPEECH WITH OTHER SPEECH, THE GOVERNMENT
COULD NOT INTERFERE WITH IT. WHAT THE FIRST AMENDMENT
PROTECTS IS ADVOCACY (OF VIOLENCE) AND VERY STRONG, EVEN
VERY VIOLENT, SPEECH WHICH IS NOT CLOSE TO PRODUCING A
RESULT."
TEXT: MR. KILLIAN POINTS OUT THAT FEDERAL COURTS CAN ALWAYS
CHANGE HOW THE THE FIRST AMENDMENT IS INTERPRETED IF
THEY SEE FIT, AS CAN BODIES OF ELECTED OFFICIALS.
USUALLY, HE SAYS, THE COURTS ARE MORE APT TO RESTRICT
LIBERTIES THAN ARE STATE OR NATIONAL LEGISLATURES.
TAPE: (OPT. CUT SIX -- JOHN KILLIAN :59
"FEDERAL COURTS ARE SUSCEPTIBLE TO CURRENTS FLOWING IN
SOCIETY, AND IF THERE IS A VERY SEVERE FEAR, IF THERE IS
FELT TO BE A VERY STRONG DANGER EMANATING FROM
TERRORISM, THE COURTS MAY VERY WELL WATER DOWN (DILUTE)
DOCTRINE. IT'S BEEN DEMONSTRATED THROUGHOUT OUR HISTORY
THAT THE COURTS ARE VERY STRONG IN PROTECTING CIVIL
LIBERTIES, CIVIL RIGHTS, SPEECH AND THE LIKE, AFTER THE
DANGERS ARE PAST. DURING THE CIVIL WAR, WORLD WAR ONE,
WORLD WAR TWO, DURING THE COMMUNIST EPISODES IN THE
(19)50S, THE COURTS DEFERRED, TO A GREAT DEAL. IT'S A
GREAT DEMONSTRATION THAT IF AMERICANS REALLY BELIEVE IN
CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS, AND BELIEVE IN (FREE) SPEECH,
THAT THE BEST PROTECTION OF THEM LIE IN THE POLITICAL
ARENA. IF YOU RELY TOO MUCH ON THE COURTS, IT'S A VAIN
HOPE MUCH OF THE TIME." END OPT.)
TEXT: IT CAN BE DIFFICULT FOR THE GOVERNMENT AND THE COURTS TO
STRIKE A BALANCE BETWEEN HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE NEEDS OF
LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND BETWEEN ALLOWING FREE SPEECH ABOUT
VIOLENCE AND PROHIBITING SPEECH WHICH LEADS TO VIOLENCE.
BUT LAWYER GEORGE BUSHNELL STRESSES THERE IS ABSOLUTELY
NO RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AMERICANS' FREEDOM TO CRITICIZE
THEIR GOVERNMENT AND THE OKLAHOMA CITY BOMBING:
TAPE: CUT SEVEN -- GEORGE BUSHNELL :28
"IT IS THE RESULT OF DEMENTED AND CRAZY PEOPLE. IT'S
NOT FREE SPEECH THAT CREATED THE EXPLOSION IN OKLAHOMA
CITY ANY MORE THAN IT'S FREE SPEECH THAT CREATED THE
BOMBINGS IN LONDON, OR IN ISRAEL, OR IN THE GAZA STRIP
OR ANYPLACE ELSE. THAT'S NOT FREE SPEECH, THAT'S
CRAZINESS."
TEXT: PRESIDENT CLINTON HAS ASKED CONGRESS FOR STRONGER LAWS
TO COMBAT DOMESTIC TERRORISM, INCLUDING GIVING THE
GOVERNMENT EASIER ACCESS TO TELEPHONE AND CREDIT RECORDS
OF GROUPS THAT AUTHORITIES SUSPECT MAY BE PLANNING
TERRORIST ACTIVITY, AND THAT ARE CONSIDERED TO POSE A
"CLEAR AND PRESENT DANGER" TO THE UNITED STATES.
(SIGNED)
(CLINTON CUT CBS)
27-Apr-95 8:42 AM EDT (1242 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.224usisbel,
DATE=APRIL 28, 1995
TYPE=ON THE LINE
NUMBER=1-00318
TITLE=PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS - SHORT #1
EDITOR=OFFICE OF POLICY - 619-0037
CONTENT= INSERTS AVAILABLE ON SOUND ON DEMAND AND IN AUDIO
SERVICES
THEME: UP, HOLD UNDER AND FADE
ANNCR: ON THE LINE -- A DISCUSSION OF UNITED STATES
POLICIES AND CONTEMPORARY ISSUES.
THIS WEEK, "PROMOTING HUMAN RIGHTS." HERE IS
YOUR HOST, --------.
HOST: HELLO AND WELCOME TO ON THE LINE.
MOST AMERICANS AGREE THAT THE UNITED STATES
SHOULD ENCOURAGE OTHER COUNTRIES TO RESPECT
HUMAN RIGHTS. BUT DEBATE CONTINUES OVER HOW
THIS SHOULD BE DONE. SOME CONTEND THAT THE U.S.
SHOULD CONFINE ITSELF TO OFFERING A DEMOCRATIC
EXAMPLE THAT OTHERS MIGHT FOLLOW. OTHERS ARGUE
FOR A MUCH MORE ACTIVE ROLE THAT LINKS HUMAN
RIGHTS TO TRADE AND OTHER POLICIES.
JOHN SHATTUCK IS ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE
FOR DEMOCRACY, HUMAN RIGHTS AND LABOR. HE SAYS
THE UNITED STATES HAS A GREAT STAKE IN PROMOTING
HUMAN RIGHTS AROUND THE WORLD.
SHATTUCK: "THE UNITED STATES IS COMMITTED TO PROJECTING
ITS INTERESTS AND ITS VALUES THROUGH ITS
POLICIES IN THE AREA OF HUMAN RIGHTS AND THE
PROMOTION OF DEMOCRACY AROUND THE WORLD THROUGH
A VARIETY OF MEANS INCLUDING THE BUILDING OF NEW
INSTITUTIONS. IN THE CASE OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE,
FOR EXAMPLE, WORKING WITH OTHER COUNTRIES TO
CREATE WAR CRIMES TRIBUNALS TO TRY THOSE
RESPONSIBLE FOR HORRENDOUS HUMAN RIGHTS ABUSES
IN RWANDA AND IN BOSNIA, THE CREATION OF NEW
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS LIKE THE U-N HIGH
COMMISSIONER FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. IT'S CLEARLY IN
THE INTERESTS OF WORLD PEACE AND STABILITY AND
THE PROMOTION OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, BUT ALSO
DIRECTLY THE INTERESTS OF THE UNITED STATES TO
HELP COUNTRIES THAT ARE PURSUING A DEMOCRATIC
PATH."
HOST: ALAN TONELSON IS A FELLOW AT THE ECONOMIC
STRATEGY INSITUTE IN WASHINGTON. HE SAYS THAT
PURSUING HUMAN RIGHTS POLICIES FOR THEIR OWN
SAKE IS NOT IN THE U.S. INTEREST.
TONELSON: "THE ONLY REASON TO CONDUCT A FOREIGN POLICY
INITIATIVE OF ANY KIND IS IF IT EITHER IN SOME
CONCRETE WAY MAKES THE UNITED STATES MORE
SECURE; IF IN SOME CONCRETE WAY IT MAKES A MORE
PROSPEROUS COUNTRY; OR IF THE AMERICAN PEOPLE
ARE SO INSISTENT ON THIS THAT THEY IN VERY
UNMISTAKABLE TERMS LET THEIR LEADERS KNOW. AND
IN MY VIEW HUMAN RIGHTS POLICY HAS ALMOST
NOTHING TO DO WITH EITHER AMERICAN SECURITY OR
PROSPERITY EXCEPT WITH ONE IMPORTANT EXCEPTION,
THAT BEING THE FIELD OF LABOR RIGHTS. I THINK
IT'S VERY IMPORTANT TO ENSURE THAT THE AMERICAN
WORK FORCE IS NOT COMPETING WITH WORKERS FROM
OTHER COUNTRIES WHO ARE NOT PERMITTED THE RIGHT
TO ORGANIZE THEMSELVES INTO TRULY FREE AND
INDEPENDENT LABOR UNIONS."
HOST: CONSTANTINE MENGES IS DIRECTOR OF THE PROGRAM ON
TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY AT GEORGE WASHINGTON
UNIVERSITY. HE SAYS THE PROMOTION OF HUMAN
RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY DIRECTLY SERVES AMERICAN
INTERESTS.
MENGES: "THE MORE COUNTRIES BECOME DEMOCRATIC, THE MORE
THEY ARE LIKELY TO BE PEACEFUL AND, OF COURSE,
THAT IS IN THE INTEREST OF THE UNITED STATES AS
WELL AS THE PEOPLES IN THOSE COUNTRIES. THE
MORE HUMAN RIGHTS ARE RESPECTED, THE BETTER
PEOPLE WILL LIVE IN COUNTRIES. AND WE DO HAVE
AN INTEREST IN A WORLD THAT IS A CIVILIZED
PLACE, AND WE DO HAVE A HUMANITARIAN CONCERN FOR
HUMAN BEINGS WHO ARE SUFFERING FROM REPRESSIVE
REGIMES. I BELIEVE THAT THE MOST IMPORTANT
LINKAGE THAT HAS TO BE MADE IS THE LINKAGE
BETWEEN THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF POLITICAL DEMOCRACY
AND THE PROTECTION OF HUMAN RIGHTS BECAUSE IT IS
ONLY DEMOCRATIC REGIMES ULTIMATELY THAT SERVE AS
INSTITUTIONAL GUARANTORS OF HUMAN RIGHTS."
HOST: ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE JOHN SHATTUCK SAYS
THE U.S. WILL CONTINUE TO SUPPORT THE WORLDWIDE
STRUGGLE FOR HUMAN RIGHTS. FOR ON THE LINE,
THIS IS ----------.
ANNCR: YOU'VE BEEN LISTENING TO ON THE LINE -- A
DISCUSSION OF UNITED STATES POLICIES AND
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES. THIS IS ----------.
27-Apr-95 4:30 PM EDT (2030 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.225usisbel,
DATE=4/27/95
TYPE=COMPUTER DIGEST 95-61
NUMBER=3-21713
TITLE=COMDEX, OKLAHOMA, IBM, DIAGNOSIS, NAMEPRO
BYLINE=DAN NOBLE
TELEPHONE=619-1014
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=SWANEY
CONTENT=
INTRO: ON THIS EDITION OF COMPUTER DIGEST:
ATLANTA, GEORGIA, WAS THE SITE FOR THE SPRING COMDEX,
THE WORLD'S LARGEST COMPUTER TRADE SHOW.
THE OKLAHOMA BOMBING IS BEING DISCUSSED IN CYBERSPACE,
IBM IS MAKING A FINANCIAL COMEBACK,
USING COMPUTERS TO MAKE LONG-DISTANCE MEDICAL CALLS,
AND, AN UNUSUAL NEW SOFTWARE PACKAGE.
*****
COMDEX
TEXT: ORGANIZERS SAY THAT APPROXIMATELY 100,000 INDUSTRY
REPRESENTATIVES CAME TO ATLANTA TO SEE THE LATEST
PRODUCTS AND TO LEARN MORE ABOUT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE
FIELD OF HIGH TECHNOLOGY. USA TODAY SAYS THAT
MICROSOFT'S WINDOWS 95, A NEW OPERATING SYSTEM,
"DOMINATED THE SHOW." THE PRODUCT IS EXPECTED TO BE
AVAILABLE SOMETIME THIS SUMMER. THE NEWSPAPER ALSO SAYS
THAT ONE OF THE HIGHLIGHTS AT COMDEX WAS A DEVICE, LESS
THAN EIGHT CENTIMETERS IN LENGTH, THAT WRAPS ALONG THE
INDEX FINGER. THE SO-CALLED CYBERMOUSE MOVES THE CURSOR
ON THE COMPUTER SCREEN DEPENDING ON HOW THE FINGER IS
POSITIONED.
*****
OKLAHOMA
TEXT: THE NEW YORK TIMES REPORTS THAT "ALMOST BEFORE THE BOOM
OF THE EXPLOSION THAT DEVASTATED THE FEDERAL BUILDING
HAD STOPPED REVERBERATING ACROSS DOWNTOWN OKLAHOMA CITY,
CYBERSPACE WAS ALIVE WITH COMMENTARY." THE NEWSPAPER
ADDS THAT THE TRAGEDY "PROVED TO BE AN ILLUSTRATION OF
THE GLOBAL WEB OF COMPUTER NETWORKS AT ITS BEST AND ITS
WORST: SOME PEOPLE ASKED WHAT THEY COULD DO TO HELP AND
REACHED OUT TO SUCCOR (COMFORT) THE VICTIMS, WHILE
OTHERS TRANSMITTED TASTELESS JOKES...." LEONARD CONN,
PRESIDENT OF INTERNET OKLAHOMA, AND MEMBERS OF HIS STAFF
CREATED AN "ELECTRONIC PAGE" OF INFORMATION ABOUT THE
BOMBING. THE NEWS WAS PLACED ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB
SECTION OF THE INTERNET. MR. CONN SAYS THAT "WE FELT AN
OBLIGATION TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION TO THOSE AROUND
THE WORLD LOOKING FOR LOVED ONES AND FRIENDS."
*****
IBM
TEXT: IN PREVIOUS YEARS, IBM, A MAJOR AMERICAN COMPUTER
MANUFACTURER, FACED ECONOMIC PROBLEMS. THOUSANDS OF
WORKERS LOST THEIR JOBS. HOWEVER, AT THIS YEAR'S ANNUAL
MEETING, LOUIS GERSTNER, IBM'S CHAIRMAN, SAYS THAT HIS
COMPANY IS REGAINING MOMENTUM. MR. GERSTNER TOLD THE
WALL STREET JOURNAL THAT HE BELIEVES THAT IN THE PAST,
THE COMPUTER INDUSTRY "HAS CREATED PRODUCTS TOO
COMPLICATED FOR MOST PEOPLE TO USE." HE SAYS THAT
"THERE'S NO SUCH EXCUSE TODAY."
*****
DIAGNOSIS
TEXT: A DEMONSTRATION WAS HELD RECENTLY TO SHOW HOW
PHYSICIANS, LOCATED THOUSANDS OF KILOMETERS APART "CAN
USE VIDEO-CONFERENCING TECHNOLOGY TO DELIVER HEALTH CARE
ANYWHERE IN THE WORLD, EVEN TO PATIENTS' HOMES."
ACCORDING TO COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRIES REPORT -- THE
NEWSPAPER OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRIES
ASSOCIATION, DOCTORS IN CANADA, VENEZUELA AND HAWAII
WERE ELECTRONICALLY LINKED AS THEY DIAGNOSED A PATIENT
IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. A DOCTOR EXAMINED THE
EARDRUM OF A SANTO DOMINGO PATIENT, AND USED AN
EAR-NOSE-THROAT VIDEOSCOPE TO RELAY VIDEO IMAGES TO
MEDICAL SPECIALISTS IN THE OTHER COUNTRIES. THE PATIENT
WAS DIAGNOSED AS HAVING A PERFORATED EARDRUM.
INFORMATION ON THE DISORDER WAS RETRIEVED FROM A
TELEMEDICINE NETWORK CALLED TRAINING EDUCATION APPLIED
TO COMMUNITY HEALTH. THE NETWORK IS PRESENTLY USED TO
TRAIN INTERNS.
*****
NAMEPRO
TEXT: COMPUTER PROGRAMS ARE WRITTEN TO DO ANY NUMBER OF
THINGS. SOME OF THE MORE POPULAR ONES INCLUDE WORD
PROCESSING, ACCOUNTING, AND ENTERTAINMENT. PC MAGAZINE
REPORTS ON AN ENTIRELY DIFFERENT USE. THE MAGAZINE SAYS
THAT NAMEPRO IS SOFTWARE THAT CAN HELP PEOPLE COME UP
FOR NAMES FOR NEW PRODUCTS. IT CONTAINS A DATABASE OF
NEARLY 31,000 NAMES AND PARTS OF NAMES. ONCE A NAME IS
CREATED THE PROGRAM CHECKS "TO SEE WHETHER IT HAS
ALREADY BEEN TRADEMARKED OR SEARCH TO SEE WHETHER THE
NAME MEANS ANYTHING OBSCENE IN ANY OF SEVERAL EUROPEAN
LANGUAGES."
*****
27-Apr-95 4:29 PM EDT (2029 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.226usisbel,
DATE=4/26/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177618
TITLE=CLINTON / TERRORISM (S&L-UPDATE)
BYLINE=DEBORAH TATE
DATELINE=WHITE HOUSE
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: PRESIDENT CLINTON, DETERMINED TO TRY TO PREVENT ANOTHER
CAR-BOMBING LIKE THE ONE THAT OCCURRED IN OKLAHOMA CITY LAST
WEEK, HAS OUTLINE TOUGH NEW MEASURES TO CRACK DOWN ON TERRORISM.
THE PRESIDENT DISCUSSED HIS NEW INITIATIVES WITH A BIPARTISAN
GROUP OF CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS WEDNESDAY, AND MR. CLINTON
APPEARED TO HAVE LAWMAKERS' SUPPORT. V-O-A WHITE HOUSE
CORRESPONDENT DEBORAH TATE REPORTS.
TEXT: AMONG THE NEW PROPOSALS, PRESIDENT CLINTON IS CALLING FOR
THE HIRING OF ONE-THOUSAND NEW LAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL TO
INVESTIGATE, DETER, AND PROSECUTE TERRORIST ACTIVITY.
MR. CLINTON IS ALSO SEEKING TO EASE THE BAN ON USING THE MILITARY
TO INVESTIGATE CRIMES INVOLVING CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS.
THE PRESIDENT SAYS THE NEW MEASURES WILL HELP AUTHORITIES FIGHT
BOTH DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN TERRORISM.
// CLINTON ACTUALITY //
THESE MEASURES WILL STRENGTHEN LAW ENFORCEMENT, AND
SHARPEN THEIR ABILITY TO CRACK DOWN ON TERRORISTS
WHEREVER THEY ARE FROM, BE IT AT HOME OR ABROAD. THIS
WILL ARM THEM WITH NEW INVESTIGATIVE TOOLS, INCREASED
ENFORCEMENT, AND TOUGHER PENALTIES.
// END ACT //
MR. CLINTON DISCUSSED HIS PROPOSALS WITH A GROUP OF BIPARTISAN
CONGRESSIONAL LEADERS AT THE WHITE HOUSE.
FOLLOWING THE MEETING, KEY REPUBLICAN LAWMAKERS PLEDGED TO WORK
WITH THE PRESIDENT ON DRAFTING ANTI-TERRORISM LEGISLATION.
// OPT //
HOUSE SPEAKER NEWT GINGRICH SAYS LAWMAKERS OF BOTH POLITICAL
PARTIES WOULD WORK QUICKLY TO PASS A BILL.
// GINGRICH ACTUALITY //
I THINK YOU WILL SEE AN EFFORT, A VERY SERIOUS EFFORT,
BY REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS, IN BOTH THE HOUSE AND
SENATE TO WORK TOGETHER WITH THE PRESIDENT TO PRODUCE A
BIPARTISAN BILL, IF AT ALL POSSIBLE, AND TO WORK
TOGETHER AND GET IT PASSED BEFORE THE END OF MAY.
// END ACT //
BUT SOME LAWMAKERS, LIKE SENATE REPUBLICAN LEADER BOB DOLE,
EXPRESSED SOME RESERVATIONS ABOUT THE CONSTITUTIONAL IMPLICATIONS
OF EXPANDING LAW ENFORCEMENT POWERS.
// DOLE ACTUALITY //
WE SHOULD MOVE AS QUICKLY AS WE CAN, BUT IN THE PROCESS,
BE CAREFUL ABOUT TRAMPLING ON ANYBODY'S CONSTITUTIONAL
RIGHTS.
// END ACT //
ONE PROPOSAL OF CONCERN TO CIVIL RIGHTS GROUPS WOULD INCREASE THE
ABILITY OF FEDERAL OFFICERS TO CONDUCT COURT-APPROVED ELECTRONIC
SURVEILLANCE.
BUT PRESIDENT CLINTON SAYS HE BELIEVES A BALANCE CAN BE ACHIEVED
IN STRENGTHENING LAW ENFORCEMENT WHILE PROTECTING CIVIL RIGHTS.
AMONG THE PRESIDENT'S OTHER PROPOSALS ARE INCREASING CONTROLS ON
EXPLOSIVE MATERIALS, AND STUDYING HOW TO KEEP FERTILIZERS AND
OTHER WIDELY AVAILABLE CHEMICALS FROM BEING USED TO MAKE BOMBS.
EXPERTS SAY THE OKLAHOMA BOMB WAS MADE WITH FERTILIZER AND FUEL.
MR. CLINTON IS ALSO CALLING FOR INCREASING THE PENALTIES FOR
CRIMES AGAINST CURRENT AND FORMER FEDERAL EMPLOYEES.
// END OPT //
THE PRESIDENT ANNOUNCED THE NEW MEASURES AFTER ATTENDING FUNERAL
SERVICES FOR A SECRET SERVICE AGENT KILLED IN THE OKLAHOMA
BOMBING. THE AGENT, ALAN WHICHEVER, HAD BEEN ASSIGNED TO MR.
CLINTON'S SECURITY DETAIL UNTIL HE WAS TRANSFERRED TO OKLAHOMA
CITY LAST OCTOBER. (SIGNED)
NEB/DAT/BD/LWM
26-Apr-95 8:40 PM EDT (0040 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.227usisbel,
DATE=4/26/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177617
TITLE=CHRISTOPHER / KOZYREV (L)
BYLINE=DAVID GOLLUST
DATELINE=STATE DEPT.
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER AND RUSSIAN
FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREI KOZYREV HAVE HELD A FINAL ROUND OF
PREPARATORY TALKS IN WASHINGTON FOR NEXT MONTH'S SUMMIT MEETING
BETWEEN PRESIDENTS BILL CLINTON AND BORIS YELTSIN IN MOSCOW.
AS V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST REPORTS FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT,
THERE WERE SIGNS OF PROGRESS ON FUTURE SECURITY ARRANGEMENTS IN
EUROPE.
TEXT: MR. CHRISTOPHER SAID NATO EXPANSION AND FUTURE SECURITY
ARRANGEMENTS IN EUROPE DOMINATED THE MORE THAN TWO HOURS OF TALKS
-- AND HE FORECAST PROGRESS IN THAT AREA WHEN THE TWO PRESIDENTS
MEET IN MOSCOW NEXT MONTH.
THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION HAS MADE CLEAR ITS INTENTION TO
PROCEED WITH THE EXPANSION OF NATO TO INCLUDE FORMER WARSAW PACT
COUNTRIES DESPITE RUSSIAN OBJECTIONS. BUT SECRETARY CHRISTOPHER -
APPEARING WITH HIS RUSSIAN COUNTERPART AFTER THEIR MEETING -
STRESSED THAT THE GOAL OF THE PROCESS IS N O T TO ISOLATE RUSSIA
FROM THE REST OF EUROPE.
/// CHRISTOPHER ACTUALITY ///
I WANT TO EMPHASIZE THAT PRESIDENT CLINTON'S DESIRE IN
THIS MATTER IS THE INTEGRATION OF EUROPE, WHICH WOULD
INCLUDE THE INTEGRATION AND ENGAGEMENT OF RUSSIA IN
EUROPE, AND I THINK OUR AIM IS IN THAT DIRECTION. THAT
IS SOMETHING THAT I SAY WILL BE ADDRESSED BY OUR LEADERS
WHEN THEY MEET ON THE NINTH AND TENTH OF MAY IN EUROPE
AND AT THAT TIME I THINK THAT YOU WILL SEE IMPORTANT
PROGRESS MADE ON THIS ISSUE.
/// END ACT ///
MR. CHRISTOPHER DID NOT ELABORATE. BUT U-S OFFICIALS ARE QUOTED
AS SAYING THE ADMINISTRATION IS OFFERING RUSSIA TALKS ON A
SPECIAL SECURITY RELATIONSHIP WITH THE WEST -- INCLUDING A
POSSIBLE RUSSIA/NATO NON-AGGRESSION TREATY OR A NEW CONSULTATIVE
MECHANISM BETWEEN THEM.
MR. CHRISTOPHER SAID HE AND MR. KOZYREV DISCUSSED WAYS OF
EXTENDING AND RE-INVIGORATING THE CEASEFIRE IN BOSNIA, DUE TO
EXPIRE SUNDAY -- AND THE NEED FOR FINDING A GENUINE AND LASTING
POLITICAL SOLUTION TO THE CONFLICT IN CHECHNYA.
THE SECRETARY OF STATE ALSO SAID HE REITERATED U-S CONCERN ABOUT
RUSSIA'S PLANNED NUCLEAR REACTOR SALE TO IRAN -- BUT MR. KOZYREV
INDICATED THERE HAS BEEN NO CHANGE IN MOSCOW'S DETERMINATION TO
GO AHEAD WITH THE BILLION-DOLLAR DEAL.
THE TWO MEN GO TO THE WHITE HOUSE TO REPORT TO PRESIDENT CLINTON
ON THE STATUS OF SUMMIT PREPARATIONS LATER IN THE DAY.
(SIGNED)
NEB / DAG / BD/PT
26-Apr-95 8:14 PM EDT (0014 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.228usisbel,
DATE=4/27/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20325
TITLE=CHILD ABUSE
BYLINE=KIA JOHNSON
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT: (NOT VOICED)
INTRO: A FEDERAL ADVISORY BOARD SAYS AT LEAST TWO-THOUSAND OF
AMERICA'S CHILDREN DIE EACH YEAR AT THE HANDS OF THEIR PARENTS OR
CARETAKERS. AS V-O-A'S KIA JOHNSON REPORTS FROM WASHINGTON,
ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN THE HOME IS A LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH FOR
CHILDREN UP TO AGE FOUR.
TEXT: AFTER A TWO-AND-ONE-HALF YEAR INVESTIGATION OF ABUSE
AGAINST CHILDREN, THE U-S ADVISORY BOARD ON CHILD ABUSE AND
NEGLECT REPORTS MORE VERY YOUNG CHILDREN ARE KILLED BY THEIR
PARENTS THAN FROM FALLS OR CHOKING ON FOOD.
DEANNE TILTON DURFEE, THE BOARD'S CHAIR, LABELS IT A NATIONAL
TRAGEDY, SAYING IT IS A FAR GREATER PROBLEM THAN HAD BEEN
PREVIOUSLY THOUGHT.
// DURFEE ACT//
MOST OF THE DATA THAT HAD BEEN PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED
RANGED UP TO ABOUT 13-HUNDRED CHILDREN DYING FROM FATAL
ABUSE AND NEGLECT EACH YEAR. SO, BASICALLY WE FOUND A
NUMBER ALMOST DOUBLE THAT AT THE HIGHEST LEVELS FROM
PREVIOUS REPORTS THAT HAD BEEN ISSUED.
// END ACT//
THE STUDY FOUND MOST CHILDREN WHO ARE VICTIMS OF CHILD ABUSE DIE
FROM HEAD INJURIES. BASED ON LATEST DATA, NEARLY 142-THOUSAND
CHILDREN ARE SERIOUSLY INJURED AND SOME 18-THOUSAND PERMANENTLY
DISABLED EACH YEAR AS A RESULT OF CHILD ABUSE.
PROGRAMS EXIST TO TEACH PEOPLE HOW TO BE PARENTS, MOST OF THEM
GEARED TOWARD WOMEN. BUT TGHE STUDY INDICATES MOST PHYSICAL ABUSE
FATALITIES ARE CAUSED BY ENRAGED OR EXTREMELY STRESSED MALE
PARENTS OR CARETAKERS.
THE INVESTIGATION ALSO FOUND THAT 85-PERCENT OF THESE FATALITIES
WERE OFTEN WRONGLY IDENTIFIED AS ACCIDENTS OR NATURAL CAUSES.
THE STUDY SAYS THIS IS BECAUSE MANY POLICE OFFICERS, PHYSICIANS
AND CORONERS ARE NOT PROPERLY TRAINED TO IDENTIFY INJURIES AND
SEVERE NEGLECT IN CHILDREN.
MS. DURFEE SAYS THERE IS A NEED FOR MORE PUBLIC AWARENESS AND
EDUCATION AND A BETTER NATIONAL DATA COLLECTION SYSTEM TO
ACCURATELY REFLECT THE TRUE EXTENT OF FATAL CHILD ABUSE.
// DURFEE ACT//
ONE OF THE FINDINGS OF THE BOARD IS THAT WE DO NOT HAVE
A COMPREHENSIVE NATIONAL DATA SYSTEM THAT INTERGRATES
THE VARIOUS DATA COLLECTION PROCESS WITHIN JUSTICE,
HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES. WE CAN ONLY CONCLUDE THAT
OUR FINDINGS LEAD US TO BELIEVE THAT WE HAVE BEEN
PROFOUNDLY UNDERESTIMATING THE NATURE AND EXTENT OF THIS
PROBLEM. IT MAY BE THAT CHILDREN HAVE BEEN DYING AT
THIS RATE FOR SOME TIME.
// END ACT//
THE BOARD MAKES 26 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR IMPROVING THE CHILD
PROTECTION SYSTEM, INCLUDING IDENTIFYING AND REPORTING ABUSE
FATALITIES, POMOTING SERVIDES THAT WILL PREVENT ABUSE BEFORE IT
STARTS, AND AGGRESSIVELY PROSECUTING PARENTS OR CARETAKERS WHO
MURDER THEIR CHILDREN.
// REST OPT //
THE BOARD SAYS RESPONSIBILITY FOR CHILDREN HAS TO EXPAND TO
ENLIST THE SUPPORT OF COMMUNITY AGENCIES, STATE AND LOCAL
GOVERNMENTS AND INDIVIDUALS TO PROVIDE A SAFETY NET FOR NATION'S
CHILDREN.
THE BOARD SAYS IT BELIEVES MORE CHILDREN MAY DIE IF CHILD
SERVICES ARE REDUCED TO THE BLOCK GRANT (LUMP SUM) LEVELS
PROPOSED BY THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. THE BOARD SAYS IT IS
PROFOUNDLY CONCERNED ABOUT THE POTENTIAL IMPACT ON FOSTER CARE
AND ADOPTION ASSISTANCE. (SIGNED)
NEB/KNJ/GPT
27-Apr-95 8:46 AM EDT (1246 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.229usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177821
TITLE=CROATIA EXPLOSIONS (S-ONLY)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
// NOTE TO EDS: THIS COVERS THE SOME OF THE SAME MATERIAL AS
COVERED IN CN-177818 - U-N / YUGO (ROBERTS-GENEVA), //
INTRO: SEVERAL EXPLOSIONS RIPPED THROUGH THE CROATIAN CAPITAL
ZAGREB TUESDAY, KILLING THREE PEOPLE AND WOUNDING AS MANY AS 50.
THE EXPLOSIONS APPEAR TO BE IN RETALIATION AGAINST CROATIA FOR A
MILITARY ASSAULT AGAINST SERB-HELD TERRITORY. DAVID FOLEY
REPORTS FROM ZAGREB.
TEXT: A LARGE EXPLOSION ROCKED THE CROWDED STREETS OF CENTRAL
ZAGREB. THE BLAST OCCURRED ONLY A BLOCK FROM THE FOREIGN
MINISTRY AND THE U-S EMBASSY, AND WITNESSES THERE REPORTED A
NUMBER OF CARS WERE BADLY DAMAGED BY THE EXPLOSION, WHICH ALSO
SHATTERED WINDOWS IN NEARBY BUILDINGS.
MANY PEOPLE WERE TAKEN TO LOCAL HOSPITALS.
U-N OFFICIALS SAY THERE HAVE BEEN AS MANY AS NINE EXPLOSIONS IN
THE ZAGREB AREA, INCLUDING THREE NEAR THE CITY'S AIRPORT, WHICH
IS NOW CLOSED.
IT IS STILL NOT CLEAR IF THE EXPLOSIONS WERE THE RESULT OF
BOMBS, OR AS CROATIAN MILITARY SOURCES SUGGEST, THE RESULT OF A
ROCKET ATTACK BY REBEL CROATIAN SERBS.
WITNESSES AT THE SCENE OF THE EXPLOSION NEAR THE FOREIGN MINISTRY
SAW SEVERAL UNEXPLODED BOMBLETS (SMALL BOMBS) ON THE GROUND.
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAS ADVISED RESIDENTS TO REMAIN INDOORS
UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/MH/GPT
02-May-95 9:32 AM EDT (1332 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.230usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177826
TITLE=CROATIA EXPLOSIONS UPDATE (S)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS NOTE: THIS SUBS ALL PREVIOUS SHORT CRS BY FOLEY OR
ROBERTS ///
INTRO: THERE HAS BEEN A ROCKET ATTACK ON THE CROATIAN CAPITAL
ZAGREB, KILLING AT LEAST FIVE PEOPLE AND INJURING OVER 100. THE
ATTACK APPEARS TO BE IN RETALIATION FOR A CROATIAN ARMY ASSAULT
AGAINST REBEL CROATIAN SERBS. DAVID FOLEY REPORTS FROM ZAGREB.
TEXT: BETWEEN FIVE AND SIX ROCKETS HAVE FALLEN ON THE CROWDED
STREETS OF CENTRAL ZAGREB CAUSING SEVERAL DEATHS AND INJURING
OVER 100 PEOPLE. ONE ROCKET FELL ONLY A BLOCK AWAY FROM THE
FOREIGN MINISTRY AND THE U-S EMBASSY, AND WITNESSES THERE REPORT
MANY CARS WERE BADLY DAMAGED BY THE EXPLOSION WHICH ALSO
SHATTERED WINDOWS IN NEARBY BUILDINGS.
THE U-S AMBASSADOR, PETER GALBRAITH, CALLED IT A PARTICULARLY
SAVAGE ATTACK AND SAID IT COULD TRIGGER THE MOST SERIOUS FIGHTING
IN EUROPE IN 50 YEARS.
THE ATTACK APPEARS TO BE IN RETALIATION FOR A CROATIAN ARMY
ASSAULT ON REBEL CROATIAN SERBS TO REGAIN CONTROL OF THE MAIN
EAST-WEST HIGHWAY BETWEEN ZAGREB AND BELGRADE.
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAS NOW ANNOUNCED THE ARMY HAS REGAINED
CONTROL OF THE HIGHWAY AND THE ASSAULT HAS ENDED SUCCESSFULLY.
BUT AIR RAID SIRENS ARE CONTINUING TO SOUND IN ZAGREB AS
RESIDENTS BRACE FOR POSSIBLE ADDITIONAL ROCKET ATTACKS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/SKH/GPT
02-May-95 11:04 AM EDT (1504 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.231usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177811
TITLE=U-N / YUGO (S)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: SEVERAL EXPLOSIONS HAVE ROCKED CROATIA'S CAPITAL, ZAGREB,
AS GOVERNMENT FORCES CONTINUED AN OFFENSIVE AGAINST SERB REBELS
SOUTHEAST OF THE CITY. THERE WERE NO CONFIRMED REPORTS OF
CASUALTIES. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS REPORTS SERB LEADERS HAVE
THREATENED TO SHELL CROATIA'S MAIN TOWNS IN RETALIATION FOR THE
GOVERNMENT ASSAULT.
TEXT: AT LEAST THREE EXPLOSIONS ROCKED THE CENTER OF ZAGREB AT
MID-MORNING, IN AN AREA CLOSE TO SEVERAL GOVERNMENT MINISTRIES, A
LUXURY HOTEL AND THE U-S EMBASSY.
SERB REBELS, WHO CONTROL ABOUT ONE THIRD OF CROATIA, HAVE
THREATENED REPEATEDLY TO SHELL THE COUNTRY'S MAIN TOWNS AND
CITIES. AND U-N OFFICIALS SAY THE SERBS POSSESS THE LONG RANGE
ARTILLERY NEEDED TO CARRY OUT THAT THREAT.
THE BLASTS IN ZAGREB CAME AS A CROATIAN ARMY OFFENSIVE AGAINST
REBEL POSITIONS SOUTHEAST OF THE CAPITAL MOVED INTO A SECOND
DAY. GOVERNMENT WARPLANES WERE AGAIN IN ACTION, STRIKING AT A
BRIDGE OVER THE SAVA RIVER ON THE BORDER WITH BOSNIA. U-N
OFFICIALS SAY MORE THAN FIVE THOUSAND CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS
HAVE REPORTEDLY FLED INTO BOSNIA SINCE THE FIGHTING ERUPTED AT
DAWN MONDAY.
U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI IS HOLDING MORE TALKS WITH CROATIAN AND
SERB LEADERS TUESDAY IN A BID TO CONTAIN THE FIGHTING. THE U-N
SECURITY COUNCIL HAS CALLED FOR AN IMMEDIATE HALT TO THE CROATIAN
OFFENSIVE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/SKH
02-May-95 6:37 AM EDT (1037 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.232usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177818
TITLE=U-N / YUGO (S-UPDATE)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS NOTE: WRITETHRU ///
INTRO: REBEL SERBS IN CROATIA APPEAR TO HAVE FIRED ROCKETS ON
THE CAPITAL, ZAGREB, AND INITIAL REPORTS SAY AT LEAST ONE PERSON
WAS KILLED AND MORE THAN 40 WOUNDED. THE ATTACK CAME AS
CROATIAN GOVERNMENT FORCES CONTINUED AN OFFENSIVE AGAINST SERB
POSITIONS IN AN AREA ABOUT 100 KILOMETERS SOUTHEAST OF THE
CAPITAL. VOA'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS HAS BEEN MONITORING DEVELOPMENTS
FROM OUR GENEVA BUREAU.
TEXT: SEVERAL EXPLOSIONS ROCKED THE CENTER OF ZAGREB AT
MID-MORNING, SHATTERING WINDOWS AND SETTING PARKED CARS ABLAZE ON
A TREE-LINED SQUARE WHERE THE CROATIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY AND THE
U-S EMBASSY ARE LOCATED.
DETAILS REMAIN SKETCHY. BUT NEWS AGENCIES AND WESTERN DIPLOMATS
IN THE CITY SAY THE BLASTS WERE THE RESULT OF A SERB ROCKET
ATTACK.
SERB LEADERS HAVE OFTEN THREATENED TO SHELL CROATIAN TOWNS IN
RETALIATION FOR GOVERNMENT ATTACKS ON REBEL-HELD AREAS. AND U-N
OFFICIALS SAY THE SERBS POSSESS THE LONG-RANGE ARTILLERY AND
ROCKETS NEEDED TO CARRY OUT THOSE THREATS.
THE EXPLOSIONS IN ZAGREB CAME ON THE SECOND DAY OF A GOVERNMENT
OFFENSIVE AGAINST REBEL FORCES IN AN AREA KNOWN AS WESTERN
SLAVONIA.
CROATIAN OFFICIALS INSIST THE OPERATION IS AIMED SOLELY AT
SECURING CONTROL OVER A STRETCH OF THE MAIN HIGHWAY BETWEEN
ZAGREB AND THE YUGOSLAV BORDER. BUT THERE ARE MOUNTING FEARS
THAT THE CROATIAN ASSAULT COULD LEAD TO A RESUMPTION OF
FULL-SCALE WAR IN THE COUNTRY.
U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI IS HOLDING MORE TALKS WITH CROATIAN AND
SERB LEADERS IN A BID TO RESTORE THE CEASE-FIRE. LATE MONDAY,
THE U-N SECURITY COUNCIL DEMANDED AN IMMEDIATE HALT TO THE
GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/SKH/GPT
02-May-95 8:18 AM EDT (1218 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.233usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177828
TITLE= U-N/YUGO (L )
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE= GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: REBEL SERB FORCES IN CROATIA FIRED ROCKETS INTO THE HEART
OF ZAGREB TUESDAY. NEWS AGENCIES REPORT AT LEAST FIVE DEAD AND
MORE THAN 100 WOUNDED. THE SERB ATTACK WAS IN RETALIATION FOR A
SURPRISE GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE ON A REBEL-HELD AREA SOUTHEAST OF
THE CAPITAL. CROATIA'S PRESIDENT ANNOUNCED LATER TUESDAY THAT
THE OFFENSIVE IS NOW OVER, WITH GOVERNMENT TROOPS IN CONTROL OF
STRATEGIC ROAD AND RAIL LINKS. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS HAS BEEN
MONITORING DEVELOPMENTS FROM OUR GENEVA BUREAU.
TEXT: IN A BRIEF WRITTEN STATEMENT, PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN
SAID THE GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE ENDED AFTER CROATIAN TROOPS
CAPTURED THE TOWN OF OKUCANI, JUST NORTH OF THE MAIN HIGHWAY FROM
ZAGREB TO THE YUGOSLAV BORDER, ABOUT 125 KILOMETERS FROM THE
CAPITAL.
THERE HAS BEEN NO RESPONSE TO THE PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION FROM
SERB LEADERS SO FAR. OFFICIALS FROM THE TWO SIDES HAVE RESUMED
TALKS AT ZAGREB AIRPORT UNDER THE AUSPICES OF U-N ENVOY YASUSHI
AKASHI.
JUST HOURS EARLIER, SERB ROCKETS SLAMMED INTO AT LEAST THREE
CROATIAN CITIES, INCLUDING ZAGREB. ONE EXPLOSION IN THE CAPITAL
SHATTERED WINDOWS AND SET CARS ABLAZE ON A TREE-LINED SQUARE
WHERE THE CROATIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY AND THE U-S EMBASSY ARE
LOCATED.
ZAGREB AIRPORT WAS ALSO TARGETTED. AND CIVILIAN TRAFFIC WAS
BRIEFLY SUSPENDED.
THE FLARE-UP HAS PROMPTED FRESH FEARS OF A RESUMPTION OF ALL-OUT
WAR IN CROATIA. SERB REBELS, SUPPORTED BY THE YUGOSLAV ARMY,
SEIZED CONTROL OF ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE COUNTRY DURING A BLOODY
CONFLICT IN 1991.
CROATIAN OFFICIALS HAD INSISTED THAT THE OFFENSIVE LAUNCHED
MONDAY WAS LIMITED IN SCOPE AND DID NOT CALL INTO QUESTION
ZAGREB'S POLICY OF SEEKING THE PEACEFUL REINTEGRATION OF
REBEL-HELD TERRITORY.
FOREIGN MINISTER MATE GRANIC ASSURED FOREIGN DIPLOMATS THAT THE
OPERATION WAS AIMED SOLELY AT SECURING CONTROL OVER A CONTESTED
STRIP OF THE MAIN HIGHWAY WHERE AT LEAST THREE CROATIAN MOTORISTS
WERE SHOT DEAD BY SERB MILITIAMEN LAST WEEK-END.
MORE THAN TWO THOUSAND CROATIAN TROOPS, BACKED BY TANKS AND
WARPLANES, WERE INVOLVED IN THE OFFENSIVE IN THE WESTERN SLAVONIA
REGION.
THEY STORMED PAST CEASE-FIRE LINES MONITORED BY U-N PEACEKEEPING
FORCES. CROATIAN JETS LAUNCHED REPEATED ATTACKS ON A BRIDGE OVER
THE SAVA RIVER ON THE BORDER WITH BOSNIA TO THE SOUTH. U-N
OFFICIALS SAID MORE THAN FIVE THOUSAND CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS
FLED ACROSS THAT BRIDGE INTO TERRITORY CONTROLLED BY THE BOSNIAN
SERBS.
THE WARFARE IN CROATIA ERUPTED JUST AS BOSNIA'S FOUR MONTH OLD
TRUCE WAS EXPIRING. NEWS AGENCIES REPORT MORTAR FIRE IN THE
HEART OF SARAJEVO TUESDAY, AS WELL AS CONTINUED FIGHTING BETWEEN
BOSNIAN TROOPS AND SERB FORCES ELSEWHERE IN THE COUNTRY. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
02-May-95 11:29 AM EDT (1529 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.234usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177829
TITLE= U-N/YUGO (S 2ND UPDATE)
BYLINE= DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE= GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: REBEL SERB FORCES IN CROATIA FIRED ROCKETS INTO THE HEART
OF ZAGREB TUESDAY. NEWS AGENCIES REPORT AT LEAST FIVE DEAD AND
MORE THAN 100 WOUNDED. THE SERB ATTACK WAS IN RETALIATION FOR A
GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE SOUTHEAST OF THE CAPITAL. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS
ROBERTS HAS BEEN MONITORING DEVELOPMENTS FROM OUR GENEVA BUREAU.
TEXT: IN A BRIEF WRITTEN STATEMENT, PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN
SAID THE GOVERNMENT OFFENSIVE ENDED AFTER CROATIAN TROOPS
CAPTURED THE TOWN OF OKUCANI, JUST NORTH OF THE MAIN HIGHWAY FROM
ZAGREB TO THE YUGOSLAV BORDER, ABOUT 125 KILOMETERS FROM THE
CAPITAL.
THERE HAS BEEN NO RESPONSE TO THE PRESIDENTIAL DECLARATION FROM
SERB LEADERS SO FAR. OFFICIALS FROM THE TWO SIDES HAVE RESUMED
TALKS AT ZAGREB AIRPORT UNDER THE AUSPICES OF U-N ENVOY YASUSHI
AKASHI.
JUST HOURS EARLIER, SERB ROCKETS SLAMMED INTO AT LEAST THREE
CROATIAN CITIES, INCLUDING ZAGREB. ONE EXPLOSION IN THE CAPITAL
SHATTERED WINDOWS AND SET CARS ABLAZE ON A TREE-LINED SQUARE
WHERE THE CROATIAN FOREIGN MINISTRY AND THE U-S EMBASSY ARE
LOCATED.
ZAGREB AIRPORT WAS ALSO TARGETTED. AND CIVILIAN TRAFFIC WAS
BRIEFLY SUSPENDED.
THE FLARE-UP HAS PROMPTED FRESH FEARS OF A RESUMPTION OF ALL-OUT
WAR IN CROATIA. SERB REBELS, SUPPORTED BY THE YUGOSLAV ARMY,
SEIZED CONTROL OF ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE COUNTRY DURING A BLOODY
CONFLICT IN 1991.
CROATIAN OFFICIALS HAD INSISTED THAT THE OFFENSIVE LAUNCHED
MONDAY WAS LIMITED IN SCOPE AND DID NOT CALL INTO QUESTION
ZAGREB'S POLICY OF SEEKING THE PEACEFUL REINTEGRATION OF
REBEL-HELD TERRITORY. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
02-May-95 11:32 AM EDT (1532 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.235usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177842
TITLE=U-S-CROATIA (L)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES IS CONCERNED ABOUT THE CROATIAN
OFFENSIVE IN WESTERN SLAVONIA -- AND THE KRAJINA SERB RESPONSE, A
ROCKET ATTACK ON THE CROATIAN CAPITAL, ZAGREB. RON PEMSTEIN
REPORTS FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT, THE UNITED STATES IS STEPPING
UP DIPLOMACY TO TRY TO STOP THE FIGHTING.
TEXT: JUST WHEN THE UNITED STATES THOUGHT DIPLOMACY HAD
SUCCEEDED IN PEACEFULLY TRANSFORMING THE UNITED NATIONS FORCE IN
CROATIA, THE CROATIAN ARMY HAS MOVED INTO A SERB HELD TOWN IN
WESTERN SLAVONIA AND THE CROATIAN SERBS HAVE RESPONDED WITH A
ROCKET ATTACK AGAINST ZAGREB // OPT // THAT HAS KILLED FIVE
PEOPLE AND WOUNDED HUNDREDS OF OTHERS. // END OPT //
SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER, ALARMED BY THE ESCALATING
FIGHTING IN CROATIA, HAS TELEPHONED RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER
ANDREI KOZYREV, NOW IN ATLANTA, GEORGIA, TO DISCUSS THE
SITUATION.
STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS SAYS THE UNITED STATES
AND RUSSIA AGREE ON THE DIPLOMATIC STEPS TO BE TAKEN.
///BURNS ACT///
THEY AGREED THAT THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA SHOULD
WORK TOGETHER TO TRY TO RE-ESTABLISH THE U-N'S
AUTHORITY IN CROATIA. THEY AGREED THAT THE PARTIES
SHOULD BE RESTRAINED IN THEIR EFFORTS. THEY AGREED ON
THE NEED FOR THE CONTACT GROUP TO GET INVOLVED
ENERGETICALLY ON THIS ISSUE IN CROATIA.
///END ACT///
THE U-S REPRESENTATIVE TO THE FIVE NATION CONTACT GROUP, ROBERT
FRASURE, HAS URGED SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC TO
RESTRAIN HIS ARMY AND TO USE HIS INFLUENCE WITH THE CROATIAN SERB
FORCES. THE STATE DEPARTMENT HAS CONDEMNED THE ROCKET ATTACK ON
ZAGREB AS INDISCRIMINATE AGAINST CIVILIANS, SAYING THE ROCKETS
WERE ARMED WITH CLUSTER BOMB WARHEADS.
THE U-S AMBASSADOR TO CROATIA, PETER GALBRAITH, HAS URGED THE
CROATIAN GOVERNMENT TO RESPECT THE UNITED NATIONS AUTHORITY IN
THE AREAS UNDER CONTROL OF THE CROATIAN SERBS. U-S OFFICIALS SAY
THE UNITED STATES SUPPORTS CROATIA'S DESIRE TO REGAIN THE NEARLY
ONE THIRD OF THE COUNTRY HELD BY THE SERBS. AT THE SAME TIME
THEY SAY THE UNITED STATES CANNOT UNDERMINE THE UNITED NATIONS
ROLE THAT HAS KEPT THE TWO SIDES APART SINCE THE 1992 CEASE-FIRE.
IN THE LONG TERM, SAYS ONE STATE DEPARTMENT OFFICIAL, CROATIA IS
BETTER OFF SEEKING ITS ASPIRATIONS THROUGH DIPLOMACY.
ANOTHER AMERICAN CONCERN IS THAT THE CROATIAN OFFENSIVE WILL ONLY
AGGRAVATE THE DETERIORATING SITUATION IN NEIGHBORING BOSNIA,
WHERE A FOUR MONTH OLD CEASE-FIRE HAS EXPIRED THIS WEEK. THE
STATE DEPARTMENT SAYS THE UNITED STATES CONTINUES TO SUPPORT THE
CONTACT GROUP'S EFFORT TO RELAX ECONOMIC SANCTIONS AGAINST SERBIA
IF PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC WILL AGREE TO RECOGNIZE THE INDEPENDENCE
OF BOSNIA AND CROATIA.
THERE IS LITTLE SIGN THAT MR. MILOSEVIC HAS DROPPED HIS
OPPOSITION TO THE PROPOSAL, BUT THE STATE DEPARTMENT SAYS THE
OFFER REMAINS ON THE TABLE.
CONTACT GROUP REPRESENTATIVES ARE MEETING WEDNESDAY AND FRIDAY
IN LONDON AND PARIS, TO SEE WHAT FURTHER STEPS CAN BE TAKEN TO
REDUCE THE VIOLENCE IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/RP/MMK
02-May-95 3:20 PM EDT (1920 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.236usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177840
TITLE=U-S-CROATIA (S)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES HAS TAKEN DIPLOMATIC ACTION TO TRY TO
STOP THE NEW OUTBREAK OF FIGHTING IN CROATIA. RON PEMSTEIN
REPORTS FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT.
TEXT: SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER HAS TELEPHONED
RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREI KOZYREV TO DISCUSS THE CROATIAN
OFFENSIVE INTO WESTERN SLAVONIA AND THE CROATIAN SERB ROCKET
ATTACK ON THE CROATIAN CAPITAL OF ZAGREB.
STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS SAYS THE TWO MINISTERS
AGREED ON THEIR DIPLOMATIC APPROACH.
///BURNS ACT///
THEY AGREED THAT THE UNITED STATES AND RUSSIA SHOULD
WORK TOGETHER TO TRY TO RE-ESTABLISH THE U-N'S
AUTHORITY IN CROATIA. THEY AGREED THAT THE PARTIES
SHOULD BE RESTRAINED IN THEIR EFFORTS. THEY AGREED ON
THE NEED FOR THE CONTACT GROUP TO GET INVOLVED
ENERGETICALLY ON THIS ISSUE IN CROATIA.
///END ACT///
THE SPOKESMAN SAYS THE U-S REPRESENTATIVE TO THE CONTACT GROUP,
ROBERT FRASURE, TELEPHONED SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC
TO URGE HIM TO KEEP SERBIAN FORCES OUT OF THE CONFLICT AND TO USE
HIS INFLUENCE WITH THE CROATIAN SERBS.
PETER GALBRAITH, THE U-S AMBASSADOR TO CROATIA HAS URGED THE
CROATIAN GOVERNMENT TO PULL BACK ITS ARMY. THE UNITED STATES
SUPPORTS CROATIA REGAINING CONTROL OF ITS TERRITORY THROUGH
DIPLOMACY, U-S OFFICIALS SAY, NOT IN UNDERMINING UNITED NATIONS
AUTHORITY. (SIGNED)
NEB/RP/GPT
02-May-95 2:17 PM EDT (1817 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.237usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-
TITLE=VATICAN / ORTHODOX (L-ONLY)
BYLINE=PEGGY POLK
DATELINE=ROME
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: POPE JOHN PAUL THE SECOND HAS ISSUED A STRONG APPEAL FOR
AN END TO ALMOST ONE-THOUSAND YEARS OF OFTEN ACRIMONIOUS
SEPARATION BETWEEN THE CHURCHES OF THE EAST AND THE WEST. AS
PEGGY POLK REPORTS, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC PONTIFF CALLED THE BREAK A
"SIN," AND AS HE PUT IT, A "CAUSE OF SCANDAL TO THE WORLD."
TEXT: THE POPE MADE HIS APPEAL IN AN APOSTOLIC LETTER ENTITLED
"ORIENTALE LUMEN" -- THE LIGHT OF THE EAST.
HE URGED ROMAN CATHOLICS, WHO PRACTICE WHAT IS CALLED THE LATIN
RITE, TO SEEK DIALOGUE WITH MEMBERS OF EASTERN AND ORTHODOX
CHURCHES AT EVERY LEVEL, AND TO ACCEPT AND HONOR THE DIFFERENCES
IN EACH OTHER'S FORMS OF WORSHIP.
CALLING THE BREAK BETWEEN THE ORTHODOX AND ROME IN THE YEAR 1054
A "VERY SERIOUS" SIN, THE ROMAN CATHOLIC PONTIFF SAID THAT (IN
HIS WORDS) "THERE CAN BE NO SECOND THOUGHTS ABOUT PURSUING THE
PATH OF UNITY."
THE POPE HAS MADE PROGRESS TOWARD UNITY WITH ALL CHRISTIAN
CHURCHES -- PROTESTANT AS WELL AS EASTERN -- A GOAL OF THE
VATICAN'S PLANS TO CELEBRATE THE YEAR 2000 AS THE THIRD MILLENIUM
OF CHRISTIANITY.
HE IS COMPLETING AN ENCYCLICAL --THE HIGHEST FORM OF PAPAL
TEACHING -- ON THE QUEST FOR UNITY AMONG ALL CHRISTIANS.
ECUMENICAL PATRIARCH BARTHOLOMEW, THE SPIRITUAL LEADER OF THE
WORLD'S 250 MILLION ORTHODOX CHRISTIANS, IS EXPECTED TO MEET WITH
HIM AT THE VATICAN IN JUNE.
TENSIONS BETWEEN ROME AND ORTHODOX CHURCHES HAVE RISEN WITH THE
COLLAPSE OF COMMUNISM IN THE SOVIET UNION AND EASTERN EUROPE.
THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH HAS ACCUSED CATHOLICS OF SEEKING
CONVERTS AMONG THE ORTHODOX, WHILE UKRAINIAN CATHOLICS ARE
DEMANDING THAT THE ORTHODOX CHURCH RETURN PROPERTY CONFISCATED BY
SOVIET DICTATOR JOSEF STALIN AFTER WORLD WAR TWO.
AS THE VATICAN ISSUED THE POPE'S 54-PAGE LETTER, JOHN PAUL WAS
DISCUSSING THE PROPERTY ISSUE WITH UKRAINIAN PRESIDENT LEONID
KUCHMA, WHO IS MAKING A FOUR-DAY VISIT TO ROME AND THE VATICAN.
(SIGNED)
NEB/PP/SKH/MMK
02-May-95 12:11 PM EDT (1611 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.238usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=COMPUTER SERIES 95-369
NUMBER=3-21766
TITLE=QUESTIONING HIGH TECHNOLOGY (L)
BYLINE=DAN NOBLE
TELEPHONE=619-1014
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=SWANEY
CONTENT=
(INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM AUDIO SERVICES)
INTRO: PERHAPS NO PHENOMENON IN RECENT TIMES HAS RECEIVED MORE
ATTENTION, HELD OUT MORE PROMISE, NOR ACHIEVED SUCH
STATURE AS THE INFORMATION SUPER HIGHWAY. IT SEEMS THAT
A DAY DOESN'T GO BY THAT SOME HIGH-TECH EVENT IS
FEATURED IN THE NEWSPAPERS OR DISCUSSED ON TELEVISION.
EXPERTS SAY THAT HIGH-TECH WILL SUPPLY US WITH VAST
AMOUNTS OF INFORMATION, PUT US IN CLOSE TOUCH WITH ONE
ANOTHER, AND TURN THE WORLD INTO A GLOBAL VILLAGE. OR
WILL IT? DAN NOBLE HAS DETAILS.
TEXT: CLIFF STOLL IS THE BESTSELLING AUTHOR OF "THE CUCKOO'S
EGG," THE TRUE STORY OF HOW HE TRACKED AND EVENTUALLY
CAUGHT A GERMAN SPY RING OPERATING OVER THE INTERNET.
MR. STOLL, A UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ASTRONOMER, HAS
BEEN INVOLVED WITH COMPUTERS AND COMPUTER NETWORKS FOR
MORE THAN 20-YEARS -- LONG BEFORE THE INTERNET EVOLVED
INTO THE MASSIVE COMMUNICATIONS WEB THAT IT HAS BECOME.
BUT NOW, HE HAS SOME DOUBTS AND HE'S PUT THEM IN A BOOK
ENTITLED "SILICON SNAKE OIL: SECOND THOUGHTS ON THE
INFORMATION HIGHWAY."
TAPE: CUT ONE -- CLIFF STOLL (0:56)
"I'VE PAID MY DUES. I SPENT HOURS AND HOURS ON ALMOST
EVERY NETWORK I COULD COME ACROSS RANGING FROM THE
INTERNET, TO AMERICA ONLINE, TO COMPUSERVE, AND IN ALL
THE HOURS AND THE DAYS AND THE MONTHS THAT I'VE SPENT
CONNECTED THROUGH THE MODEM, I'VE NEVER WALKED AWAY WITH
THE SENSE: 'WOW, THIS IS REALLY SATISFYING'. I'VE NEVER
GOTTEN THE SAME SENSE OF COMPLETENESS THAT I'D GET EVEN
GOING TO A BASEBALL GAME, LET ALONE SPENDING AN
AFTERNOON WITH A COUPLE OF GOOD FRIENDS. (///OPT///)
INSTEAD, IT'S ALWAYS: 'OH, THAT'S NEAT. WHAT A
FASCINATING BIZARRE LITTLE CORNER I'VE DISCOVERED IN
CYBERSPACE'. BUT I NEVER GET THE SENSE OF WARMTH,
WELCOMING, A SENSE OF I'M A MEMBER OF A REAL
NEIGHBORHOOD, A REAL COMMUNITY. (///END OPT///) INSTEAD,
I GET A SENSE OF: IT'S ALL VIRTUAL. THERE IS NOTHING
REAL TO IT."
TEXT: AND, SAYS CLIFF STOLL, MUCH OF WHAT HE FINDS IN
CYBERSPACE IS NOTHING MORE THAN TRIVIA...
TAPE: CUT TWO -- CLIFF STOLL (1:03)
"...A GREAT DEAL OF UNIMPORTANT FACTOIDS THAT ARE
COMPLETELY UNSORTED. INSTEAD OF FINDING ALL SORTS OF
WARM KINDHEARTED FRIENDLY PEOPLE, WANTING TO ENGAGE IN
CHATS, I FIND PUERILE CONVERSATIONS: 'HI'. 'HELLO'.
'HOW ARE YOU'? 'HI'. INSTEAD OF FINDING A KEY TO
DEMOCRACY WHERE LOTS OF PEOPLE TALK ABOUT TOUGH ISSUES,
I FIND THE MOST BIZARRE MESSAGES POSTED THAT REALLY
DON'T HAVE MUCH POINT, AT ALL. INSTEAD OF
REPRESENTATIVES AND LEGISLATORS GOING THROUGH, READING
THEIR ELECTRONIC MAIL, THEY ARE OVERLOADED WITH IT.
THEY GET HUNDREDS, OR THOUSANDS OF LETTERS IN A DAY.
HOW CAN THEY POSSIBLY PLOW THROUGH THIS? IT SEEMS TO ME
THAT THERE IS THIS WONDERFUL PROMISED LAND OUT THERE,
THIS ELECTRONIC INFORMATION SUPER HIGHWAY. WHAT'S
ACTUALLY BEING DELIVERED IS NOT EVEN A MILLIONTH OF THE
PROMISE."
TEXT: ACCORDING TO CLIFF STOLL, IT USED TO BE -- BECAUSE OF
THE EXPENSE OF COMPUTERS -- THAT "ONLY THE HIGHEST
QUALITY DATA WOULD MAKE IT ON TO A COMPUTER NETWORK. IT
WAS," HE ADDS, "EXPENSIVE TO BRING IT THERE."
TAPE: CUT THREE -- CLIFF STOLL (0:57)
"NOW THAT COMPUTERS ARE UBIQUITOUS -- LOOK, THEY'RE ALL
OVER THE PLACE -- THE DATA THAT YOU FIND, THE
INFORMATION THAT YOU FIND ON THIS INFORMATION HIGHWAY,
IS LOW QUALITY. (///OPT///) NOBODY IS BEING PAID TO
FILTER OUT THE DRUDGE. IT'S NOBODY'S JOB TO GO OUT AND
GET RID OF THE LOUSY POSTINGS, THE UNIMPORTANT FACTOIDS
AND JUST LET THE GOOD WRITING, THE WELL THOUGHT OUT
ARGUMENTS TO COME THROUGH. (///END OPT///) IN A
PUBLISHING HOUSE WITHOUT EDITORS, WITHOUT REPORTERS,
WITHOUT REVIEWERS, WITHOUT CRITICS, LACKING THIS
EDITORIAL FILTER THAT KEEPS OUT THE CRUD (FILTH) AND
LETS THE GOOD WRITING THROUGH, YOU END UP WITH A SWAMP
THAT DOESN'T HAVE MUCH UTILITY."
TEXT: IN PARTICULAR, CLIFF STOLL QUESTIONS THE UTILITY OF WORD
PROCESSING PROGRAMS.
TAPE: CUT FOUR -- CLIFF STOLL (0:35)
"WORD PROCESSORS ENCOURAGE PEOPLE TO BEGIN BY WRITING
AND THEN START WRITING A LOT OF WORDS AND THEN EDIT OUT
WHAT YOU DON'T WANT. IT USED TO BE, WHEN YOU HAD MANUAL
TYPEWRITERS, ELECTRIC TYPEWRITERS, OR HANDWRITING, YOU
HAD TO THINK THROUGH EACH PARAGRAPH BEFORE YOU WROTE IT.
(///OPT///) NOW, YOU START WITH THE FIRST WORD, GO TO
THE SECOND, GO TO THE THIRD. ANYTHING YOU DON'T WANT
LATER ON YOU DO A CUT AND PASTE. CUT IT OUT. THROW IT
OUT. (///END OPT///) THE COMPUTER IS CHANGING THE WAY
WE WRITE AND HOW WE WRITE. AND MAYBE NOT FOR THE
BETTER."
TEXT: CLIFF STOLL -- A UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA ASTRONOMER AND
AUTHOR OF "SILICON SNAKE OIL: SECOND THOUGHTS ON THE
INFORMATION HIGHWAY." HE TELLS READERS THAT HE IS
QUESTIONING MUCH OF WHAT HE'S DONE IN THE FIELD OF
COMPUTING. HE CAUTIONS THAT AS VALUABLE AS NETWORKS CAN
BE FOR CERTAIN ENDEAVORS, SUCH AS SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
AND INFORMAL BUSINESS COMMUNICATION, "WE MUST NOT DELUDE
OURSELVES INTO THINKING THAT COMPUTER-GENERATED REALITY
CAN REPLACE REAL TIME, (AND) TANGIBLE SPACE."
02-May-95 4:21 PM EDT (2021 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.239usisbel,
DATE=5/2/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-20380
TITLE=BOMB MAKING ON THE INTERNET
BYLINE=JOHN PITMAN
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AS INVESTIGATORS LEARN MORE ABOUT THE OKLAHOMA CITY
BOMBING, QUESTIONS REMAIN ABOUT HOW THE KILLERS LEARNED TO MAKE
THE BOMB. ONE OF THE PLACES LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS ARE LOOKING
FOR CLUES IS THE INTERNET, WHERE SEVERAL BOMB-MAKING MANUALS ARE
EASILY AVAILABLE. VOA'S JOHN PITMAN RECENTLY WENT ON-LINE IN
SEARCH OF EXPLOSIVE KNOW-HOW, AND HAS THIS REPORT.
TEXT: BOMB MAKING MANUALS TURN UP ALL OVER THE INTERNET.
FEDERAL INVESTIGATORS HAVE FOCUSED ON COMPUTER SYSTEMS OPERATED
BY SUSPECTED HATE GROUPS, BUT A SIMPLE SEARCH OF UNIVERSITY
COMPUTER SYSTEMS UNCOVERED A NUMBER OF DIFFERENT HOW-TO GUIDES.
"THE TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK" -- WHICH FIRST APPEARED IN THE 1960S
-- PROVIDES STEP-BY-STEP INSTRUCTIONS FOR PIPE BOMBS, TEAR GAS
AND ROCKETS. THE FOUR-PART "PYRO GUIDE" IS TARGETED AT SMALLER
SCALE MISCHIEF-MAKERS. IT HAS INSTRUCTIONS FOR FLASH POWDERS AND
FIRECRACKERS. EVEN THE U-S GOVERNMENT'S SANDIA NATIONAL LAB
PUBLISHES SCHOLARLY ARTICLES ON THE SCIENCE OF HIGH EXPLOSIVES.
FINDING THESE ARTICLES IS AS EASY AS TYPING THE WORD "EXPLOSIVES"
INTO A SEARCH PROGRAM, AND LETTING THE COMPUTER DO THE REST.
THERE ARE ALSO DISCUSSION GROUPS AND MAILING-LISTS DEVOTED TO
BOMB-MAKING. BUT, AS AMERICAN UNIVERSITY COMPUTER SCIENCE
PROFESSOR FRANK CONNOLLY FOUND OUT, RECIPES FOR DESTRUCTION CAN
BE LURKING ANYWHERE. HE STUMBLED ON THE "PYRO GUIDE"
ACCIDENTALLY WHILE LOOKING THROUGH AN ON-LINE COOKBOOK.
/// SFX COMPUTER KEYBOARD ///
/// FADE UNDER 1ST CONNOLLY ACT ///
"THE ONE THAT I WAS TRYING TO GET WAS SOMETHING HOT AND
SPICY. AND SO WHEN I LOOKED UP A COLLECTION OF SPICY
THINGS IN THIS CATEGORY, THEY HAD THEM BROKEN DOWN BY
TEX-MEX, AND THERE WAS A CATEGORY CALLED 'HOT AND
SPICY.' AND THERE WAS ANOTHER CATEGORY -- AND WE'LL SEE
IT COME UP ON THE NEXT MENU -- THAT WAS CALLED
'PYROTECHNICS.'"
/// END ACT ///
"THE PYRO GUIDE" IS A COLLECTION OF RECIPES FOR SMALL CHARGES.
THE GUIDE'S INTRODUCTION SAYS THE EXPLOSIVES ARE MEANT ONLY TO
SATISFY USERS' "SCIENTIFIC CURIOSITY." BUT IT GOES ON TO SAY THE
CHARGES ARE ALSO WELL SUITED FOR PRACTICAL JOKES. WHILE NO ONE
KNOWS WHO WROTE THE "GUIDE" OR OTHER MANUALS LIKE THE
"TERRORIST'S HANDBOOK," THEY ALL INCLUDE PRECISE INSTRUCTIONS ON
HOW TO ORDER AND MIX CHEMICALS. THEY ALSO INCLUDE LENGTHY SAFETY
WARNINGS AND DISCLAIMERS. PROFESSOR CONNOLLY READS FROM "THE
PYRO GUIDE."
/// BEGIN 2ND CONNOLLY ACT ///
"IT STARTS OUT WITH: 'THIS IS PART OF A SERIES OF FILES
ON PYROTECHNICS AND EXPLOSIVES.' WHEN I GOT TO THAT, IT
WAS INTERESTING BECAUSE THEN I KNEW I WASN'T GETTING HOT
AND SPICY FOOD. IT SAYS: 'IT'S SERIOUS STUFF AND CAN BE
REALLY DANGEROUS IF YOU DON'T TREAT IT SERIOUSLY. FOR
YOU KIDS OUT THERE WHO WATCH TOO MUCH CARTOONS, REMEMBER
THAT IF A PART OF YOUR BODY GETS BLOWN AWAY IN THE REAL
WORLD, IT STAYS BLOWN AWAY. IF YOU CAN'T TREAT THIS
STUFF WITH RESPECT, DON'T SCREW AROUND WITH IT."
/// END ACT ///
NEIL MILLER WAS THE FIRST TO POST THE "PYRO GUIDE" ON THE
INTERNET. HE SAYS HE SENT IT TO A PYROTECHNICS DISCUSSION GROUP
BECAUSE HE THOUGHT THE MEMBERS MIGHT BE INTERESTED IN IT. SINCE
THAT INITIAL POSTING IN 1991, HE ESTIMATES THE "GUIDE" HAS BEEN
READ BY TWO OR THREE-THOUSAND PEOPLE AROUND THE WORLD, AND SPREAD
TO NUMEROUS DIFFERENT COMPUTER SYSTEMS.
MR. MILLER SAYS HE DOES NOT CONDONE BOMB-MAKING, AND DIDN'T THINK
ANYONE WOULD ACTUALLY FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS. BUT LATE LAST
YEAR, HE GOT A CALL FROM THE BOSTON POLICE DEPARTMENT.
APPARENTLY, A BOMB MAKER HAD BEEN ARRESTED IN BOSTON, AND A COPY
OF THE "PYRO GUIDE" DISCOVERED AMONGST HIS POSSESSIONS. MR.
MILLER SAYS HE NOW HAS MIXED FEELINGS ABOUT WHAT SHOULD AND
SHOULD NOT BE POSTED ON THE INTERNET.
/// MILLER ACT ///
"WHILE ON THE ONE HAND I'M ALL FOR FREEDOM OF THE PRESS
WITH RESPECT TO THE INTERNET, I HAVE A HARD TIME
DEFENDING CERTAIN THINGS ... THE UPSHOT IS, YOU ARE
RESPONSIBLE FOR WHAT YOU POST. AND BEING IGNORANT, AS I
WAS AT THE TIME, IS NOT MUCH OF AN EXCUSE."
/// END ACT ///
THE DEBATE OVER THE FREEDOM OF SPEECH ON THE INTERNET WILL
CONTINUE FOR YEARS. BUT, IN THE WAKE OF THE OKLAHOMA CITY BLAST,
WHICH MAY OR MAY NOT HAVE ANY CONNECTION TO THE INTERNET,
LAWMAKERS ARE ALREADY TAKING STEPS TO REGULATE POTENTIALLY
DANGEROUS INFORMATION ON-LINE. AMONG THESE EFFORTS, DEMOCRATIC
SENATOR JAMES EXON HAS INTRODUCED THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS DECENCY
ACT OF 1995. IF PASSED, THE ACT WOULD EXTEND TELEPHONE OBSCENITY
AND SECURITY LAWS TO COMPUTERS AND FAX MACHINES. (SIGNED)
NEB/JP/LWM
02-May-95 5:29 PM EDT (2129 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.240usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177894
TITLE=CROATIA EXPLOSION (S-UPDATE)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS IN THE CROATIAN CAPITAL ZAGREB,
SAY A CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT HAS BEEN REACHED BETWEEN THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT AND REBEL CROATIAN SERBS. THE AGREEMENT NOW IN EFFECT
COMES AFTER ONE PERSON WAS KILLED AND MORE THAN 40 INJURED IN A
SECOND DAY IN A ROW OF ROCKET ATTACKS ON ZAGREB. DAVID FOLEY
REPORTS FOR VOA NEWS IN ZAGREB.
TEXT: THE UNITED NATIONS CHIEF NEGOTIATOR IN THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA, YASUSHI AKASHI, SAYS THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT AND
REBEL CROATIAN SERB LEADERS HAVE AGREED TO STOP ALL FIGHTING
EFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY. BUT THE CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT IS ONLY A
VERBAL COMMITMENT BY BOTH SIDES AND NOTHING HAS BEEN SIGNED.
THE ANNOUNCEMENT COMES AFTER ROCKETS WHICH U-N OFFICIALS SAY WERE
FIRED BY THE CROATIAN-SERBS SLAMMED INTO ZAGREB FOR THE SECOND
DAY IN A ROW. FOUR ROCKETS HIT THE CITY CENTER DURING THE LUNCH
HOUR STRIKING THE NATIONAL THEATER AND A CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL.
THE U-S AMBASSADOR TO ZAGREB PETER GALBRAITH CALLED IT A SAVAGE
ATTACK TIMED TO KILL AS MANY CIVILIANS AS POSSIBLE. THE ROCKET
ATTACKS ARE BELIEVED TO BE IN RETALIATION FOR A CROATIAN ARMY
OFFENSIVE IN WESTERN SLOVENIA AGAINST CROATIAN SERB FORCES THAT
WERE BLOCKING THE EAST-WEST HIGHWAY BETWEEN ZAGREB AND BELGRADE.
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT SAYS THE HIGHWAY HAS NOW BEEN REOPENED
AND BETWEEN 500 AND 600 CROATIAN SERB SOLDIERS ARE SURROUNDED.
THE CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT CALLS FOR THE CROATIAN SERB SOLDIERS TO
BE EVACUATED UNDER U-N SUPERVISION TO SERB HELD AREAS OF NORTHERN
BOSNIA AFTER THEY HAVE GIVEN UP ALL WEAPONS EXCEPT PERSONAL SIDE
ARMS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/T-BP/CF
03-May-95 2:26 PM EDT (1826 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.241usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177874
TITLE=CROATIA EXPLOSIONS (S)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: FOR THE SECOND DAY IN A ROW, THE CROATIAN CAPITAL ZAGREB
HAS COME UNDER ROCKET ATTACK. THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT SAYS AT
LEAST 15 PEOPLE HAVE BEEN INJURED, EIGHT OF THEM SERIOUSLY.
DAVID FOLEY REPORTS FOR VOA NEWS FROM ZAGREB.
TEXT: FOUR ROCKETS HAVE HIT CENTRAL ZAGREB INJURING A NUMBER OF
PEOPLE AND DAMAGING SCORES OF CARS. THE ROCKETS, PACKED WITH
SMALL CLUSTER BOMBS, STRUCK IN THE HEART OF ZAGREB, ALSO DAMAGING
THE NATIONAL THEATER AND SCATTERING SHRAPNEL ACROSS ONE OF THE
CITY'S BUSIEST PEDESTRIAN AREAS.
UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS SAY ANOTHER SEVEN ROCKETS HAVE ALSO HIT
NEAR THE CITY'S AIRPORT. THE ATTACKS ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN
STAGED BY CROATIAN SERBS IN RETALIATION FOR A CROATIAN ARMY
OFFENSIVE AGAINST THE SERBS IN WESTERN SLOVONIA.
THE UNITED NATIONS HAS ANNOUNCED THAT A CEASE-FIRE HAS BEEN
AGREED ON IN THAT AREA AND THE 500 CROATIAN SERB SOLDIERS WHO ARE
SURROUNDED HAVE BEGUN TO HAND IN THEIR WEAPONS -- A PROCESS
EXPECTED TO LAST FIVE DAYS.
THERE HAS BEEN NO APPARENT PROGRESS ON A WIDER CEASE-FIRE WITH
THE CROATIAN SERBS AND THE CITIZENS OF ZAGREB ARE BRACING FOR
ADDITIONAL ATTACKS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/MH/CF
03-May-95 8:23 AM EDT (1223 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.242usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177880
TITLE=E-U / EASTERN EUROPE (L-ONLY)
BYLINE=JOHN FRASER
DATELINE= BRUSSELS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION HAS AGREED ON A PACKAGE OF
LEGISLATION AND ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURES WHICH EASTERN EUROPEAN
STATES WILL NEED TO IMPLEMENT IN PREPARING FOR THEIR MEMBERSHIP
IN THE EUROPEAN UNION. THE DOCUMENT, WHICH IS CALLED A WHITE
PAPER, WILL BE PRESENTED TO E-U LEADERS FOR FINAL APPROVAL AT
THEIR SUMMIT IN CANNES NEXT MONTH. JOHN FRASER REPORTS FROM
BRUSSELS.
TEXT: THE EXISTING EUROPEAN UNION MEMBERS HAVE IMPLEMENTED A
FREE TRADE AREA, KNOWN AS THE INTERNAL MARKET, IN WHICH THERE IS
FREE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE, GOODS, CAPITAL AND SERVICES. THE AIM OF
THE NEW WHITE PAPER IS TO ALLOW THE COUNTRIES OF CENTRAL AND
EASTERN EUROPE TO LOCK IN TO THIS INTERNAL MARKET. IF THEY ADOPT
ALL THE LEGISLATION, IT WILL BE AN IMPORTANT PART OF PREPARING
FOR FULL MEMBERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN UNION.
THE BRUSSELS COMMISSIONER RESPONSIBLE FOR THE INTERNAL MARKET,
MARIO MONTI, SAYS THE WHITE PAPER IS A GUIDE FOR THE COUNTRIES OF
EASTERN EUROPE, BUT IS NOT BEING FORCED ON THEM. AND HE SAYS
THIS IS A HELPFUL EXERCISE FOR BOTH SIDES.
/// MONTI ACT ///
I WOULD LIKE TO STRESS THAT ONE OF THINGS THAT THE WHITE
PAPER IS NOT, IS AN OBSTACLE. IT IS NOT AN OBSTACLE;
IT IS A GUIDE. IT IS MEANT TO BE A TOOL. I HOPE A VERY
USEFUL ONE.
/// END ACT ///
COMMISSIONER MONTI ADDS THAT THE WHITE PAPER CONTAINS MANY LAWS
-- HE HAS NOT YET COUNTED HOW MANY -- BUT IT ALSO CONTAINS A
LEGISLATIVE AND JUDICIAL STRUCTURE WHICH THE COUNTRIES OF EASTERN
EUROPE WILL NEED TO ADOPT BEFORE THEY CAN IMPLEMENT THE
LEGISLATION TO CREATE THE INTERNAL MARKET.
/// 2ND MONTI ACT ///
LAWS ARE IMPORTANT, DIRECTIVES ARE IMPORTANT, BUT WE TRY
TO PUT AT LEAST AS MUCH EMPHASIS ON ADMINSTRATIVE
STRUCTURES AS WE DO ON LAWS. WE THINK IT WOULD BE
HIGHLY DANGEROUS AND NOT CONDUCIVE TO A REAL
APPROXIMATION TO THE INTERNAL MARKET IF INADEQUATE
ATTENTION WERE GIVEN TO THE TECHNICAL, ADMINISTRATIVE --
EVEN JUDICIARY STRUCTURES -- THAT ARE NEEDED.
/// END ACT ///
THE COUNTRIES AT WHICH THE WHITE PAPER IS AIMED INCLUDE SIX
CENTRAL EUROPEAN STATES -- POLAND, HUNGARY, THE CZECH REPUBLIC,
SLOVAKIA, BULGARIA AND ROMANIA. THE THREE BALTIC STATES ARE ALSO
INCLUDED, AS IS SLOVENIA. ALBANIA, TOO, MAY SOON BECOME INVOLVED
IN THE EXERCISE.
HOWEVER, E-U COMMISSIONERS HAVE STRESSED THAT THE CONTENTS OF THE
WHITE PAPER ALONE WILL NOT BE SUFFICIENT TO PREPARE THESE
COUNTRIES FOR MEMBERSHIP OF THE EUROPEAN UNION. ADDITIONAL
ECONOMIC REFORMS, AND A WHOLE RAFT OF OTHER LEGISLATION, WILL
ALSO BE REQUIRED. THE WHITE PAPER WITH ITS RECOMMENDATIONS IS THE
START OF A LONG PROCESS -- AND NOT THE END. (SIGNED)
NEB/JF/SKH/MMK
03-May-95 9:53 AM EDT (1353 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.243usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177865
TITLE=NATO-CROATIA-BOSNIA
BYLINE=JOHN FRASER
DATELINE=BRUSSELS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE NATO ALLIANCE HAS BEGUN TO DEPLOY 50 SKILLED
COMMUNICATIONS EXPERTS IN CROATIA, TO PREPARE FOR THE POSSIBLE
WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED NATIONS FORCES FROM NEIGHBORING BOSNIA.
HOWEVER, NATO SOURCES HAVE STRESSED THAT THIS DOES NOT MEAN
THAT THE WITHDRAWAL IS ABOUT TO TAKE PLACE. JOHN FRASER REPORTS
FROM BRUSSELS.
TEXT: THE 50 NATO COMMUNICATIONS EXPERTS COME FROM SIX NATIONS
-- THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN, BELGIUM, DENMARK, ITALY AND
HOLLAND. OF THE 50, ABOUT 20 ARE FROM AMERICA. NATO SOURCES SAY
THE FIRST MEMBERS OF THE COMMUNICATIONS UNIT HAVE ALREADY ARRIVED
IN CROATIA AND OTHERS ARE ON THEIR WAY.
THEIR TASK WILL BE TO SET UP A SOPHISTICATED COMMUNICATIONS AND
DATA PROCESSING NETWORK, WHICH WILL BE NEEDED IF AND WHEN NATO
BEGINS THE OPERATION TO PULL-OUT THE 24-THOUSAND OR SO UNITED
NATIONS FORCES FROM BOSNIA.
IT HAS BEEN ESTIMATED THAT SOME 50-THOUSAND NATO TROOPS WILL BE
NEEDED FOR THE WITHDRAWAL OPERATION, WHICH COULD TAKE SOME TIME.
THE TERRAIN MAY BE HOSTILE; THE UNITED NATIONS TROOPS MAY BECOME
THE TARGETS FOR ONE OF MORE OF THE WARRING FACTIONS; AND THERE IS
A RISK OF UNITED NATIONS OR NATO FORCES BEING TAKEN HOSTAGE.
THE OPERATION WILL BE FURTHER COMPLICATED IF IT IS DECIDED TO
WITHDRAW ALL OF THE EQUIPMENT WHICH THE UNITED NATIONS HAS SET UP
IN BOSNIA.
NATO PLANNERS BELIEVE THAT THE WITHDRAWAL OPERATION WILL BE
SPEEDED UP IF A COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK IS ALREADY IN PLACE AND
THAT IS WHY THEY HAVE TAKEN THE DECISION TO SEND THE 50
COMMUNICATIONS EXPERTS TO CROATIA.
HOWEVER, THE POLITICAL MESSAGE FROM NATO HEADQUARTERS IS THAT THE
ALLIANCE CONTINUES TO SUPPORT PEACE EFFORTS IN BOSNIA, BELIEVES
THE UNITED NATIONS IS DOING AN IMPORTANT JOB, AND NATO CHIEFS
HOPE THEY WILL NOT HAVE TO IMPLEMENT THE WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED
NATIONS PERSONNEL. HOWEVER, PLANNING FOR SUCH AN OPERATION IS
WELL ADVANCED, SO THAT NATO WILL BE READY TO SWING INTO ACTION
IF THE UNITED NATIONS DECIDES ON A WITHDRAWAL.
NATO OFFICIALS STRESS THAT THE DECISION TO MOUNT A WITHDRAWAL
OPERATION WILL BE TAKEN BY THE UNITED NATIONS, AND NOT BY THE
NORTH ATLANTIC ALLIANCE, ITSELF. (SIGNED)
NEB/JF/SKH
03-May-95 4:36 AM EDT (0836 UTC)
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voa.244usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177889
TITLE=OWEN / YUGO (S)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION HAVE PROPOSED
NEW PEACE TALKS BETWEEN THE CROATIAN GOVERNNMENT AND REBEL SERB
LEADERS. THE EUROPEAN MEDIATOR, LORD OWEN, UNVEILED THE PROPOSAL
AT A NEWS CONFERENCE IN GENEVA TODAY, AFTER SERB FORCES STAGED
ANOTHER ROCKET ATTACK ON ZAGREB IN RETALIATION FOR THIS WEEK'S
GROUND OFFENSIVE BY CROATIAN GOVERNMENT TROOPS. VOA'S DOUGLAS
ROBERTS IN GENEVA REPORTS IT IS NOT YET CLEAR WHETHER THE TWO
SIDES WILL AGREE TO ATTEND THE PROPOSED TALKS.
TEXT: LORD OWEN SAID THE SITUATION IN CROATIA IS GRAVE AND
APPEARS TO BE DETERIORATING. HE CONDEMNED THE SERB ROCKET
ATTACKS ON ZAGREB. BUT HE WAS ALSO CRITICAL OF THE CROATIAN
OFFENSIVE AGAINST REBEL POSITIONS SOUTHEAST OF THE CAPITAL.
// OWEN ACT //
I ONLY KNOW THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS. THIS IS THE WORST
MILITARY OPERATION SINCE THE 1992 CEASE-FIRE BROKERED BY
MR. VANCE (FORMER U-N ENVOY CYRUS VANCE). AND WE HAVE
TO CONTAIN IT.
// END ACT //
LORD OWEN SAID THE JOINT U-N / E-U PROPOSAL FOR PEACE TALKS WAS
COMMUNICATED TO CROATIAN AND SERB LEADERS EARLY WEDNESDAY. HE
SAID NEITHER SIDE HAS REPLIED SO FAR, BUT HE STRONGLY URGED BOTH
TO ACCEPT THE PROPOSAL.
THE EUROPEAN MEDIATOR AND HIS U-N COUNTERPART, THORVALD
STOLTENBERG, WANT THE TALKS TO BEGIN IN GENEVA ON FRIDAY.
LORD OWEN SAID THE TALKS COULD COVER POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND
MILITARY ISSUES, WITH THE AIM OF REACHING AN OVER-ALL PEACE
SETTLEMENT. HE INDICATED THAT THE PROPOSED GENEVA MEETING IS
DESIGNED TO COMPLEMENT U-N-SPONSORED TALKS NOW UNDER WAY IN
CROATIA ON A CEASE-FIRE AND THE WITHDRAWAL OF THE OPPOSING FORCES
FROM THE AREA OF THIS WEEK'S CROATIAN OFFENSIVE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/CF
03-May-95 1:07 PM EDT (1707 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.245usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177897
TITLE= OWEN/YUGO (L)
BYLINE= DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE= GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: MORE ROCKETS SLAMMED INTO CROATIA'S CAPITAL, ZAGREB,
WEDNESDAY. AT LEAST ONE PERSON WAS KILLED AND MORE THAN 40
INJURED, AS REBEL SERB FORCES CONTINUED TO RETALIATE FOR THIS
WEEK'S CROATIAN OFFENSIVE IN A REBEL-HELD AREA. U-N ENVOY
YASUSHI AKASHI ANNOUNCED TENTATIVE AGREEMENT ON A CEASE-FIRE.
AND THE U-N AND THE EUROPEAN UNION PROPOSED A NEW ROUND OF PEACE
TALKS BETWEEN THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT AND SERB LEADERS LATER
THIS WEEK. THE PROPOSAL WAS UNVEILED BY EUROPEAN MEDIATOR LORD
OWEN AT A NEWS CONFERENCE IN GENEVA. WE HAVE DETAILS FROM
V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS.
TEXT: THE U-N AND THE EUROPEAN UNION WANT THE PEACE TALKS TO
BEGIN HERE ON FRIDAY. LORD OWEN SAID NEITHER SIDE HAS YET
RESPONDED TO THE PROPOSAL, BUT HE URGED THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT
AND SERB LEADERS TO ATTEND THE NEGOTIATIONS.
LORD OWEN SAID THERE WOULD BE NO FIXED AGENDA FOR THE
CONFERENCE. IT WOULD COVER POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND MIILITARY
ISSUES, HE SAID, WITH THE AIM OF REACHING AN OVER-ALL PEACE
SETTLEMENT.
LORD OWEN SAID THE SITUATION IN CROATIA IS GRAVE AND APPEARS TO
BE DETERIORATING. HE DEPLORED THE SERB ROCKET ATTACKS ON ZAGREB.
BUT HE WAS ALSO IMPLICITLY CRITICAL OF THE CROATIAN OFFENSIVE
INTO REBEL HELD TERRITORY SOUTHEAST OF THE CAPITAL EARLIER THIS
WEEK.
///OWEN ACT///
I ONLY KNOW THAT THIS IS VERY DANGEROUS. THIS IS THE
WORST MILITARY OPERATION SINCE THE 1992 CEASE-FIRE
BROKERED BY MR. (CYRUS) VANCE (THE FORMER U-N MEDIATOR).
AND WE HAVE TO CONTAIN IT. I THINK IT MAY BE POSSIBLE
TO REACH A CEASE-FIRE WHILE OTHER, LONGER, WIDER AND
DEEPER DISCUSSIONS GO ON. MAYBE. I HOPE SO.
///END ACT///
THE RENEWED WARFARE IN CROATIA HAS SPARKED FEARS OF A WIDER
BALKAN CONFLICT, WITH THE ARMY OF SERB-DOMINATED YUGOSLAVIA
INTERVENING IN SUPPORT OF THE CROATIAN SERBS.
LORD OWEN HAS LONG MAINTAINED THAT IS THE GREATEST THREAT TO
PEACE IN THE REGION.
///OWEN ACT///
THE OVER-RIDING FEAR HAS ALWAYS BEEN OF A REVIVAL OF THE
WAR BETWEEN SERBIA AND CROATIA. THAT IS THE BIG ONE,
AND THAT IS THE EXTREMELY DANGEROUS ONE.
///END ACT///
YUGOSLAV TROOPS HELPED THE CROATIAN SERBS SECURE CONTROL OVER
ABOUT ONE THIRD OF THE COUNTRY DURING THE BLOODY CONFLICT OF
1991. BUT LORD OWEN SAID BELGRADE'S REACTION TO THIS LATEST
FLARE-UP HAS BEEN BOTH RESPONSIBLE AND HELPFUL.
YUGOSLAV OFFICIALS HAVE CONDEMNED THE CROATIAN OFFENSIVE. BUT
THEY HAVE ALSO DEPLORED THE SERB ROCKET ATTACKS ON CROATIAN
CITIES.
LORD OWEN SAID HE BELIEVES BOTH BELGRADE AND ZAGREB ARE ANXIOUS
TO AVOID AN ESCALATION OF THE WARFARE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
03-May-95 2:16 PM EDT (1816 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.246usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177904
TITLE=WORLD PRESS FREEDOM (L)
BYLINE=DEBORAH BLOCK
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A NEW REPORT SAYS WORLD PRESS FREEDOM HAS DECLINED IN
MORE THAN 30 COUNTRIES DURING THE PAST YEAR. IT ALSO SAYS THE
NUMBER OF JOURNALISTS WHO HAVE BEEN MURDERED HAS INCREASED. THE
ANNUAL SURVEY WAS TAKEN BY THE NEW YORK-BASED, NON-PROFIT GROUP
FREEDOM HOUSE. IT RATES COUNTRIES IN THREE CATEGORIES -- FREE,
PARTLY FREE, AND NOT FREE. V-O-A'S DEBORAH BLOCK HAS FURTHER
DETAILS FROM WASHINGTON.
TEXT: THE REPORT SAYS THE DECLINE IN PRESS FREEDOM SIGNALS A
DANGEROUS TREND. SURVEY COORDINATOR LEONARD SUSSMAN SAYS HE IS
ESPECIALLY CONCERNED ABOUT POSSIBLE EFFORTS IN WESTERN EUROPE TO
CONTROL JOURNALISTS.
// SUSSMAN ACTUALITY #1 //
IN WESTERN EUROPE, FOR EXAMPLE, ONE FINDS A SOFTENING OF
THE ATTITUDE TOWARD PRESS FREEDOM, LARGELY AS A RESULT
OF THE VARIOUS EFFORTS IN PLACES SUCH AS ITALY, FRANCE
AND SPAIN TO RESPOND TO WHAT THEY REGARD AS
IRRESPONSIBLE JOURNALISM. AND SO THERE'S AN EFFORT BY
GOVERNMENTS TO INFLUENCE OR PRESSURE JOURNALISTS TO BE
"RESPONSIBLE." AND THAT IS SIMPLY ANOTHER CODE WORD FOR
"WE DON'T LIKE WHAT YOU'RE DOING. YOU'VE GOT TO DO IT
OUR WAY."
// END ACTUALITY //
THE SURVEY SAYS HALF OF THE 143 MURDERS OF JOURNALISTS DURING THE
PAST 15 MONTHS OCCURRED IN RWANDA, ALGERIA AND RUSSIA. MR.
SUSSMAN SAYS IN RWANDA JOURNALISTS DIED BOTH BECAUSE THEY WERE
KILLED DURING THE ETHNIC WAR AND BECAUSE THEY WERE TARGETED AS
JOURNALISTS. IN ALGERIA, HE SAID, THE SITUATION IS QUITE
DIFFERENT.
// SUSSMAN ACTUALITY #2 //
IN ALGERIA, WE HAVE THE RELIGIOUS EXTREMISTS WHO ARE
TARGETING JOURNALISTS AND SLAUGHTERING THEM IN THE
MOST GRUESOME WAYS, AND WE ALSO HAVE THE GOVERNMENT
CRACKING DOWN IN TERMS OF RESTRICTIONS ON THEIR
COVERAGE. SO THE ALGERIAN JOURNALIST IS REALLY
CAUGHT ON BOTH ENDS.
// END ACTUALITY //
FREEDOM HOUSE REPORTS IN RUSSIA 14 JOURNALISTS WERE KILLED BY THE
MAFIA. BUT MR. SUSSMAN SAYS, DESPITE THE DANGER TO JOURNALISTS,
RUSSIA'S PRINT MEDIA HAS SHOWN REMARKABLE RESILIANCE.
// SUSSMAN ACTUALITY #3 //
A GREAT VITALITY, A GREAT ABILITY TO TAKE ON THE
GOVERNMENT, PARTICULARLY OVER CHECHNYA. THE TELEVISION
IS STILL PRETTY MUCH UNDER GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE, IF NOT
ABSOLUTE CONTROL OF EVERY PROGRAM. BUT IF WE HAD TO
SIMPLY RATE THE PRINT PRESS IN RUSSIA WE'D RATE IT
PROBABLY AS CLOSE TO FREE AS YOU CAN GET - JUST OVER THE
LINE OF FREE. BUT WHEN WE INCLUDE TELEVISION WE STILL
KEEP IT IN THE PARTLY FREE AREA.
// END ACTUALITY //
THE FREEDOM HOUSE OFFICIAL SAYS THE BIGGEST CRACKDOWN ON PRESS
FREEDOM TOOK PLACE IN GAMBIA AFTER LAST YEAR'S MILITARY COUP. HE
ALSO SAYS THE SURVEY CHANGED NIGERIA'S RATING FROM PARTLY-FREE TO
NOT FREE AS THE MILITARY-LED GOVERNMENT CONTINUES TO INTIMIDATE
THE PRESS.
IN ASIA, INDONESIA, MALAYSIA AND SINGAPORE DROPPED FROM PARTLY
FREE TO NOT FREE. THE SURVEY CITED THE INDONESIAN GOVERNMENT FOR
DETAINING TWO REPORTERS AND THREATENING THEM WITH PRISON FOR
INSULTING THE GOVERNMENT.
IN LATIN AMERICA, THE SURVEY IS CRITICAL OF ARGENTINA'S PRESIDENT
FOR ASKING CONGRESS FOR LEGISLATION THAT WOULD RESTRAIN
INVESTIGATIVE JOURALISM. IN VENEZUELA, THE REPORT SAYS, THE
PRESS HAS BEEN WEAKENED BY CONTROLS IMPOSED BY THE PRESIDENT.
AT THE BOTTOM OF THE WORLD PRESS FREEDOM SURVEY ARE BURMA, CUBA,
NORTH KOREA, TAJIKISTAN AND IRAQ. BUT SEVEN COUNTRIES ARE LISTED
AS HAVING EXPANDED PRESS RIGHTS, INCLUDING GUYANA AND SOUTH
AFRICA. (SIGNED)
NEB/DB/PT
03-May-95 4:07 PM EDT (2007 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.247usisbel,
DATE=5/3/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177896
TITLE=WORLD PRESS FREEDOMS (S)
BYLINE=NICK SIMEONE
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A NEW SURVEY OF PRESS FREEDOMS AROUND THE WORLD HAS FOUND
GREATER RESTRICTIONS ON REPORTERS IN 31 COUNTRIES. BUT THE
REPORT BY THE HUMAN RIGHTS ORGANIZATION FREEDOM HOUSE IS WARNING
OF WHAT IT CALLS A MORE DANGEROUS TREND: A GENERAL CRUMBLING OF
TRADITIONAL PRESS FREEDOMS IN WESTERN EUROPE. WE GET DETAILS
FROM V-O-A'S NICK SIMEONE.
TEXT: FREEDOM HOUSE FOUND MORE THAN HALF OF THE 143 REPORTED
KILLINGS OF JOURNALISTS DURING THE PAST 15 MONTHS WERE IN JUST
THREE COUNTRIES: ALGERIA, RWANDA AND RUSSIA.
THE SURVEY FOUND THE MOST SEVERE MEDIA RESTRICTIONS IN BURMA,
CUBA, NORTH KOREA, TAJIKISTAN AND IRAQ.
IN AFRICA, MILITARY GOVERNMENTS IN GAMBIA AND NIGERIA TIGHTENED
RESTRICTIONS ON JOURNALISTS. HOWEVER, IMPROVEMENTS WERE FOUND IN
DJIBOUTI, ETHIOPIA, MOZAMBIQUE AND UGANDA.
THE REPORT'S AUTHOR LEONARD SUSSMAN SAYS THE MOST UNSETTLING
TREND MAY BE IN WHAT HE DESCRIBES AS AN EXPANSION OF RESTRICTIONS
TOWARD JOURNALISTS IN WESTERN EUROPE, WHERE A FREE PRESS IS TAKEN
FOR GRANTED.
// SUSSMAN ACT //
THE EFFORT TO INSIST -- BY GOVERNMENT EDICT OR
GOVERNMENT INFLUENCE OR PRESSURE OR JUST BY OTHER FORMS
OF PERSUASION -- TO MAKE JOURNALISTS QUOTE "RESPONSIBLE"
UNQUOTE IS SIMPLY ANOTHER CODE WORD FOR (GOVERNMENTS)
SAYING, "WE DON'T LIKE WHAT YOU'RE DOING. YOU'VE GOT TO
DO IT OUR WAY."
// END ACT //
AS AN EXAMPLE, THE REPORT CITES A REQUEST BY THE 33-NATION
COUNCIL OF EUROPE ASKING JOURNALISTS TO COME UP WITH A
SELF-IMPOSED CODE OF CONDUCT, A MOVE FREEDOM HOUSE VIEWS AS AN
EFFORT TO CURTAIL THE REPORTING OF NEWS UNFLATTERING TO
GOVERNMENTS. (SIGNED)
NEB/NJS/MMK
03-May-95 2:06 PM EDT (1806 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.248usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177939
TITLE=CROAT SITREP (S)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-N OFFICIALS IN CROATIA HAVE EXPRESSED CONCERN ABOUT THE
FATE OF SIX THOUSAND CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS STILL IN AN AREA OF
WESTERN SLAVONIA JUST RECAPTURED BY THE CROATIAN ARMY. DAVID
FOLEY REPORTS FOR VOA NEWS FROM ZAGREB.
TEXT: U-N OFFICIALS SAY THEY ARE BEING DENIED ACCESS TO ABOUT
SIX THOUSAND CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS AND THEY ARE VERY WORRIED
ABOUT THEIR CONDITION. THE OFFICIALS ALSO SAY THEY CAN NOT
CHECK THE SAFETY OF ROADS THAT ARE TO BE USED FOR A
U-N-SUPERVISED EVACUATION OF CROATIAN SERB SOLDIERS AND CIVILIANS
DUE TO BEGIN FRIDAY.
U-N OFFICIALS SAY THE SURRENDER OF WEAPONS BY THE REBEL CROATIAN
SERBS -- ANOTHER PART OF THE CEASEFIRE AGREEMENT -- IS PROCEEDING
SMOOTHLY. BUT THEY HAVE ALSO CONFIRMED WIDESPREAD LOOTING BY THE
CROATIAN ARMY OF THE CAPTURED CROATIAN SERB TOWN OF OKUCANI.
MEANWHILE IN ZAGREB THE GOVERNMENT SAYS A TOTAL OF SIX PEOPLE
WERE KILLED AND 200 WERE WOUNDED BY CROATIAN SERB ROCKET ATTACKS
ON THE CAPITAL IN THE LAST TWO DAYS.
THE STREETS ARE UNUSUALLY QUIET TODAY, AS NERVOUS CITIZENS HOPE
THE CEASEFIRE HOLDS. THE GOVERNMENT HAS PROMISED A STRONG
RESPONSE TO ANY RENEWED ROCKET ATTACKS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/MH/GPT
04-May-95 7:56 AM EDT (1156 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.249usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177967
TITLE=CROATIA FIGHTING (S-UPDATE)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
// PRODUCERS -- CUT SENTENCE IN GRAF 2 //
INTRO: REBEL CROATIAN SERB FORCES ARE SURRENDERING, AFTER
FIGHTING THURSDAY WITH THE CROATIAN ARMY TROOPS IN WESTERN
SLAVONIA. THE FIGHTING CAME LESS THAN 24 HOURS AFTER BOTH SIDES
VERBALLY AGREED TO A NEW CEASE-FIRE. INTERNATIONAL MEDIATORS ARE
ARRANGING TALKS BETWEEN CROATIAN GOVERNMENT AND SERB LEADERS IN
AN EFFORT TO EASE TENSIONS. DAVID FOLEY REPORTS FOR V-O-A NEWS
IN ZAGREB.
TEXT: UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS SAY FIERCE FIGHTING INCLUDING
TANK AND ARTILLERY FIRE OCCURRED BETWEEN CROATIAN ARMY UNITS AND
CROATIAN-SERB SOLDIERS OUTSIDE THE TOWN OF PAKRAC, NEAR WHERE THE
CROATIAN ARMY SEIZED CONTROL OF A MAIN HIGHWAY EARLIER THIS WEEK.
THE FIGHTING CAME AS U-N OFFICIALS WERE WORKING TO EVACUATE UP TO
SIX THOUSAND CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS INTO NORTHERN BOSNIA.
ACCORDING TO U-N OFFICIALS 800 CROATIAN SOLDIERS ALONG WITH TANKS
HAD SURROUNDED 18 U-N OBSERVATION POST INSIDE THE DEMILITARIZED
ZONE SEPARATING THE TWO SIDES IN SOUTHERN CROATIA, AND BOTH SIDES
HAVE MOVED HUNDREDS OF TROOPS TO THE CONFRONTATION LINE IN
EASTERN SLOVONIA.
THE U-N SPOKESMAN CHRIS GUNNESS SAID THE U-N IS EXTREMELY
WORRIED ABOUT THESE DEVELOPMENTS AND IS TRYING TO MEDIATE BETWEEN
THE TWO SIDES BEFORE A WIDER CONFLICT BREAKS OUT. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/T-BP/MMK
04-May-95 2:56 PM EDT (1856 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.250usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177952
TITLE=EU/CROATIA (S)
BYLINE=JOHN FRASER
DATELINE=BRUSSELS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE 15-NATION EUROPEAN UNION HAS ISSUED A STATEMENT
EXPRESSING DEEP CONCERN AT THE RENEWED HOSTILITIES IN CROATIA.
THE STATEMENT WARNS THAT IMPROVEMENTS IN TRADE RELATIONS MAY BE
PUT AT RISK IF THE VIOLENCE CONTINUES. JOHN FRASER REPORTS FOR
VOA NEWS FROM BRUSSELS.
TEXT: THE 15 EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENTS ARE DEEPLY WORRIED AT
THE RECENT FLARE UP IN FIGHTING IN CROATIA. THEY HAVE EXPRESSED
PARTICULAR CONCERN ABOUT ATTACKS ON CIVILIAN POPULATIONS.
THE E-U GOVERNMENTS SAY THEY DEPLORE THE CROATIAN ATTACK ON
SERB-HELD TERRITORY IN WESTERN SLOVENIA. THE STATEMENT CALLS FOR
AN IMMEDIATE HALT IN MILITARY ACTIVITIES, AND EXPRESSES FULL
SUPPORT FOR EFFORTS BY THE UNITED NATIONS TO MEDIATE BETWEEN THE
WARRING FACTIONS. IT NOTES THAT EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENTS AGREED
LAST MONTH TO OPEN TRADE NEGOTIATIONS WITH CROATIA.
HOWEVER, THE STATEMENT CONTAINS THE WARNING THAT ANY NEW TRADE
RELATIONSHIP WILL BE THREATENED IF THE CROATIAN AUTHORITIES
UNDERMINE THE PEACE PROCESS. THE STATMENT ALSO CONDEMNS THE
ACTIVITIES OF SERB FORCES IN ATTACKING ZAGREB, AND IN TAKING
HOSTAGE UNITED NATIONS PERSONNEL. IT CALLS FOR THE IMMEDIATE
RELEASE OF THE UNITED NATIONS HOSTAGES, AND AN END TO THE
BOMBARDMENTS OF THE CROATIAN CAPITAL. (SIGNED)
NEB/JF/MH/GPT
04-May-95 11:57 AM EDT (1557 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.251usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177950
TITLE= YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE= DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE= GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: FRESH FIGHTING ERUPTED IN CROATIA THURSDAY, WITH
GOVERNMENT TROOPS BATTLING SERB REBELS SOUTHEAST OF ZAGREB
DESPITE A U-N BROKERED CEASE-FIRE. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS
REPORTS THE RENEWED WARFARE CAME AFTER THE TWO SIDES AGREED TO
ATTEND PEACE TALKS IN GENEVA.
TEXT: U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI ANNOUNCED THE CEASE-FIRE LATE
WEDNESDAY. BUT HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HE HAD OBTAINED ONLY VERBAL
COMMITMENTS FROM CROATIAN AND SERB LEADERS TO ADHERE TO THE
TRUCE.
CROATIA'S DEFENSE MINISTER GOJKO SUSAK TOLD PARLIAMENT EARLY
THURSDAY THERE WERE CLASHES OVERNIGHT IN THE WESTERN SLAVONIA
REGION, LARGELY OVER-RUN BY ZAGREB GOVERNMENT FORCES IN A
LIGHTENING OFFENSIVE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WEEK.
NEWS AGENCIES LATER REPORTED HEAVY FIGHTING IN AND AROUND THE
TOWN OF PAKRAC, AT THE NORTHERN END OF THE DISTRICT.
THE BULK OF SERB FORCES IN THE REGION HAVE EITHER ALREADY FLED OR
HAVE AGREED TO SURRENDER THEIR WEAPONS AND LEAVE UNDER U-N
ESCORT. BUT U-N OFFICIALS SAY 200 TO 300 REBELS HAVE VOWED TO
FIGHT ON.
TENSIONS ARE CONTINUING TO RUN HIGH ELSEWHERE IN CROATIA. U-N
OFFICIALS REPORTED THAT GOVERNMENT TROOPS HAVE MOVED INTO BUFFER
ZONES AROUND OTHER REBEL STRONGHOLDS.
THE ZAGREB GOVERNMENT SAYS IT HAS NO PLANS FOR FURTHER MILITARY
OPERATIONS. BUT PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN HAS THREATENED WHAT HE
CALLED ENERGETIC RETALIATION IF THERE ARE ANY MORE SERB ROCKET
ATTACKS ON ZAGREB OR OTHER CITIES.
AT LEAST SIX CIVILIANS WERE KILLED AND NEARLY 200 WOUNDED IN TWO
SUCCESSIVE DAYS OF ROCKET ATTACKS ON THE CAPITAL.
AIR RAID SIRENS WERE HEARD IN THE CITY SHORTLY AFTER NOON
THURSDAY, SENDING PEOPLE SCURRYING FOR SHELTERS. BUT THERE WERE
NO REPORTS OF FURTHER EXPLOSIONS.
AS U-N OFFICIALS ATTEMPTED TO RESTORE THE CEASE-FIRE, THE ZAGREB
GOVERNMENT AND SERB LEADERS ACCEPTED AN INVITATION TO PEACE TALKS
HERE IN GENEVA, CO-SPONSORED BY THE U-N AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.
U-N AND EUROPEAN MEDIATORS HAD HOPED TO BEGIN THE NEGOTIATIONS ON
FRIDAY. BUT A BRIEF STATEMENT ISSUED HERE INDICATED THAT NO
DATE FOR THE MEETING HAS YET BEEN AGREED.
LORD DAVID OWEN, THE EUROPEAN MEDIATOR, TOLD REPORTERS THERE WILL
BE NO FIXED AGENDA FOR THE TALKS. POLITICAL, MILITARY AND
ECONOMIC ISSUES CAN BE DISCUSSED, HE ADDED, WITH THE AIM OF
REACHING AN OVER-ALL SETTLEMENT TO THE FOUR YEAR OLD
CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CROATIA AND ITS ETHNIC SERB MINORITY
(SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
04-May-95 11:25 AM EDT (1525 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.252usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177943
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT AND REBEL SERB LEADERS HAVE
ACCEPTED A PROPOSAL FOR PEACE TALKS, CO-SPONSORED BY THE UNITED
NATIONS AND THE EUROPEAN UNION. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS REPORTS
NO DATE HAS YET BEEN SET FOR THE NEGOTIATIONS WHICH WILL BE HELD
IN GENEVA.
TEXT: A BRIEF STATEMENT FROM THE U-N AND EUROPEAN MEDIATORS
HERE THURSDAY CONFIRMED THAT BOTH THE ZAGREB GOVERNMENT AND THE
REBEL SERB LEADERSHIP IN CROATIA HAVE AGREED TO ATTEND THE
NEGOTIATIONS.
THE MEDIATORS HAD SUGGESTED THAT THE TALKS BEGIN HERE ON FRIDAY.
BUT THURSDAY'S STATEMENT SAID A DATE FOR THE MEETING HAS NOT YET
BEEN SET.
LORD DAVID OWEN, THE EUROPEAN UNION MEDIATOR, TOLD REPORTERS
THERE WILL BE NO FIXED AGENDA FOR THE NEGOTIATIONS. POLITICAL,
ECONOMIC AND MILITARY ISSUES CAN BE DISCUSSED, HE ADDED, WITH THE
GOAL OF REACHING AN OVER-ALL SETTLEMENT OF THE FOUR YEAR
CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CROATIA AND ITS ETHNIC SERB MINORITY.
THAT CONFRONTATION FLARED ANEW AT THE BEGINNING OF THIS WEEK WHEN
CROATIAN TROOPS OVER-RAN ONE OF FOUR REBEL STRONGHOLDS. THE
SERBS RETALIATED WITH TWO DAYS OF ROCKET ATTACKS ON ZAGREB THAT
KILLED AT LEAST SIX PEOPLE AND WOUNDED ABOUT 200 OTHERS.
PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJAN HAS THREATENED RETALIATION IF THERE ARE
ANY FURTHER ROCKET ATTACKS ON THE CAPITAL OR OTHER CITIES.
CROATIA WAS REPORTED CALM EARLY THURSDAY, WITH BOTH SIDES
APPARENTLY RESPECTING A U-N BROKERED CEASEFIRE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH
04-May-95 8:02 AM EDT (1202 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.253usisbel,
DATE=5/4/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-177956
TITLE=YUGO SITREP UPDATE (L)
BYLINE=DOUGLAS ROBERTS
DATELINE=GENEVA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THERE WAS A NEW OUTBREAK OF FIGHTING IN CROATIA THURSDAY,
AS GOVERNMENT TROOPS BATTLED SERB REBELS SOUTHEAST OF ZAGREB
DESPITE A U-N BROKERED CEASE-FIRE. V-O-A'S DOUGLAS ROBERTS
REPORTS THE RENEWED WARFARE CAME AFTER THE TWO SIDES AGREED TO
ATTEND PEACE TALKS IN GENEVA.
TEXT: U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI ANNOUNCED THE CEASE-FIRE LATE
WEDNESDAY. BUT HE ACKNOWLEDGED THAT HE HAD OBTAINED ONLY VERBAL
COMMITMENTS FROM CROATIAN AND SERB LEADERS TO ADHERE TO THE
TRUCE.
CROATIA'S DEFENSE MINISTER GOJKO SUSAK TOLD PARLIAMENT EARLY
THURSDAY THERE WERE CLASHES OVERNIGHT IN THE WESTERN SLAVONIA
REGION, LARGELY OVER-RUN BY ZAGREB GOVERNMENT FORCES IN A
LIGHTENING OFFENSIVE AT THE BEGINNING OF THE WEEK.
LATER THURSDAY, HEAVY FIGHTING ERUPTED IN AND AROUND THE TOWN OF
PAKRAC, AT THE NORTHERN END OF THE DISTRICT.
THE BULK OF SERB FORCES IN THE TOWN HAD EITHER ALREADY FLED OR
HAD AGREED TO SURRENDER THEIR WEAPONS AND LEAVE UNDER U-N ESCORT.
BUT U-N OFFICIALS SAID 200 TO 300 REBELS HAD VOWED TO FIGHT ON.
AFTER SEVERAL HOURS OF ARTILLERY AND TANK FIRE IN PAKRAC, ZAGREB
RADIO SAID THE REMAINING REBELS HAD ALSO AGREED TO LAY DOWN THEIR
ARMS.
BUT TENSIONS ARE CONTINUING TO RUN HIGH ELSEWHERE IN CROATIA.
SERB LEADER MILAN MARTIC WARNED OF MORE FIGHTING UNLESS CROATIAN
TROOPS WITHDRAW FROM NEWLY CAPTURED TERRITORY.
U-N OFFICIALS REPORTED THAT GOVERNMENT FORCES HAVE MOVED INTO
BUFFER ZONES AROUND OTHER REBEL STRONGHOLDS.
THE ZAGREB GOVERNMENT SAYS IT HAS NO PLANS FOR FURTHER MILITARY
OPERATIONS. BUT PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN HAS THREATENED WHAT HE
CALLED ENERGETIC RETALIATION IF THERE ARE ANY MORE SERB ROCKET
ATTACKS ON ZAGREB OR OTHER CITIES.
AT LEAST SIX CIVILIANS WERE KILLED AND WELL OVER ONE HUNDRED
WOUNDED IN TWO SUCCESSIVE DAYS OF ROCKET ATTACKS ON THE CAPITAL.
AIR RAID SIRENS WERE HEARD IN THE CITY AGAIN THURSDAY, SENDING
PEOPLE SCURRYING FOR SHELTERS. BUT THERE WERE NO REPORTS OF
FURTHER EXPLOSIONS.
AS U-N OFFICIALS ATTEMPTED TO RESTORE THE CEASE-FIRE, THE ZAGREB
GOVERNMENT AND SERB LEADERS ACCEPTED AN INVITATION TO PEACE TALKS
HERE IN GENEVA, CO-SPONSORED BY THE U-N AND THE EUROPEAN UNION.
U-N AND EUROPEAN MEDIATORS HAD HOPED TO BEGIN THE NEGOTIATIONS ON
FRIDAY. BUT A BRIEF STATEMENT ISSUED HERE INDICATED THAT NO
DATE FOR THE MEETING HAS YET BEEN AGREED.
LORD DAVID OWEN, THE EUROPEAN MEDIATOR, TOLD REPORTERS THERE WILL
BE NO FIXED AGENDA FOR THE TALKS. POLITICAL, MILITARY AND
ECONOMIC ISSUES CAN BE DISCUSSED, HE ADDED, WITH THE AIM OF
REACHING AN OVER-ALL SETTLEMENT TO THE FOUR YEAR OLD
CONFRONTATION BETWEEN CROATIA AND ITS ETHNIC SERB MINORITY.
(SIGNED)
NEB/DBR/MH/MMK
04-May-95 1:23 PM EDT (1723 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.254usisbel,
DATE=5/6/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178048
TITLE=CROATIA SITREP (S ONLY)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAS REFUSED TO PERMIT A UNITED
NATIONS AID CONVOY TO REACH CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS WHO FLED INTO
NORTHERN BOSNIA EARLIER THIS WEEK, AND THE UNITED NATIONS SAYS
THE CROATIAN ARMY HAS LOOTED U-N POSITIONS IN WESTERN SLAVONIA.
DAVID FOLEY REPORTS FROM ZAGREB.
TEXT: THE U-N AID CONVOY WAS TRYING TO CROSS THE SAVA RIVER
BRIDGE FROM CROATIA INTO SERB-HELD NORTHERN BOSNIA TO REACH
THOUSANDS OF CROATIAN SERB CIVILIANS WHO FLED FROM A CROATIAN
ARMY ATTACK LAST MONDAY.
U-N OFFICIALS SAY CROATIAN MILITARY COMMANDERS SAID THE BRIDGE
WAS HEAVILY MINED AND REFUSED TO ALLOW THE CONVOY TO CROSS.
U-N OFFICIALS ALSO COMPLAINED THAT CROATIAN ARMY UNIT HAD LOOTED
A NUMBER OF U-N POSITIONS IN THE WAKE OF THE ATTACK IN WESTERN
SLAVONIA. THE OFFICIALS SAID ALONG WITH SMALL ARMS AND
AMMUNITION, MANY CARS AND JEEPS AND AN AMORED PERSONNEL CARRIER
WERE TAKEN.
TENSIONS ALONG THE BORDER REMAIN VERY HIGH, AND U-N OFFICIALS
OFFICIALS SAY THE CROATIAN SERBS HAVE EVACUATED THOUSANDS OF
WOMEN AND CHILDREN FROM FRONTLINE VILLAGES IN EASTERN CROATIA
AFTER CROATIAN ARMY UNITS CROSSED A MAIN RIVER THAT SEPARATES THE
TWO SIDES. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/DW/CF
06-May-95 3:15 PM EDT (1915 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.255usisbel,
DATE=5/7/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178081
TITLE=EX-YUGO SITREP (S ONLY)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=ZAGREB
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AT LEAST EIGHT PEOPLE WERE KILLED IN SARAJEVO SUNDAY AS
THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL CAME UNDER ITS HEAVIEST SHELLING ATTACK THIS
YEAR. DAVID FOLEY ALSO REPORTS FROM ZAGREB THAT UNITED NATIONS
OFFICIALS IN CROATIA HAVE LAUNCHED AN INVESTIGATION INTO REPORTS
THAT CROATIAN-SERB CIVILIANS WERE KILLED AS THEY FLED FROM A
CROATIAN ARMY ATTACK LAST WEEK
TEXT: HEAVY SHELLS LANDED IN A CROWDED MARKET AREA NEAR THE
SARAJEVO AIRPORT. A NUMBER OF INJURED WERE RUSHED TO HOSPITALS
AND THE GOVERNMENT SARAJEVO SAYS THE ATTACK WAS A CLEAR VIOLATION
OF THE U-N AGREEMENT PROHIBITING HEAVY WEAPONS CLOSE TO THE CITY.
REPORTS ARE THAT THE BOMBS FELL CLOSE A TUNNEL UNDER THE CITY'S
AIRPORT. THE TUNNEL IS USED AS A KEY SUPPLY ROUTE INTO THE
BESIEGED CITY.
IN CROATIA, A SENIOR U-N GENERAL HAS GONE TO WESTERN SLAVONIA TO
INVESTIGATE CLAIMS BY CROATIAN-SERB CIVILIAN REFUGEES THAT
CROATIAN ARMY TROOPS ATTACKED THEM WITH ARTILLERY AND SNIPER FIRE
AS THEY FLED INTO NORTHERN BOSNIA EARLY LAST WEEK.
U-N OFFICIALS SAY REPORTS FROM MORE THAN A HUNDRED OF THE
REFUGEES ARE BELIEVED TO BE RELIABLE. AND THE OFFICIALS SAY THE
CROATIAN ARMY HAS SO FAR PREVENTED THEM FROM REACHING THE AREA TO
CHECK ON THE CLAIMS.
THE CROATIAN GOVERNMENT HAD LAUNCHED A MEDIA CAMPAIGN TO CONVINCE
REMAINING REBEL SERBS THAT THEY WOULD BE WELL TREATED IN CROATIA.
THE GOVERNMENT HAS REACTED ANGRILY TO THE U-N ALLEGATIONS, BUT
UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS SAY THEY "ARE NOT BACKING DOWN AN
INCH" (ONE BIT) IN THE DISPUTE.
TENSIONS ON CROATIA'S BORDERS ARE STILL HIGH, BUT U-N OFFICIALS
NOW DESCRIBE CONDITIONS AS STABLE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DF/DW/MMK
07-May-95 2:41 PM EDT (1841 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.256usisbel,
DATE=5/7/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178086
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS HAS BLAMED THE BOSNIAN SERBS FOR
SHELLING ATTACKS THAT KILLED AT LEAST NINE PEOPLE AND WOUNDED
MANY OTHERS IN A SARAJEVO SUBURB. MEANWHILE, THERE ARE GROWING
SIGNS THAT MANY CIVILIANS WERE KILLED IN CROATIA DURING A
CROATIAN ARMY ATTACK ON A SERB-HELD REGION LAST WEEK. V-O-A'S
CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS FROM VIENNA.
TEXT: HEAVY MORTAR ROUNDS EXPLODED IN A SARAJEVO SUBURB NEAR THE
BOSNIAN CAPITAL'S AIRPORT AND, LATER, IN THE CITY ITSELF.
MANY OF THE DEAD OR WOUNDED IN THE GOVERNMENT-HELD SUBURB OF
BUTMIR WERE BELIEVED TO BE BOSNIAN ARMY SOLDIERS. IT WAS THE
DEADLIEST ATTACK OF ITS KIND SINCE A OPEN-AIR MARKET IN SARAJEVO
WAS SHELLED LAST YEAR.
THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND IN THE CITY SAYS THE SHELLING ON
SUNDAY WAS LAUNCHED FROM BOSNIAN SERB POSITIONS. THE SERB'S USE
OF HEAVY MORTARS VIOLATED THE HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE IN THE
AREA.
THE MUSLIM-LED BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAS CALLED ON THE MAJOR POWERS
TO STOP SERB SHELLING ATTACKS ON SARAJEVO OR TO LIFT THE ARMS
EMBARGO AGAINST BOSNIA SO THE MUSLIMS CAN DEFEND THEMSELVES.
BOSNIAN PRESIDENT ALIJA IZETBEGOVIC HAS ASKED U-N
SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS GHALI AND NATO
SECRETARY-GENERAL WILLY CLAES TO ENFORCE U-N RESOLUTIONS ON
BOSNIA.
MR. IZETBEGOVIC WAS REFERRING TO THE U-N SECURITY COUNCIL'S
DESIGNATION OF SARAJEVO AND OTHER MUSLIM ENCLAVES AS SAFE AREAS
WHERE CIVILIANS ARE TO BE PROTECTED.
IF THE RESOLUTIONS ARE VALID, THE BOSNIAN PRESIDENT SAYS THE
UNITED NATIONS AND NATO SHOULD DO SOMETHING. IF THE RESOLUTIONS
ARE NO LONGER VALID, HE SAYS THE UNITED NATIONS AND NATO SHOULD
ADMIT IT.
MEANWHILE, IN CROATIA, THERE ARE GROWING INDICATIONS THAT A
NUMBER OF SERB CIVILIANS WERE KILLED, POSSIBLY BECAUSE THEY WERE
CAUGHT IN A CROSS-FIRE, WHEN THE CROATIAN ARMY ATTACKED THE
SERB-HELD REGION OF WESTERN SLAVONIA LAST WEEK.
THE COMMANDER OF NEPALESE SOLDIERS OF THE U-N PEACE-KEEPING FORCE
IN CROATIA SAYS A COLUMN OF CIVILIANS, FLEEING FROM A VILLAGE,
WAS SHELLED OR RAKED BY GUNFIRE WHEN THE CROATIAN ARMY BEGAN ITS
ASSAULT.
THE COMMANDER SAYS SERB GUNNERS WERE FIRING FROM THE VILLAGE AT
THE TIME SO CROATIAN FORCES MUST HAVE TARGETED THE AREA TO
COUNTER THAT SHOOTING.
SERB CIVILIANS, WHO FLED TO SAFETY, HAVE ACCUSED THE CROATIAN
ARMY OF CARRYING OUT A DELIBERATE MASSACRE. THE CROATIAN
GOVERNMENT ANGRILY DENIES THAT.
PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN HAS ASSURED THE UNITED STATES, BRITAIN
AND GERMANY THAT NO MORE MILITARY OFFENSIVES ARE PLANNED AGAINST
THE REMAINING SERB-HELD TERRITORY IN CROATIA.
HIS GOVERNMENT IS TRYING TO DEMONSTRATE THAT CAPTURED SERB
SOLDIERS AND SERB CIVILIANS IN THE REGION, NOW BACK IN GOVERNMENT
HANDS, ARE BEING WELL-TREATED. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/LWM
07-May-95 6:19 PM EDT (2219 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.257usisbel,
DATE=5/9/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178184
TITLE=CIGARETTE LABELS (L-ONLY)
BYLINE=MICHELE KELEMEN
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S AND CANADIAN HEALTH ORGANIZATIONS HAVE JOINED
TOGETHER TO CALL FOR STRONGER TOBACCO WARNINGS ON CIGARETTE
PACKAGE LABELS IN THE UNITED STATES. AS V-O-A'S MICHELE KELEMEN
REPORTS, THEY CHARGE THAT AMERICAN TOBACCO COMPANIES ARE GIVING
DIFFERENT MESSAGES TO YOUNG AMERICANS THAN THEY ARE GIVING TO
YOUNG PEOPLE ABROAD.
TEXT: A LAW IN CANADA REQUIRES CIGARETTE COMPANIES TO PRINT
LARGE BLACK AND WHITE WARNINGS ON THE FRONT OF THEIR PACKAGES
ABOUT THE DANGERS OF ADDICTION AND OF DEATH FROM TOBACCO SMOKE.
THEY READ "SMOKING CAN KILL YOU" OR "CIGARETTES ARE ADDICTIVE."
IN CONTRAST, U-S LABELS ARE IN SMALL PRINT ON THE SIDE OF A
PACKAGE -- OFTEN WRITTEN IN THE SAME COLORS AS THE PACKAGE
ITSELF. ONE READS "SMOKING BY PREGNANT WOMEN MAY RESULT IN FETAL
INJURY, PREMATURE BIRTH AND LOW BIRTH WEIGHT."
GARFIELD MAHOOD -- WHOSE NON-SMOKERS' RIGHTS ASSOCIATION LED THE
CAMPAIGN FOR THE TOUGH LABEL LAWS IN CANADA -- SAYS PEOPLE MUST
HAVE CLEAR INFORMATION BEFORE THEY DECIDE WHETHER TO SMOKE.
// MAHOOD ACT //
IF YOU HAVE FREEDOM OF CHOICE -- WHICH THE INDUSTRY
LIKES TO HANG ON -- THEN YOU HAVE TO HAVE INFORMED
CONSENT. AND WHAT THE SUPERIOR WARNING SYSTEM DOES, IT
GIVES PEOPLE THE OPPORTUNITY TO HAVE THE KNOWLEDGE BASE
ON WHICH TO COME CLOSER TO THE CONCEPT OF INFORMED
CONSENT. WHEN IT COMES TO THAT THERE IS OBVIOUSLY A
DOUBLE STANDARD IN OPERATION HERE. WE ARE TALKING ABOUT
GIVING YOUTHS FREEDOM TO MAKE AN INFORMED CHOICE, BUT
AMERICAN KIDS CLEARLY HAVE THEIR HANDS TIED BEHIND THEIR
BACKS.
// END ACT //
MR. MAHOOD SAYS THAILAND, AUSTRALIA AND SINGAPORE HAVE FOLLOWED
CANADA'S LEAD WITH STRONG WARNING LABELS AND HE SAYS THERE WAS
SOME INTEREST IN THIS IN POLAND, WHERE HE RECENTLY GAVE A TALK.
HE SAYS THERE HAS BEEN NO CLEAR RESEARCH TO PROVE THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF THE LABELS, BUT SAYS RECENT STUDIES SHOW ONE
THING IS CLEAR -- PEOPLE IN THE UNITED STATES AND MANY OTHER
COUNTRIES STILL DO NOT KNOW MUCH ABOUT THE HAZARDS OF SMOKING.
TOM LAURIE OF THE TOBACCO INSTITUTE IN WASHINGTON DISAGREES.
// LAURIE ACT //
I DON'T THINK THERE ARE ANY AMERICANS WHO ARE UNAWARE OF
THE HEALTH RISKS LINKED TO SMOKING NOR THE SURGEON
GENERAL'S CONCERNS ABOUT SMOKING. WE DON'T THINK NEW
WARNING LABELS ARE NECESSARY BECAUSE THE OLD WARNING
LABELS ARE BOTH VERY FAMOUS, VERY WELL KNOWN AND HAVE BY
THEMSELVES BEEN CITED AS REDUCING CIGARETTE SMOKING BY
AS MUCH AS 50 PERCENT IN THE UNITED STATES.
// END ACT //
MR. LAURIE SAYS STUDIES SHOW THAT BY THE TIME YOUNG PEOPLE REACH
SEVENTH GRADE THEY ARE AWARE OF THE RISKS OF SMOKING. STILL, THE
AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION, WHICH IS ALSO PUSHING FOR STRONGER
LABELS AND OTHER MEASURES, WARNS THAT THREE THOUSAND CHILDREN IN
THE UNITED STATES TRY SMOKING EACH DAY. THE ORGANIZATION ADDS
THAT TOBACCO USE IS ONE OF THE LEADING CAUSES OF DEATH IN
AMERICA.
// REST OPT //
SCOTT BALLIN -- WHO CHAIRS THE COALITION ON SMOKING OR HEALTH --
SAYS REPUBLICANS AND DEMOCRATS ALIKE SHOULD BE WORRIED ABOUT
THESE STATISTICS. HE SAYS HE KNOWS THE TOBACCO INDUSTRY WILL
LOBBY HARD AGAINST NEW WARNING LABELS AND OTHER RESTRICTIONS, BUT
SAYS HIS SIDE IS READY FOR A FIGHT ON CAPITOL HILL. (SIGNED)
NEB/MK/GPT
09-May-95 1:16 PM EDT (1716 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.258usisbel,
DATE=5-9-95
TYPE=CURRENT AFFAIRS FEATURE
NUMBER=3-21859
TITLE=CIVIL WAR DRAFT RIOTS (L)
BYLINE=MIKE JOYCE
TELEPHONE=
DATELINE=CHICAGO
EDITOR=FRANCUCH/ SWANEY
CONTENT= (INSERTS IN AUDIO SERVICES)
(ED. NOTE: THERE ARE TWO COMPANION PIECES TO THIS SPOT -- "IRISH
IMMIGRATION TO U-S" AND "AUTHOR ON HISTORICAL NOVELS." ALL THREE
ISSUED ON THE SAME DAY.
INTRO: THE DEADLIEST RIOTS IN U-S HISTORY OCCURRED IN NEW YORK
CITY DURING THE TIME OF THE U-S CIVIL WAR (1861-65). MOST OF THE
RIOTERS WERE IMPOVERISHED IRISH IMMIGRANTS AND, IRONICALLY, THEIR
MAIN TARGETS WERE THE CITY'S EQUALLY IMPOVERISHED
AFRICAN-AMERICANS. THE EVENT IS THE SUBJECT OF AN HISTORICAL
NOVEL CALLED "BANISHED CHILDREN OF EVE," PUBLISHED RECENTLY IN
PAPERBACK BY THE PENGUIN GROUP. VOA'S MIKE JOYCE SPOKE WITH THE
BOOK'S AUTHOR, PETER QUINN, AND HAS DETAILS.
TEXT: THE UNION ARMY OF THE NORTH NEEDED SOLDIERS IN 1863 BUT
COULD NOT RECRUIT ENOUGH TO FILL ITS RANKS. THAT FORCED THE
FEDERAL GOVERNMENT TO BEGIN CONSCRIPTING, OR DRAFTING, MEN INTO
THE ARMY. THOSE SELECTED, HOWEVER, WERE ALLOWED TO BUY THEIR WAY
OUT OF THE DRAFT FOR 300 DOLLARS. THIS SUM WAS EQUAL TO A YEAR'S
INCOME FOR THE NATION'S POOREST LABORERS. THE INEQUITY INFURIATED
THE LARGE NUMBER OF RECENT IRISH IMMIGRANTS IN NEW YORK CITY,
BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT AFFORD TO BUY THEIR WAY OUT OF THE DRAFT.
WRITER PETER QUINN SAYS THESE IMMIGRANTS ALSO BELIEVED THAT WHEN
THE UNION FINALLY WON THE WAR, NEWLY FREED SLAVES WOULD TAKE
THEIR JOBS BY WORKING FOR LESS MONEY.
TAPE: CUT ONE -- QUINN (:18)
"YOU KNOW, ALL THESE PEOPLE IN THE 18(60S), THEY ARE ALL
SCRAMBLING TO GET OUT OF POVERTY. AND THAT'S NEVER A PRETTY
SIGHT, WHEN YOU ARE RIGHT UP AGAINST IT. IT IS NOT. THERE IS
NOTHING GENTEEL ABOUT IT. THERE IS NOTHING REFINED ABOUT IT. THIS
IS NEW YORK IN THE 1860S, WHERE A LOT OF POOR PEOPLE, IN A SMALL
SPACE, (WERE) TRYING TO GET OUT OF IT."
///OPT///
TEXT: ONE OF THE STRENGTHS OF PETER QUINN'S BOOK IS ITS ATTENTION
TO THE HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND THE BOOK'S DESCRIPTION OF THE CITY
DURING THE VARIOUS PERIODS THAT THE "BANISHED CHILDREN OF EVE"
ADDRESSES.
TAPE: CUT TWO -- QUINN (:18)
"I SAY TO PEOPLE ALL THE TIME, 'IF YOU WANT TO SEE NEW YORK IN
1850, GO TO (SEE) RIO DE JANEIRO (TODAY). YOU HAVE THE SHANTY
TOWNS, WHICH IS WHAT HAPPENED IN NEW YORK. YOU DIDN'T HAVE A
HOMELESS POPULATION BECAUSE PEOPLE COULD BUILD SHANTY TOWNS. WHAT
YOU DID HAVE WAS, ONE OF THE GREAT PROBLEMS, ABANDONED CHILDREN.
THESE WERE THE REAL ARMIES OF THE STREETS."
///END OPT///
TEXT: THE DRAFT RIOTS STARTED SHORTLY AFTER CONSCRIPTION BEGAN IN
JULY OF 1863. FOUR DAYS OF EXTENSIVE LOOTING AND ARSON ENSUED,
PUNCTUATED BY VIOLENCE. MOBS ATTACKED BLACKS, THE POLICE AND THE
RICH. THE DISORDER ENDED ONLY WHEN FEDERAL TROOPS ARRIVED TO AID
THE POLICE.
IT IS IRONIC THAT THE MOB OF MOSTLY IRISH IMMIGRANTS TARGETED NEW
YORK CITY'S BLACK CITIZENS DURING THE RIOTS, BECAUSE AS PETER
QUINN OBSERVES, THE TWO GROUPS ACTUALLY HAD QUITE A BIT IN
COMMON.
TAPE: CUT THREE -- QUINN (:23)
"THERE ARE EXTRAORDINARY PARALLELS BETWEEN THE IRISH EXPERIENCE
AND THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN. IN BOTH INSTANCES, YOU HAVE A
THOROUGHLY RURAL PEOPLE. IN 1840, IN BRITAIN THE IRISH ARE THE
STANDING RURAL JOKE, THE IRISH COUNTRYMAN. WHAT THEY HAD IN BOTH
INSTANCES, THEY HAD LOST THEIR LANGUAGE, BOTH PEOPLES. THEY HAD
TAKEN ON ANOTHER LANGUAGE. THEY HAD PRESERVED THEIR CULTURE IN
THEIR MUSIC, IN THEIR DANCE AND IN THE (THEIR) CHURCH."
TEXT: THOUGH ONLY 119 DEATHS CAN BE CONFIRMED, MOST WHO HAVE
STUDIED THE RIOTS ARE SURE THE DEATH TOLL WAS MUCH HIGHER. THE
EVENT STILL TOPS THE LIST AS THE DEADLIEST CIVIL DISTURBANCE IN
U-S HISTORY.
09-May-95 4:11 PM EDT (2011 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.259usisbel,
DATE=5/9/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178199
TITLE=PERRY / BOSNIA (S-O)
BYLINE=DAVID SWAN
DATELINE=PENTAGON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY IS CALLING FOR MORE
ROBUST USE OF AIRPOWER TO GUARD SARAJEVO FROM THE BOSNIAN SERBS.
V-O-A'S DAVID SWAN REPORTS, THE UNITED NATIONS REFUSED TO CALL IN
THE PLANES WHEN SERB SHELLS KILLED 11 PEOPLE LAST WEEKEND.
TEXT: THE CLINTON ADMINISTRATION IS CRITICIZING THE U-N DECISION
NOT TO ORDER AIR STRIKES IN RESPONSE TO THE WORST ATTACK ON THE
BOSNIAN CAPITAL IN MONTHS. MR. PERRY SAYS THE CITY IS A U-N
DECLARED SAFE ZONE -- AND SHOULD BE PROTECTED.
// PERRY ACT //
AND IN PARTICULAR I THINK IN THE SHELLING THAT TOOK
PLACE IN SARAJEVO WAS A CLEAR VIOLATION OF THAT SAFE
ZONE. AND I BELIEVE THE NATO FORCES SHOULD HAVE BEEN
CALLED UPON TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE RESPONSE TO THAT.
// END ACT //
THE U-N MILITARY COMMANDER WANTED A STRIKE BUT WAS OVERRULED BY
SUPERIORS WHO FEARED IT WOULD HURT NEGOTIATIONS OR BRING
REPRISALS AGAINST LIGHTLY ARMED PEACEKEEPERS. HOWEVER, A U-N
SPOKESMAN IN SARAJEVO NOW ADMITS THE SERBS GOT AWAY WITH MURDER.
THOUGH AIR RAIDS WERE USED ONLY SPORADICALLY IN THE PAST, THE
UNITED STATES ARGUES THEY CAN BE EFFECTIVE. THE ADMINISTRATION
IS HOPING THE PEACEKEEPERS WILL NOT BE DRIVEN OUT OF BOSNIA
BECAUSE UP TO 60-THOUSAND U-S AND ALLIED TROOPS WOULD BE NEEDED
TO COVER THE WITHDRAWAL.(SIGNED)
NEB / DS / BD/PT
09-May-95 6:15 PM EDT (2215 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.260usisbel,
DATE=5/9/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178173
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND IN SARAJEVO HAS ADMITTED THAT
THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL CAN NO LONGER BE PROTECTED FROM SERB
SHELLING ATTACKS. SENIOR U-N OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
RULED OUT NATO AIR STRIKES AGAINST THE SERBS WHO KILLED 11 PEOPLE
IN A SHELLING ATTACK ON A SARAJEVO SUBURB LAST WEEKEND. V-O-A'S
WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: AFTER THE SARAJEVO SUBURB OF BUTMIR WAS SHELLED, THE U-N
FORCE COMMANDER IN BOSNIA, BRITISH GENERAL RUPERT SMITH, WANTED
RETALIATORY NATO AIR STRIKES AGAINST THE SERBS.
GENERAL SMITH HAS FAVORED A SOMEWHAT TOUGHER U-N APPROACH IN
DEALING WITH VIOLATIONS OF U-N RESOLUTIONS ON THE BOSNIAN
CONFLICT.
BUT, HE WAS OVERRULED BY U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI AND BY THE
SENIOR U-N COMMANDER IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, FRENCH GENERAL
BERNARD JANVIER.
A U-N SPOKESMAN IN SARAJEVO ADMITS THAT, IN HIS WORDS, THE SERBS
GOT AWAY WITH MURDER. HE SAYS THE UNITED NATIONS WAS NOT IN A
POSITION TO DEFEND SARAJEVO EVEN THOUGH THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL IS A
U-N/DECLARED SAFE AREA.
ONE REASON NATO AIR STRIKES WERE NOT REQUESTED WAS FEAR OF SERB
REPRISALS AGAINST VULNERABLE U-N PEACE-KEEPERS. ANOTHER REASON
WAS CONCERN THAT NATO MILITARY ACTION MIGHT SET BACK NEGOTIATIONS
INTENDED TO PREVENT THE SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND IN CROATIA FROM
GETTING WORSE.
WESTERN DIPLOMATS SAY THE UNITED NATION'S APPEASEMENT POLICY IN
BOSNIA IS DAMAGING THE WORLD BODY'S CREDIBILITY THERE AND
ELSEWHERE. DIPLOMATS SAY THE POLICY HAS ALREADY MADE NATO
EXTREMELY RELUCTANT TO CONSIDER ANY FURTHER COOPERATION WITH THE
UNITED NATIONS.
DESPITE FRESH CRITICISM LEVELLED AT YASUSHI AKASHI, THE U-N ENVOY
WENT TO BELGRADE TO MEET WITH SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN
MILOSEVIC AND WITH CROATIAN SERB LEADERS.
MR. AKASHI IS TRYING TO AVOID MORE MAJOR FIGHTING BETWEEN THE
CROATIAN ARMY AND REBEL SERBS FOLLOWING THE CROATIAN ARMY'S
RECAPTURE OF SERB-HELD WESTERN SLAVONIA LAST WEEK.
MR. MILOSEVIC DOES NOT WANT YUGOSLAVIA TO GET DRAGGED INTO A
NEW ALL-OUT WAR IN CROATIA. BUT, HE COULD FACE STRONG DOMESTIC
PRESSURE FOR INTERVENTION IF CROATIAN SERBS APPEAR TO BE IN
SERIOUS TROUBLE. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
09-May-95 11:19 AM EDT (1519 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.261usisbel,
DATE=5/9/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178165
TITLE= YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE= WAYNE COREY
DATELINE= VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND IN SARAJEVO SAYS THE BOSNIAN
SERBS QUITE LITERALLY GOT AWAY WITH (WENT UNPUNISHED FOR) MURDER
WHEN THEY SHELLED A SUBURB OF THE CITY LAST WEEKEND, KILLING 11
PEOPLE. BUT SENIOR U-N OFFICIALS IN ZAGREB REFUSED TO ORDER
RETALIATORY NATO AIR STRIKES. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM
OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: AN UNCOMFORTABLE U-N SPOKESMAN IN SARAJEVO SAYS THE U-N
FORCE COMMANDER IN BOSNIA, BRITISH GENERAL RUPERT SMITH, WANTED
NATO AIR STRIKES AGAINST THE SERBS AFTER THE SARAJEVO SUBURB WAS
SHELLED.
BUT GENERAL SMITH WAS OVERRULED BY U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI AND
BY THE TOP U-N COMMANDER IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA, FRENCH GENERAL
BERNARD JANVIER.
THE RESULT, ACCORDING TO THE SPOKESMAN IN SARAJEVO, IS THAT THE
SERBS GOT AWAY WITH MURDER. HE ADDS THAT THE DECISION NOT TO
REQUEST NATO AIRSTRIKES WAS DIFFICULT AND WAS BASED ON MANY
FACTORS.
WESTERN DIPLOMATS SAY THE UNITED NATIONS APPEARS DETERMINED TO
APPEASE THE SERBS NO MATTER HOW OFTEN OR HOW SERIOUSLY THEY
VIOLATE IMPORTANT U-N RESOLUTIONS ON THE WAR IN
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
THE DIPLOMATS SAY THE WEAK U-N POLICY IN BOSNIA MERELY REFLECTS
THE LACK OF WILL AMONG THE MAJOR POWERS TO ENFORCE THE
RESOLUTIONS ON THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH/GPT
09-May-95 10:08 AM EDT (1408 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.262usisbel,
DATE=5-10-95
TYPE=SPECIAL ENGLISH FEATURE
NUMBER=7-17158
TITLE=SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE REPORT - NEW SUPERCONDUCTOR
MATERIAL
BYLINE=MARILYN CHRISTIANO
TELEPHONE=619-2585
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=CHRISTINE JOHNSON
CONTENT=(ADAPTED FROM SCRIPT #3-21647 OF 4/20 BY JESSICA BERMAN)
THIS IS __________________ WITH THE SPECIAL ENGLISH SCIENCE
REPORT.
SCIENTISTS HERE IN THE UNITED STATES SAY THEY HAVE CREATED AN
IMPORTANT NEW MATERIAL. THEY SAY IT CAN CARRY ONE-HUNDRED TIMES
MORE ELECTRIC CURRENT THAN ANY OTHER MATERIAL. THE SCIENTISTS
ARE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY'S NATIONAL LABORATORY IN LOS
ALAMOS, NEW MEXICO.
SUPERCONDUCTORS ARE MATERIALS THAT OFFER LITTLE OR NO RESISTANCE
TO THE FLOW OF ELECTRIC CURRENT. TRADITIONALLY, THEY WORK ONLY
AT A VERY LOW TEMPERATURE: TWO-HUNDRED SEVENTY-THREE DEGREES
BELOW ZERO CELSIUS. THEY ARE KEPT COLD WITH LIQUID HELIUM.
LIQUID HELIUM IS VERY COSTLY AND DIFFICULT TO USE.
IN THE PAST TEN YEARS, NEW MATERIALS HAVE BEEN DEVELOPED. THEY
ARE CALLED "HIGH-TEMPERATURE" SUPERCONDUCTORS. THEY LOSE
RESISTENCE TO ELECTRIC CURRENT AT ONE-HUNDRED NINETY-SIX DEGREES
BELOW ZERO CELSIUS. THIS IS STILL VERY COLD. BUT IT IS ALMOST
EIGHTY DEGREES WARMER THAN THE OLDER MATERIALS.
ANOTHER BIG DIFFERENCE IS THAT LIQUID NITROGEN IS USED TO KEEP
HIGH- TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS COLD. LIQUID NITROGEN COSTS
MUCH LESS THAN LIQUID HELIUM. IT COSTS ONLY ABOUT ONE-TENTH OF A
DOLLAR FOR EVERY LITER.
THE MATERIAL THE SCIENTISTS AT LOS ALAMOS DEVELOPED IS A
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTING FILM. THE FILM CAN BE STRETCHED
AND MADE INTO WIRES. IT CAN CARRY ONE-HUNDRED TIMES MORE
ELECTRIC CURRENT THAN LOW-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS. IT
CARRIES ONE-MILLION AMPHERES OF CURRENT FOR EVERY SQUARE
CENTIMETER. THE COPPER WIRE USED IN MANY HOUSES CARRIES LESS
THAN EIGHT-HUNDRED AMPERES FOR EVERY SQUARE CENTIMETER.
DEAN PETERSON IS DIRECTOR OF THE LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY.
HE SAYS THE NEW SUPERCONDUCTING FILM COULD MAKE INDUSTRIAL MOTORS
MUCH SMALLER AND LESS COSTLY TO OPERATE. IT COULD ALSO REDUCE
THE COST OF SOME MEDICAL DEVICES. ONE EXAMPLE IS MAGNETIC
RESONANCE IMAGING, OR M-R-I. AN M-R-I DEVICE LETS DOCTORS LOOK
INSIDE THE BODY. IT PRODUCES A DIFFERENT KIND OF PICTURE THAN AN
X-RAY.
AMERICAN INDUSTRY IS VERY INTERESTED IN DEVELOPING
HIGH-TEMPERATURE SUPERCONDUCTORS. NO ONE KNOWS, HOWEVER, IF THE
NEW FILM CAN BE PRODUCED IN LARGE AMOUNTS FOR INDUSTRIAL
PURPOSES. THE LOS ALAMOS LABORATORY HAS PRODUCED ONLY SMALL
PIECES OF IT. SEVERAL YEARS OF TESTING WILL BE NECESSARY BEFORE
SCIENTISTS KNOW IF LARGE AMOUNTS CAN BE PRODUCED AT LOW COST.
TODAY'S SCIENCE REPORT WAS WRITTEN BY MARILYN RICE CHRISTIANO.
THIS IS ________________.
09-May-95 4:12 PM EDT (2012 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.263usisbel,
the 'wireless file' May 11 1995
eur300.zipvoa.264usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-30025
TITLE=A BOSNIA DEBATE
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AFTER A RELATIVELY QUIET PERIOD IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA,
THE WAR THERE IS ESCALATING AGAIN. THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND
SAYS IT IS VIRTUALLY HELPLESS TO CONTAIN THE SITUATION AND THAT
THE U-N ROLE IN THE COUNTRY SHOULD BE RE-EXAMINED. V-O-A'S
CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS THAT A
DEBATE ON THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN THE U-N MANDATE IN BOSNIA AND
THE ACTIONS OF U-N FORCES THERE IS LONG OVERDUE.
TEXT: A SENIOR UNITED NATIONS OFFICIAL IN SARAJEVO, COLUM
MURPHY, SAYS IT IS TIME FOR AN INTERNATIONAL DEBATE ON THE U-N
MISSION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
HE WAS RESPONDING TO CRITICISM OF THE UNITED NATIONS'S REFUSAL TO
ORDER RETALIATORY NATO AIR STRIKES AFTER THE SERBS SHELLED
SARAJEVO LAST WEEKEND. THE SHELLING CLAIMED THE LIVES OF 11
PEOPLE AND INJURED MANY OTHERS.
THERE WERE NO AIR STRIKES BECAUSE TOP U-N CIVILIAN AND MILITARY
OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA WERE AFRAID TO REQUEST THEM.
THEY FEARED THAT THE SERBS, ANGERED BY AIR STRIKES BEFORE, WOULD
CARRY OUT MORE REPRISALS AGAINST U-N SOLDIERS.
MR. MURPHY WANTS THE U-N SECURITY COUNCIL TO MAKE UP ITS MIND
WHETHER U-N SOLDIERS IN BOSNIA SHOULD BE, TECHNICALLY,
PEACE-KEEPERS OR PEACE-MAKERS.
THE U-N FORCES ARE, INCREASINGLY, ONLY OBSERVERS AS THE SERBS
IGNORE U-N RESOLUTIONS THAT ESTABLISHED SAFE AREAS FOR CIVILIANS
AND A HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND SARAJEVO.
THE PROBLEM, AS MR. MURPHY AND OTHER U-N OFFICIALS SEE IT, IS
THAT THE U-N RESOLUTIONS HAVE DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY REQUIRED
PROTECTION OF THE BOSNIAN MUSLIMS.
IF THE RESOLUTIONS ARE TO BE ENFORCED, U-N SOLDIERS CANNOT
REMAIN NEUTRAL. THEY WOULD HAVE TO BE SUBSTANTIALLY REINFORCED
AND MORE HEAVILY-ARMED.
THE LOGICAL CONSEQUENCE OF ENFORCING THE RESOLUTIONS IS THAT THE
UNITED NATIONS WOULD HAVE TO FIGHT A WAR AGAINST THE BOSNIAN
SERBS, WHO WOULD BE BACKED, TO SOME EXTENT, BY SERBS IN CROATIA
AND BY YUGOSLAVIA.
THE MAJOR POWERS AND NATO HAVE NO INTEREST IN BECOMING INVOLVED
IN A BALKAN WAR LIKE THAT.
CONTAINMENT OF THE CURRENT FIGHTING WOULD BE EASIER IF THERE WAS
SOME MOVEMENT IN THE PEACE PROCESS. BUT, THE PEACE PROCESS IS
DEADLOCKED. THE SERBS WILL NOT ACCEPT THE BIG POWERS' PROPOSED
PEACE PLAN, ENDORSED BY THE MUSLIMS AND CROATS.
NATO SECRETARY-GENERAL WILLY CLAES AND THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT
HAVE SAID ONLY FORCE WILL STOP THE SERBS. THE U-N APPROACH IS TO
OFFER CONCESSIONS IN THE FACE OF INTIMIDATION.
THE POSSIBILITY OF WITHDRAWING U-N FORCES HAS BEEN RAISED SEVERAL
TIMES OVER THE LAST YEAR. FRANCE IS INCREASINGLY UNHAPPY ABOUT
DEADLY ATTACKS ON ITS SOLDIERS IN BOSNIA.
BUT, THERE IS NO INDICATION THAT A U-N WITHDRAWAL IS BEING
SERIOUSLY CONSIDERED NOW. THE ARGUMENT IS STILL MADE THAT U-N
TROOPS ARE NEEDED TO HELP HUMANITARIAN AID GET THROUGH TO THE
PEOPLE WHO NEED IT.
THAT ARGUMENT MAY NOT BE VALID. THE U-N REFUGEE AGENCY, THE
INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS, AND A NUMBER OF INTERNATIONAL CHARITIES
HAVE SAID THEY WOULD REMAIN IN BOSNIA EVEN IF U-N TROOPS PULL
OUT.
ANY NEW DEBATE ON THE U-N ROLE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA WILL,
ULTIMATELY, HAVE TO DEAL WITH ONE KEY QUESTION: IS THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY PREPARED TO DO WHAT IS NECESSARY TO
MAINTAIN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S SOVEREIGNTY AND CURRENT BORDERS?
THE ONLY REALISTIC ALTERNATIVE TO THAT MAY BE INTERNATIONAL
ACCEPTANCE OF THE SERBS' DEMANDS FOR THEIR OWN SEPARATE STATE OR
FOR THEM TO BE PART OF A GREATER SERBIA.
WESTERN DIPLOMATS AGREE THAT A SERIOUS DEBATE ON THE UNITED
NATIONS ROLE AND OBJECTIVES IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IS URGENTLY
NEEDED. BUT, THEY ADD, WITH HEAVY CYNICISM, THAT IT MAY TAKE AN
OUTRAGEOUS INCIDENT IN BOSNIA, WITH A SUFFICIENTLY HIGH BODY
COUNT, TO PROD THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO TAKE NEW AND MORE
EFFECTIVE ACTION. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
10-May-95 2:40 PM EDT (1840 UTC)
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voa.265usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=BACKGROUND REPORT
NUMBER=5-30026
TITLE=CONGRESS / FOREIGN POLICY BUDGET
BYLINE=PAULA WOLFSON
DATELINE=CONGRESS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE U-S CONGRESS IS LOOKING FOR WAYS TO CUT GOVERNMENT
SPENDING. ONE FAVORITE TARGET IS THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS BUDGET.
AND AS V-O-A'S PAULA WOLFSON REPORTS MANY COST CUTTING PROPOSALS
ARE UNDER CONSIDERATION.
TEXT: AT A TIME WHEN MONEY IS RUNNING OUT FOR POPULAR DOMESTIC
PROGRAMS, IT IS DIFFICULT TO BUILD UP MUCH ENTHUSIASM IN CONGRESS
FOR SENDING TAX DOLLARS ABROAD.
THE FOREIGN AID BUDGET FOR THE COMING YEAR IS LIKELY TO BE
SLASHED AS IT MAKES ITS WAY THROUGH THE HOUSE AND SENATE. SO TOO
IS SPENDING FOR THE VARIOUS GOVERNMENT AGENCIES THAT WORK
OVERSEAS -- FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT TO COMMISSIONS ON TRADE.
REPUBLICANS ARE LEADING THE CALL FOR CUTS. DANA ROHRABACHER OF
CALIFORNIA SAYS BALANCING THE BUDGET IS PARAMOUNT.
/// ROHRABACHER ACT ///
I DO NOT BELIEVE THAT ANYONE -- INCLUDING EGYPT AND
ISRAEL -- SHOULD BE EXEMPT FROM THE CUTTING THAT IS
GOING ON IN WASHINGTON, D-C NOW.
/// END ACT ///
MR. ROHRABACHER SAYS AMERICA'S ECONOMIC FUTURE IS AT STAKE....AND
EVERYONE MUST MAKE SACRIFICES. HE ARGUES THAT MILLIONS OF
DOLLARS IN FOREIGN AID IS WASTED -- AND THAT MANY AID RECIPIENTS
ARE ACCEPTING HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE WHILE SPENDING THEIR OWN
MEAGER RESOURCES ON ARMS.
/// ROHRABACHER ACT ///
LET US REMEMBER THAT WHEN WE TALKING ABOUT PENNIES THAT
WE SPEND THAT KEEP BABIES FROM DYING...THESE ARE PENNIES
THAT ARE TAKEN FROM THE AMERICAN PEOPLE AND THE
SOCIETIES THAT THEY ARE GIVEN TO ARE SPENDING DOLLARS
AND MORE DOLLARS ON WEAPONS JUST AS WE ARE GIVING THEM
PENNIES TO SAVE THEIR BABIES!
/// END ACT ///
THE HOUSE BUDGET COMMITTEE HAS PROPOSED MASSIVE CUTS IN FOREIGN
ASSISTANCE TOTALING ALMOST 30 BILLION DOLLARS OVER THE NEXT SEVEN
YEARS. FOR 1996, THAT AMOUNTS TO A CUT OF JUST OVER TWO BILLION
DOLLARS -- FROM THE CURRENT SPENDING LEVEL OF 20-POINT-FIVE
BILLION DOWN TO 18-POINT-THREE. REPUBLICANS ON THE COMMITTEE ARE
ALSO TALKING ABOUT THE ELIMINATION OF SEVERAL FOREIGN POLICY
AGENCIES, AND POSSIBLE TERMINATION OF INTERNATIONAL BROADCASTS.
DEMOCRATS ACCUSE THE REPUBLICANS OF PLAYING POLITICS WITH FOREIGN
AFFAIRS. DURING A HEARING ON THE FUTURE OF THE FOREIGN AFFAIRS
BUREAUCRACY, ALCEE HASTINGS OF FLORIDA BLASTED THE REPUBLICAN
PROPOSALS, ARGUING THAT THE MONEY SAVED BY CUTTING ASSISTANCE
ABROAD WILL NOT HELP THE BUDGET PROBLEM AT HOME.
/// HASTINGS ACT ///
IF WE WERE TO TAKE ALL OF FOREIGN AID AND PITCH IT INTO
THE POTOMAC (THROW IT INTO THE POTOMAC RIVER -- THROW IT
ALL AWAY) THE UNITED STATES BUDGET PROBLEMS WOULD NOT BE
BY ANY STRETCH OF THE IMAGINATION CONCLUDED IN A
FAVORABLE SENSE.
/// END ACT ///
THE RESULTS OF A RECENT PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY PUT THE FIGHT OVER
FOREIGN POLICY SPENDING INTO SOME PERSPECTIVE. MOST OF THOSE
POLLED SAID THE UNITED STATES SPENDS TOO MUCH ON AID....BUT MOST
ALSO EXAGGERATED THE AMOUNT OF MONEY USED TO PROVIDE ASSISTANCE.
THE OVERWHELMING MAJORITY OF THOSE SURVEYED SAID THE UNITED
STATES DEVOTES ABOUT 15 PERCENT OF THE FEDERAL BUDGET TO FOREIGN
AID...AND THAT FIVE PERCENT WOULD BE ABOUT RIGHT. THE ACTUAL
FIGURE IS LESS THAN ONE PERCENT.(SIGNED)
NEB / PW / BD/PT
10-May-95 5:27 PM EDT (2127 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.266usisbel,
DATE=5/9/95
TYPE=CURRENT AFFAIRS FEATURE
NUMBER=3-21862
TITLE=DEMOCRACY IS LIKE TOOTHPASTE (L)
BYLINE=MARILYN SILVEY
TELEPHONE=619-1173
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=SWANEY
CONTENT=
(TAPE CUTS IN AUDIO SERVICES)
INTRO: DISCUSSIONS AT A RECENT TWO-DAY INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
ON DEMOCRACY HELD IN WASHINGTON, D-C, SHOWED THAT THE
TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY ISN'T EASY. MARILYN SILVEY
REPORTS.
TEXT: WHETHER THE CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS WERE FROM POLAND OR
NIGERIA, RUSSIA OR ESTONIA, THE THEMES OF THEIR
PRESENTATIONS WERE SIMILIAR: OUR GOVERNMENTS ARE NOT
DOING THE RIGHT THINGS, AND PEOPLE ARE BECOMING
DISILLUSIONED WITH THEIR ELECTED LEADERS AND WITH
DEMOCRACY GENERALLY. THE MEETING - THE FIFTH WORLD
CONFERENCE ON DEMOCRACY - WAS SPONSORED BY THE NATIONAL
ENDOWMENT FOR DEMOCRACY, AN INDEPENDENT AMERICAN
ORGANIZATION.
VOLODYMYR LANOVYI (VO-LOD-E-MEER LAN-OH-VEE), AN
ECONOMIST ELECTED LAST YEAR TO UKRAINE'S PARLIAMENT,
WHERE HE HEADS THE REFORM MOVEMENT, WAS TYPICAL. HE
SAID DEMOCRACY IN UKRAINE IS FRAGILE. MANY MEMBERS OF
THE PARLIAMENT ARE STILL MARXISTS, HE SAID, THE
GOVERNMENT HAS DONE LITTLE TO SECURE ECONOMIC STABILITY,
AND THERE IS RISING UNEMPLOYMENT.
TAPE: CUT ONE -- LANOVYI :12
"THERE IS A GROWING SENSE THAT DEMOCRACY SIMPLY DOESN'T
WORK, SINCE MANY PEOPLE BELIEVE THAT IT MAKES NO
DIFFERENCE WHO THEY CHOOSE."
TEXT: ASSIM MOLLAZADE (MOL-LA-ZA-DYE), DEPUTY CHAIRMAN OF THE
OPPOSITION MOVEMENT IN AZERBAIJAN, AGREED:
TAPE: CUT TWO -- MOLLAZADE :41
"DESPITE SPECIFIC DIFFERENCES FOR EACH NEWLY-INDEPENDENT
STATE, THERE ARE A LOT OF THINGS IN COMMON WHICH THEY
ARE FACING AFTER THE COLLAPSE OF (THEIR) EVIL EMPIRE.
DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD TO DEMOCRACY AND MARKET
ECONOMY, IN ALL THESE COUNTRIES PEOPLE FACE ETHNIC
CONFLICTS, CHAOS OF MANAGEMENT, AND DEEP ECONOMIC
CRISIS. ALL THESE DIFFICULTIES LEAD TO THE INCREASE OF
MILITARISM, AUTHORITARIAN RULE, AND APATHY AMONG THE
POPULATION TOWARD POLITICAL PARTICIPATION."
TEXT: WHILE SERGEI KOVALEV, HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSIONER IN
RUSSIA AND A MEMBER OF PARLIAMENT, HAD JUST VISITED
CHECHYNA. HE SAID, THROUGH AN INTERPRETER, THAT NO
COUNTRY CAN "SIMULTANEOUSLY CONDUCT A DIRTY WAR AND A
TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY."
TAPE: CUT THREE -- KOVALEV :25
"IN ESSENCE, WHAT IS TAKING PLACE RIGHT NOW IS AN
ATTEMPT IN RUSSIA TO RESTORE THE OLD COMMUNIST SYSTEM
UNDER THE FLAG OF A NEW IDEOLOGY. THIS IS THE
FUNDAMENTAL DANGER FOR ALL OF US LIVING IN RUSSIA AND
FOR ALL OF THOSE IN THE WORLD COMMUNITY. IT IS
IMPOSSIBLE TO DEAL WITH A COUNTRY WHOSE LEADER LIES. THE
WORK FOR YOU AND US IS TO FORCE RUSSIA TO LIVE ACCORDING
TO LAW AND ORDER."
TEXT: BUT DAHAI YU, THE EDITOR OF A CHINESE NEWSPAPER
PUBLISHED IN THE UNITED STATES, TOLD CONFERENCE SPEAKERS
FROM THE FORMER SOVIET COUNTRIES THAT THEY HAD
ADVANTAGES OVER HIS SITUATION. AT LEAST, HE SAID, YOU
HAVE ELECTIONS, AND PEOPLE LIKE YOU WHO CAN ATTEND A
CONFERENCE AND RETURN HOME. A LOT OF PEOPLE ENVY YOUR
SUCCESS.
IN ADDITION TO IDENTIFYING OBSTACLES TO BASIC HUMAN
RIGHTS, SOME CONFERENCE PARTICIPANTS APPEALED FOR
INCREASED WORLDWIDE PUBLIC OPINION TO BE FOCUSED ON
CERTAIN COUNTRIES, IN AN ATTEMPT TO FORCE GOVERNMENTS TO
BECOME MORE DEMOCRATIC.
KIM DAE-JUNG, WHO DIRECTS A PEACE FOUNDATION BASED IN
SOUTH KOREA, CALLED FOR INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION ON
BURMA, WHERE THE ELECTION RESULTS OF 1990 WERE DENIED.
HE SAID HE KNOWS THAT INTERNATIONAL ATTENTION CAN MAKE A
DIFFERENCE, AS HE HIMSELF HAD BEEN SENTENCED TO DEATH
SOME YEARS AGO BUT HIS LIFE WAS SPARED BECAUSE OF
INTERVENTION BY U-S PRESIDENTS JIMMY CARTER AND RONALD
REAGAN.
NOBEL PRIZE WINNER WOLE SOYINKA (WO-LAY SHO-YINKA) OF
NIGERIA, WHO NOW LIVES IN PARIS, DISCUSSED NIGERIA'S
1993 ELECTIONS, WHICH WERE ANNULLED AND THE WINNER
IMPRISONED. AFRICA, HE SAID, HAS BEEN "RE-COLONIZED"
AND IS HAVING TO FIGHT A "SECOND ROUND OF COLONIALISM"
AGAINST AUTOCRATIC LEADERS WHO DO NOT PRACTICE THE TWO
PRINCIPLES OF DEMOCRACY: PARTICIPATION AND
ACCOUNTABILITY.
SOME POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS TO AID IN THE TRANSITION TO
DEMOCRACY WERE PROPOSED. ADNAN BUYUNG NASUTION
(BOO-YUNG NA-SOO-TEE-ON), OF INDONESIA, ASKED FOR MORE
HELP IN EDUCATING STUDENTS ABOUT DEMOCRACY. HE SAID
YOUNGER INDONESIANS ARE ENTHUSIASTIC, BUT HAVE A WEAK
UNDERSTANDING OF WHAT DEMOCRACY IS AND HOW IT WORKS.
KRZYSZTOF STANOWSKI, OF POLAND, AGREED THAT EDUCATION IS
INDEED A PROBLEM, AS MOST OF THE TEACHERS NOW TRYING TO
TEACH ABOUT DEMOCRACY TAUGHT UNDER PREVIOUS SOCIALIST OR
COMMUNIST SYSTEMS. HE CALLED FOR FIRST GIVING THE
TEACHERS MORE EDUCATION IN DEMOCRACY SO THEY CAN, IN
TURN, EXPLAIN IT TO THEIR STUDENTS. AND MART LAAR, OF
ESTONIA, SAID THAT STUDENT GOVERNMENTS NEED TO BE
IMPROVED. HE SAID THAT WHEN TEACHERS APPOINT STUDENT
OFFICERS, STUDENTS THINK DEMOCRACY IS "JUST A GAME," AND
THE ELECTION EXERCISE DOES NOT REFLECT REAL LIFE.
MANY OF THE PARTICIPANTS IN THE WASHINGTON, D-C, FIFTH
WORLD CONFERENCE ON DEMOCRACY URGED PATIENCE. VOLODYMYR
LANOVYI SAID HE REMAINED OPTIMISTIC THAT ONE DAY,
UKRAINE WILL EMERGE AS A FREE AND OPEN SOCIETY. LUDMILA
ALEXEVA, A CONSULTANT TO THE MOSCOW HELSINKI GROUP IN
RUSSIA, SAID A TRANSITION TO DEMOCRACY TAKES AT LEAST
TWO GENERATIONS. SHE ALSO WAS OPTIMISTIC FOR THE
FUTURE OF DEMOCRACY -- BUT NOT, SHE SAID, TOO SOON.
OTHER SPEAKERS SHARED THE VIEWS THAT DEMOCRACY WILL
IMPROVE WITH TIME - AND THAT IT IS INEVITABLE. AS
ESTONIA'S MART LAAR PUT IT, "DEMOCRACY IS LIKE
TOOTHPASTE: ONCE IT IS OUT, IT CAN NEVER BE PUT BACK."
(SIGNED)
10-May-95 7:06 AM EDT (1106 UTC)
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voa.267usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK
NUMBER=4-08327
TITLE=DUBROVNIK & MEXICO'S CHIAPAS NEGOTIATIONS
BYLINE=PAMELA TAYLOR/BILL RODGERS
TELEPHONE=619-0932
DATELINE=WASHINGTON AND CHIAPAS, MEXICO
EDITOR=PHIL HAYNES
CONTENT= // INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM TAPE LIBRARY ///
CART: THEME (ESTABLISH THEN UNDER)
HOST: WELCOME TO REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK, A REGULAR WEEKLY
MAGAZINE SHOW FEATURING REPORTS BY, OR CONVERSATIONS
WITH, VOA CORRESPONDENTS AROUND THE GLOBE ABOUT THEIR
EXPERIENCES IN THE FIELD. THIS WEEK, WE BRING YOU
FIRST-HAND REPORTERS' IMPRESSIONS FROM THE FORMER
YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND MEXICO'S TROUBLED
CHIAPAS STATE.
CART: UP FULL AND UNDER
HOST: I'M _________________, SITTING IN FOR REGULAR HOST
PAMELA TAYLOR, WHO THIS WEEK HAS HER OWN REPORT BASED ON
HER VISIT LAST JULY TO THE CROATIAN CITY OF DUBROVNIK ON
THE ADRIATIC COAST. FOUR YEARS AGO, 193 PEOPLE WERE
KILLED WHEN THE YUGOSLAV NATIONAL ARMY SHELLED
DUBROVNIK, CAUSING AN INTERNATIONAL UPROAR. THE MEDIEVAL
CITY, FOUNDED BY THE GREEKS IN THE 7TH CENTURY, IS
CLASSIFIED BY THE UNITED NATIONS (UNESCO) AS A WORLD
NATIONAL TREASURE.
LAST MONTH (APRIL 19TH), SERB MORTAR SHELLS FELL ONCE
AGAIN ON THE CITY'S NEW AIRPORT IN THE HILLS ABOVE
DUBROVNIK. BEFORE THAT ATTACK CROATIAN TOURISM
OFFICIALS WERE HOPING PRESIDENT FRANJO TUDJMAN'S
DECISION TO ALLOW U-N PEACEKEEPERS TO REMAIN IN THE
COUNTRY MIGHT ENCOURAGE TOURISTS TO COME BACK TO SEE HOW
WELL DUBROVNIK HAD RECOVERED FROM THE 1991 ATTACK. THIS
IS HOW IT LOOKED TO PAMELA LAST SUMMER:
TEXT: BEFORE I LEFT FOR CROATIA, I TALKED WITH NAZLI WEISS OF
THE PRIVATELY-FUNDED, WASHINGTON-BASED REBUILD DUBROVNIK
FUND ABOUT THE DESTRUCTION THE CITY HAD SUFFERED:
TAPE: CUT #1 WEISS RUNS [:]
"NINE BUILDINGS AND PALACES WERE GUTTED AND 563
BUILDINGS OF THE 824 BUILDINGS INSIDE OLD CITY WERE
SERIOUSLY DAMAGED. VIRTUALLY EVERY BUILDING WAS DAMAGED
TO SOME EXTENT AND SCARRED TO SOME EXTENT, SOME VERY
SEVERELY, OTHERS NOT AS SEVERELY. WHEN THESE SHELLS
FELL, THEY EXPLODED AND STARTED FIRES EVERYWHERE AND
MOST OF THOSE NINE PALACES WHICH WERE GUTTED, IT WAS AS
A RESULT OF FIRE DAMAGE."
TEXT: SHE TOLD ME THE CITY WAS ATTACKED THREE TIMES, FIRST IN
OCTOBER 1991, AGAIN IN NOVEMBER AND FINALLY THE FIRST
DIRECT ATTACK ON THE HISTORIC OLD CITY ON DECEMBER 6TH.
THE DECEMBER 6TH ATTACK WAS A 12-HOUR BARRAGE WHICH
DROPPED THOUSANDS OF SHELLS INSIDE THE ANCIENT WALLS.
ONLY THE THICK STONE WALLS PREVENTED GREATER DAMAGE.
TAPE: CUT # 2 NAT SOUND (UP AND UNDER) RUNS [:31]
TEXT: WHEN I ARRIVED IN DUBROVNIK'S OLD TOWN, IT LOOKED TO ME
LIKE LIFE HAD ALMOST RETURNED TO NORMAL. IT WAS THE
FIRST TIME SUMMER TOURISTS HAD BEGUN TO RETURN IN
SIGNIFICANT NUMBERS. OF COURSE, MOST OF THE THEM WERE
CROAT, BUT THERE WERE ALSO MANY CZECHS, A FEW GERMANS
AND A HANDFUL OF OTHER NATIONALITIES. I INTERVIEWED THE
MAYOR OF DUBROVNIK, NICOLA OBULJEN, IN THE RECTOR'S
PALACE, WHICH ALSO SUFFERED EXTENSIVE DAMAGE. I HAD TO
PICK MY WAY CAREFULLY AROUND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS:
WHEELBARROWS FULL OF CEMENT, AND MEN CARRYING LONG
PLANKS AS I WAS ESCORTED TO HIS OFFICE. MAYOR OBULJEN
TOLD ME THE CITY WORKED NIGHT AND DAY FOR TWO AND A HALF
YEARS TO ERASE ALL EVIDENCE OF THE SERB ATTACK --
PARTLY, HE SAID, IN A FEVERISH EFFORT TO DENY IT EVER
HAPPENED AND PARTLY TO BRING THE MUCH NEEDED TOURISTS
BACK. MORE THAN 80 PERCENT OF DUBROVNIK'S PRE-WAR
ECONOMY WAS BASED ON TOURISM:
TAPE: CUT # 3 OBULJEN RUNS [:]
"WHEN YOU COME TO DUBROVNIK NOW YOU DON'T FEEL AS IF YOU
ARE COMING TO A CITY THAT WAS SO DAMAGED AS DUBROVNIK
WAS. ESPECIALLY IF YOU ARE LOOKING INSIDE THE WALLS OF
THE OLD CITY. INSIDE THE WALLS WE HAVE DONE A LOT, BUT
STILL WE HAVE NINE PALACES WHICH ARE TOTALLY GUTTED,
NOTHING LEFT BUT FOUR WALLS. WE STARTED WITH ROOFS AND
WE ARE REPAIRING ROOFS. EIGHTY PERCENT OF ALL ROOFS
WERE DAMAGED."
TEXT: FROM MAYOR OBULJEN'S OFFICE I WALKED AROUND THE OLD
TOWN. HE WAS RIGHT. AT FIRST GLANCE, YOU DON'T FEEL YOU
ARE SEEING A DAMAGED CITY AT ALL. IN FACT, TO ME, THE
CITY APPEARED SO SUCCESSFULLY RECONSTRUCTED AS TO GIVE
CREDENCE TO SERBIAN CLAIMS NO DAMAGE WAS DONE IN THE
FIRST PLACE. BUT CLOSE AND CAREFUL EXAMINATION, AS I
WALKED DOWN THE CENTRAL STONE STREET KNOWN AS THE
'STRADUN', REVEALED TRACES OF SHELLING AND FIRE
EVERYWHERE. WHILE THE CITY MAY NOT HAVE BEEN DESTROYED,
AS SOME CROATS CLAIMED AT THE TIME, A REPORT BY UNESCO
(UNITED NATIONS EDUCATION, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL
ORGANIZATION) INDICATES SHELLS STRUCK NEARLY EVERY ROOF
INSIDE THE CITY WALLS. UNESCO SAYS IT WILL REQUIRE
NEARLY HALF A MILLION DOLLARS TO REPAIR.
I STOPPED TO TAKE A PHOTOGRAPH OF THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX
CHURCH WHICH SERBIAN FRIENDS IN AMERICA HAD SAID WAS
DESTROYED BY A CROAT BOMB. IT LOOKED FINE TO ME, APART
FROM A PATCHED HOLE IN THE ROOF AND THE SPRINKLING OF
SHRAPNEL NICKS I NOTICED ON SO MANY OTHER BUILDINGS.
OTHERS HAD TOLD ME THE SERBIAN ORTHODOX LIBRARY WAS
DESTROYED BUT I COULD FIND NO SUCH LIBRARY. IN ITS
REPORT ON THE DAMAGE DONE TO DUBROVNIK, UNESCO SAYS THE
MAIN LIBRARY WHICH HOUSED THE EARLIEST ARCHIVES FROM THE
ANCIENT REPUBLIC OF RAGUSA SUFFERED SERIOUS FIRE DAMAGE
FOLLOWING THE DECEMBER ATTACK. SERB NATIONALISTS NOW
CALL DUBROVNIK 'RAGUSA' AND MAY BE CLAIMING THIS LIBRARY
AS THEIR OWN.
ALL THE OFFICIALS I TALKED TO, WHETHER FROM THE U-N, THE
U-S OR CROATIA, AGREED ON ONE THING: THAT FEW BUILDINGS
INSIDE THE CITY WALLS ESCAPED THE SERB SHELLS. MORE
THAN 40 SHELLS ARE REPORTED BY UNESCO TO HAVE LANDED ON
THE LESS THAN ONE-KILOMETER-LONG 'STRADUN'. I NOTICED
THE SPLASHES OF FRESH CEMENT WHICH MARRED THE OTHERWISE
SMOOTH REGULARITY OF THE ANCIENT PAVING STONES. I
STOPPED TO TALK TO NINA SKURIC, OF THE CROATIAN NATIONAL
ATLAS TRAVEL AGENCY, WHO ACCOMPANIED ME ON MY TOUR. SHE
POINTED OUT THE NUMBER OF SHOP FRONTS WHERE NEW PANES OF
GLASS REPLACED THE ORIGINAL WINDOW-DOOR COMBINATIONS.
IT LOOKED TO ME AS IF EVERY OTHER STOREFRONT WAS NEW:
TAPE: CUT # 4 SKURIC/TAYLOR RUNS [1:32]
(SKURIC) "ALL ALONG THE STREET THERE WERE SHOP WINDOWS
WITHOUT GLASS; EVERYTHING WAS COVERED WITH WOOD. THE
FENCE AROUND THE CHURCH WAS DESTROYED AND YOU CAN SEE
NOW NEW PARTS, NEW STONES WHICH ARE WHITE IF YOU COMPARE
THEM WITH THE GREY. YOU CAN SEE THE FACADE OF THE
CHURCH AND THE STEPS WHICH WERE ALSO DAMAGED. THOSE
RUINS ARE FROM A PERIOD WHICH IS OLDER THAN DUBROVNIK
IS. THE HOLES ARE FROM THE SHELLS BUT THE RUINS ARE FROM
AN OLDER PERIOD." (TAYLOR) SO IT WAS DAMAGING LAYERS
AND LAYERS OF HISTORY. (TAYLOR) OH MY GOD. SO THEY
LEFT THAT ONE (HOUSE) THE WAY IT WAS! HOW MANY HOUSES
IN DUBROVNIK LOOKED LIKE THAT? (SKURIC) "NINE. NINE
PALACES -- THOSE HOUSES WERE PALACES WHEN DUBROVNIK WAS
A CITY REPUBLIC AND NINE OF THEM WERE BURNED DOWN."
TEXT: THE "PALACE" WE HAD STOPPED IN FRONT OF WAS A HOUSE
BELONGING TO LOCAL ARTIST, PAINTER IVO GRBIC WHO DECIDED
TO LEAVE IT IN ITS BURNED AND BOMBED-OUT STATE AS AN
"UNOFFICIAL" MONUMENT TO THE SHELLING OF 1991. MR.
GRBIC WAS ABLE TO ESCAPE WITH HIS ELDERLY MOTHER, WHO
DIED OF SHOCK NINE MONTHS LATER. FRIENDS MANAGED TO
RESCUE ABOUT 20 PAINTINGS FROM A LIFETIME'S COLLECTION
BEFORE THE INTERIOR OF THE HOUSE WAS COMPLETELY ENGULFED
IN FLAMES. HE SHOWED ME A PHOTOGRAPH TAKEN THAT DAY.
IT SHOWED HIM WRAPPED IN A BLANKET, (WEARING) A COOKING
POT AS A HELMET ON HIS HEAD. HE WAS STANDING IN FRONT
OF HIS BURNING HOUSE, SHAKING HIS FIST AT THE CAMERA:
TAPE: CUT # 5 GRBIC/TRANSLATOR RUNS [:02+27]
"(SERBO-CROATIAN) I WENT OUTSIDE TO SEE WHAT WAS
HAPPENING WITH THE HOUSE AND TO TELL THE SERBS I AM
STILL ALIVE AND THEY CANNOT DESTROY ME OR THIS CITY. MY
BROTHER TOOK THIS PICTURE. I NEVER THOUGHT SUCH A THING
COULD HAPPEN AND THEREFORE NEVER TOOK ANY PRECAUTIONS TO
HIDE MY PAINTINGS BECAUSE NOBODY COULD BELIEVE THAT SOME
CRAZY PEOPLE WOULD ATTACK AND BURN DOWN THIS CITY. THEY
WANTED TO SHOW EVERYONE THAT AFTER ALL THESE CENTURIES,
DUBROVNIK WOULD BE A SERBIAN CITY."
TEXT: THE LVO GRBIC HOUSE WAS ONE OF THE MORE POPULAR TOURIST
ATTRACTIONS IN DUBROVNIK THAT SUMMER. CROATS AND
FOREIGNERS ALIKE CAME TO SEE THE EVIDENCE OF BOMBING,
EVIDENCE WHICH WAS HARD TO FIND ELSEWHERE INSIDE THE
CITY WALLS. WHEN I ASKED MAYOR OBULJEN WHY THE CITY
DIDN'T HAVE AT LEAST ONE PHOTO EXHIBIT AS A MEMORIAL TO
1991, HE REPLIED THAT EVERYONE WANTED TO FORGET THE PAST
AND GET ON WITH THE FUTURE. NOT QUITE EVERYONE, IT
SEEMS. THE EVENING BEFORE MY ARRIVAL BY SEA, THE AREA
AROUND THE AIRPORT WAS BRIEFLY FIRED ON BY SERB SNIPERS
IN THE SURROUNDING HILLS.
TAPE: CUT # 6 NAT SOUND (UP AND UNDER) RUNS [:19]
TEXT: AS WE WALKED BACK THROUGH THE VEGETABLE MARKET -- WHICH
WAS IN FULL SWING -- I FOUND IT DIFFICULT TO IMAGINE
WHAT IT MUST HAVE BEEN LIKE DURING THOSE TERRIBLE DAYS
OF 1991. ALTHOUGH THE CITIZENS OF DUBROVNIK HAD DONE AN
ADMIRABLE JOB OF RESTORING THEIR DAMAGED ADRIATIC JEWEL,
NO ONE KNOWS IF PEACE WILL LAST LONG ENOUGH TO BRING
VISITORS BACK IN SIGNIFICANT NUMBERS.
CART: THEME IN FULL AND UNDER
HOST: THAT REPORT BY REGULAR HOST PAMELA TAYLOR WAS BASED ON
HER TRIP LAST SUMMER TO DUBROVNIK.
NOW WE GO TO CORRESPONDENT BILL RODGERS, WHO HAS BEEN
COVERING THE CONFICT IN THE SOUTHERN MEXICAN STATE OF
CHIAPAS SINCE THE REBEL ZAPATISTA NATIONAL LIBERATION
ARMY LAUNCHED A REVOLT IN JANUARY 1994. THE MEXICAN
GOVERNMENT AND MAYAN INDIAN REBELS THERE HAVE BEGUN
PEACE NEGOTIATIONS TO END THE 17-MONTH OLD REBELLION.
THE FIRST FORMAL TALKS IN MORE THAN A YEAR OPENED ON
APRIL 22ND, IN A SMALL TOWN IN THE HIGHLANDS OF CENTRAL
CHIAPAS. THE TWO SIDES SUSPENDED THEIR MEETING AFTER
TWO DAYS OF DISCUSSIONS, AND AGREED TO MEET AGAIN ON MAY
12TH. BILL TELLS US NOW ABOUT THE TOWN OF SAN ANDRES
LARRAINZAR AND THE SCENE LAST MONTH WHEN THOUSANDS OF
INDIANS ARRIVED IN SAN ANDRES TO WITNESS THE OPENING OF
THE NEGOTIATIONS.
TAPE: CUT #1 AMBIENT SOUND (ESTABLISH AND FADE)
TEXT: I FIRST CAME TO SAN ANDRES LARRAINZAR IN EARLY JANUARY
1994, ON RUMORS THAT THE COMMUNITY WAS A ZAPATISTA
STRONGHOLD. IT WAS A COLD, RAINY SUNDAY -- AND FOG
SWIRLED THROUGH THE CENTRAL PLAZA WHERE VENDORS INSIDE
TINY WOODEN STALLS SOLD FOOD, AND SPOKE TO THEIR
CUSTOMERS IN THE INDIAN DIALECT KNOWN AS TZOTZIL.
TAPE: CUT #2 - TZOTZIL
TEXT: THE TOWNSPEOPLE WERE NERVOUS, AND LOOKED AWAY WHEN
STRANGERS LIKE ME TRIED TO CATCH THEIR EYES AND SPEAK TO
THEM. THE ZAPATISTAS, WHO TOOK THEIR NAME FROM THE
MEXICAN REVOLUTIONARY HERO EMILIANO ZAPATA, HAD JUST
LAUNCHED THEIR UPRISING A FEW DAYS BEFORE -- A REVOLT
THAT TOOK MEXICO AND THE REST OF THE WORLD BY SURPRISE.
NO ONE HAD EXPECTED THAT A GUERRILLA MOVEMENT WITH
WIDESPREAD SUPPORT COULD EXIST IN MEXICO, WHICH HAD JUST
JOINED THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA IN THE NORTH
AMERICAN FREE TRADE AGREEMENT. BUT THE SOUTHERN STATE
OF CHIAPAS HAD BEEN LEFT BEHIND IN MEXICO'S DRIVE TOWARD
PROSPERITY, AND MANY OF THE MAYAN INDIANS AND THE POOR
DECIDED THE ZAPATISTAS OFFERED A CHANCE TO CHANGE THEIR
LIVES. SO THEY COVERED THEIR FACES WITH SKI MASKS OR
BANDANAS, AND JOINED THE REBELS IN THE MOUNTAINS AND
JUNGLES OF CHIAPAS STATE.
THIS WAS TRUE FOR MANY IN SAN ANDRES LARRAINZAR, WHERE
IN JANUARY 1994 I LEARNED THAT MANY OF THE TOWN'S
TWO-THOUSAND PEOPLE HAD EITHER JOINED THE ZAPATISTAS OR
SYMPATHIZED WITH THEIR CAUSE. JUST BEYOND THE TOWN, IN
THE MUDDY ROADS THAT DISAPPEARED INTO THE FOREST-COVERED
MOUNTAINS, WERE ZAPATISTA ROADBLOCKS, MANNED BY
POORLY-ARMED GUERRILLAS. MANY OF THE NEARBY VILLAGES,
MOST WITHOUT ELECTRICITY OR RUNNING WATER, PROVIDED THE
RECRUITS FOR THE REBEL MOVEMENT. RETURNING TO SAN
ANDRES MORE THAN A YEAR LATER, I FOUND A VERY DIFFERENT
PLACE.
TAPE: CUT #3 HAMMERING SOUND
TEXT: THERE WERE WORKMEN SCURRYING AROUND THE CENTRAL PLAZA,
HAMMERING, PAINTING, AND SAWING IN A RUSH TO GET THE
TOWN READY FOR THE PEACE TALKS THAT WERE TO OPEN ON
APRIL 20TH. BEHIND ONE SIDE OF THE PLAZA, A SQUARE,
PLYWOOD STRUCTURE WAS BEING BUILT ON TOP OF A SLAB OF
CEMENT THAT WAS THE TOWN'S MAIN BASKETBALL COURT. THIS
WAS WHERE THE GOVERNMENT AND THE ZAPATISTA NEGOTIATORS
WOULD HOLD THEIR TALKS.
THE MUNICIPAL BUILDINGS SURROUNDING THE SQUARE RECEIVED
A FRESH COAT OF WHITE PAINT, AND ONE BUILDING WAS
REFURBISHED INSIDE TO PROVIDE LIVING FACILITIES FOR THE
REBEL DELEGATION. ACROSS THE PLAZA, A PRESS CENTER WITH
PHONES, TABLES AND TYPEWRITERS WAS SET UP INSIDE A
SCHOOL FOR THE SCORES OF JOURNALISTS WHO WERE ARRIVING
TO COVER THE TALKS.
BOTH THE GOVERNMENT AND THE REBELS HAD AGREED SAN ANDRES
WOULD BE THE PERMANENT SITE FOR THE PEACE TALKS, AND THE
INSTALLATIONS BEING SET UP WERE DESIGNED TO LAST FOR A
LONG NEGOTIATION.
THE ZAPATISTA DELEGATION ARRIVED THE NIGHT BEFORE THE
TALKS WERE SCHEDULED TO BEGIN. THAT AFTERNOON, HUNDREDS
OF INDIANS BEGAN GATHERING ON THE OUSKIRTS OF TOWN TO
AWAIT THE ZAPATISTA'S ARRIVAL AND TO MAKE SURE THEY
WOULD NOT BE HARMED. THE INDIANS CAME FROM COMMUNITIES
THROUGHOUT THE CENTRAL HIGHLANDS, AND REPRESENTED
DIFFERENT TRIBES. THERE WERE TZOTZILES, TZELTALES,
CHAMULANS AND TOJOBALES. SOME WERE DRESSED IN SIMPLE,
WHITE OR BLACK TUNICS, OTHERS WORE MULTI-COLORED SHIRTS
OF RED, BLUE, YELLOW AND PURPLE, ALL INTRICATELY WOVEN.
THE CLOTHING AND THE TEXTURED WEAVING IDENTIFIED THE
WEARER, NOT ONLY BY TRIBE BUT BY VILLAGE.
BY NIGHTFALL, SEVERAL THOUSAND INDIANS HAD LINED THE
MAIN ROAD ENTERING SAN ANDRES LARRAINZAR. AS I DROVE UP
TO THE TOWN, THE INDIANS BLOCKED MY WAY -- AND ONLY LET
ME THROUGH WHEN THEY SAW I HAD THE APPROPRIATE PRESS
CREDENTIALS. I DROVE SLOWLY IN THE DARKNESS, CROWDED ON
EACH SIDE BY MASSES OF PEOPLE PRESSING TOWARD MY CAR.
IT WAS AN EERIE, ALMOST DISCONCERTING SIGHT AS MY
HEADLIGHTS BRIEFLY LIT UP THE FACES IN MY PATH. THE
FACES STARED BACK, FLAT AND SERIOUS, NEITHER SMILING NOR
SPEAKING AS I DROVE BY.
TAPE: CUT #4 DRIVING SOUND
TEXT: ASIDE FROM THE RUMBLE OF MY CAR'S MOTOR, THE ONLY SOUND
WAS THE WIND FLUTTERING THROUGH THE BLACK AND RED
PLASTIC FLAGS AND BANNERS THEY HELD, EMBLAZONED WITH THE
INITIALS E-Z-L-N -- THE ZAPATISTA NATIONAL LIBERATION
ARMY.
WHEN I ARRIVED IN THE TOWN, THE CENTRAL PLAZA WAS FILLED
WITH MORE INDIANS, MANY OF THEM WOMEN HOLDING BABIES, OR
SMALL CHILDREN. MOST HAD BROUGHT THEIR BLANKETS AND
FOOD IN PREPARATION FOR A LONG STAY.
TAPE: CUT #5 - -CROWD SOUNDS
THE ATMOSPHERE WAS FESTIVE, WITH CHILDREN RUNNING ABOUT
AND SMALL FIRES BLAZING TO KEEP AWAY THE CHILL OF THE
NIGHT AIR. WHEN THE ZAPATISTA DELEGATION ARRIVED INSIDE
VEHICLES BELONGING TO THE RED CROSS, CHEERS AND APPLAUSE
FILLED THE PLAZA.
TAPE: CUT #6 - CHEERS/CHANTING
TEXT: "LONG LIVE THE ZAPATISTA NATIONAL LIBERATION ARMY", THEY
CHANTED. "DOWN WITH THE GOVERNMENT AND ITS SOLDIERS.
LONG LIVE ZAPATA."
THE EIGHT MEMBERS OF THE REBEL DELEGATION, EACH ONE
WEARING A SKI MASK, TURNED AND WAVED TO ACKNOWLEDGE THE
SUPPORT OF THE CROWD. BUT THIS DISPLAY BROUGHT DOWN THE
WRATH OF THE MEXICAN GOVERNMENT, WHICH ACCUSED THE
ZAPATISTAS AND THEIR SYMPATHIZERS OF STAGING THIS SHOW
OF SUPPORT.
IN A COMMUNIQUE LATER THAT SAME NIGHT, THE GOVERNMENT
DEMANDED THE DEPARTURE OF THE INDIANS FROM SAN ANDRES
BEFORE IT WOULD AGREE TO SIT DOWN AT THE NEGOTIATING
TABLE. ONE OF THE NEGOTIATORS, GUSTAVO IRUEGAS, TOLD ME
THEIR PRESENCE WAS A VIOLATION OF THE CONDITIONS
PREVIOUSLY AGREED TO FOR HOLDING THE TALKS.
TAPE: CUT #7 - IRUEGAS SPANISH ACT (ESTABLISH, LOSE UNDER)
TEXT: MR. IRUEGAS SAID THE GOVERNMENT COULD NOT PARTICIPATE IN
NEGOTIATIONS IN WHAT HE CALLED A HOSTILE ENVIRONMENT.
THE STANDOFF LASTED FOR TWO DAYS, WITH THE GOVERNMENT
REFUSING TO SEND ITS NEGOTIATORS TO SAN ANDRES WHILE THE
LARGE NUMBERS OF INDIANS REMAINED IN THE TOWN AND
CENTRAL PLAZA.
FINALLY, THE ZAPATISTA NEGOTIATORS BOWED TO THE
GOVERNMENT DEMANDS AND ASKED THEIR SUPPORTERS TO GO
HOME. THEY LEFT LATE FRIDAY, APRIL 21ST, COLLECTING
THEIR BELONGINGS AND WALKING OUT OF TOWN.
FRANCES WISE, AN AMERICAN INDIAN WOMAN FROM OKLAHOMA,
WITNESSED THEIR DEPARTURE. MS. WISE, WHO CAME TO SAN
ANDRES TO HELP MEXICAN CIVIC GROUPS PROVIDE SECURITY FOR
THE TALKS, TOLD ME HOW SHE FELT AS WE STOOD BY THE NOW
DESERTED PLAZA.
TAPE: CUT #8 - WISE
[OPT] "WHEN WE CAME HERE, FIRST OF ALL I DIDN'T EXPECT
THE GREAT NUMBERS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE THAT WERE HERE.
IT WAS AMAZING TO ME, IT WAS BEAUTIFUL; THERE WAS SO
MUCH DIGNITY AND I WATCHED PEOPLE ON THE INDIGENOUS
SECURITY BELT. WOMEN WITH CHILDREN, CHILDREN ON THEIR
BACKS, STANDING FOR HOURS AND HOURS WITH SUCH DIGNITY
AND PATIENCE, AND HOPE. HOPING THAT THESE PEACE TALKS
WOULD START, AND IT WAS JUST HOUR AFTER HOUR HOPING
SOMETHING WOULD HAPPEN. THEN FINALLY YESTERDAY, THEY
WERE TOLD THAT FOR THE PEACE TALKS TO HAPPEN THEY HAD TO
LEAVE. I'M OUTRAGED THAT A GOVERNMENT CAN TELL PEOPLE
WHOSE VERY BUSINESS IT IS THEY'RE DISCUSSING THAT THEY
HAVE TO LEAVE, THAT THEY CAN'T EVEN BE HERE." [END OPT]
WHEN WE WENT BACK TO THE CITY LAST NIGHT, WE WERE ON THE
ROAD ABOUT 9:30 LAST NIGHT AND IT WAS RAINING, AND THERE
WERE HUNDREDS AND HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE WALKING ON THE ROAD
-- WOMEN, CHILDREN AND MEN -- CARRYING THE SUPPLIES THEY
HAD BROUGHT IN TO SUSTAIN THEMSELVES FOR THIS DURATION
OF THE PEACE TALKS. THEY WERE WALKING DOWN THE ROAD.
IT MADE ME SO SAD IT HURT ME. I'M AN INDIGENOUS WOMAN
FROM NORTH AMERICA, AND MY FEELING IS WE ARE ALL THE
SAME PEOPLE AND IT HURT ME AS AN INDIAN WOMAN TO SEE MY
PEOPLE TREATED THAT WAY. THEY DIDN'T COME HERE TO BE A
MENACE, THEY DIDN'T COME HERE IN A THREATENING WAY OR
ATTITUDE; THEY CAME HERE TO SUPPORT THESE PEACE TALKS
BECAUSE IT'S FOR THE FUTURE OF THEIR CHILDREN."
TEXT: AS FRANCES WISE SPOKE, MILITARY POLICE USED METAL
DETECTORS TO EXAMINE THE BELONGINGS OF REPORTERS WHO
WANTED TO ENTER THE PLAZA. SCORES OF UNARMED POLICE NOW
STOOD AROUND THE PERIPHERY OF THE PLAZA, FORMING ONE OF
THE SECURITY CORDONS THAT BOTH SIDES HAD AGREED TO
ESTABLISH FOR HOLDING THE NEGOTIATIONS.
EXCEPT FOR A FEW JOURNALISTS, THE PLAZA WAS EMPTY. ONLY
SCRAPS OF CLOTHING, FRUIT PEELS, AND PIECES OF WOOD
LITTERED THE GROUND AS EVIDENCE OF THE MASSES OF PEOPLE
WHO HAD CAMPED THERE FOR ALMOST THREE DAYS. ANOTHER
CHAPTER HAD BEEN WRITTEN IN SAN ANDRES' LONG HISTORY AS
A SITE WHERE INDIANS AND AUTHORITIES HAVE MET TO TRY TO
SETTLE THEIR DIFFERENCES.
THREE TIMES IN THE PAST, IN 1712, 1869, AND 1911, THE
LEADERS OF INDIAN REVOLTS IN CHIAPAS CAME TO SAN ANDRES
TO TALK OF PEACE. BUT EACH TIME, THE LEADERS WERE
EITHER ARRESTED OR KILLED AND CONDITIONS FOR THE INDIANS
DID NOT IMPROVE.
ON THE DAY THE INDIANS LEFT SAN ANDRES, A BALLADEER
APPEARED ON THE PLAZA IN THE AFTERNOON * AND GATHERED A
CROWD AS HE BEGAN TO STRUM HIS GUITAR. WITH A BEDROLL
STRAPPED ON HIS BACK AND RED BANDANA AROUND HIS NECK, HE
SANG A BALLAD OF THE ZAPATISTA UPRISING.
TAPE: CUT # 9 - SINGING/MUSIC (SLOWLY BRING UP AT *
ESTABLISH, FADE AND HOLD UNDER FOR CLOSE)
TEXT: "PASS ME A HOODED MASK AND WOODEN RIFLE", HE SANG,
"BECAUSE I'M GOING OFF TO WAR AND I HAVE NOTHING TO
LOSE. IF OUR CAUSE IS JUST, WE WIN A SHINING NEW
COUNTRY."
SOME IN THE CROWD NODDED AS HE SANG, CLEARLY MOVED BY
THE WORDS, WHILE OTHERS STOOD LISTENING IMPASSIVELY --
PERHAPS AFRAID TO REVEAL WHAT THEY THOUGHT. YET WAR
NOW SEEMS UNLIKELY, WITH THE TWO SIDES PREPARING TO HOLD
ANOTHER ROUND OF PEACE TALKS. WHAT IS YET TO BE KNOWN
IS IF THE ZAPATISTA REVOLT, SO BLOODY IN ITS EARLY DAYS,
WILL HAVE SUCCEEDED -- AS THE BALLADER'S SONG PROMISED
-- IN BRINGING FORTH A NEW AND SHINING COUNTRY. (SIGNED)
MUSIC: BRING SONG UP AND OUT
HOST: YOU HAVE LISTENING TO REPORTER'S NOTEBOOK ON THE VOICE
OF AMERICA -- A BEHIND THE SCENES LOOK AT THE NEWS EACH
WEEK BY VOA REPORTERS AROUND THE NATION AND THE WORLD.
I'M YOUR HOST ________SITTING IN FOR VACATIONING PAMELA
TAYLOR THIS WEEK. OUR PROGRAM WAS PRODUCED BY
_______AND DIRECTED BY _______. JOIN US AGAIN NEXT WEEK
WHEN WE BRING YOU ANOTHER EDITION OF REPORTER'S
NOTEBOOK.
CART: THEME TO END
NEB/PAM/BR/DC/PCH
10-May-95 4:13 PM EDT (2013 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.268usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=CLOSEUP (TTA)
NUMBER=4-08328
TITLE=US POLICY TOWARD THE BALKANS
BYLINE=ERICA BENIS
TELEPHONE=619-0934
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=PHIL HAYNES
CONTENT= (INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM AUDIO SERVICES)
ANNCR: THE END OF THE CEASE-FIRE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ON MAY
1ST WAS ACCOMPANIED BY NEW FIGHTING IN THE REGION.
RENEWED CLASHES BETWEEN CROATIA AND REBEL SERBS, A
ROCKET ATTACK BY BOSNIAN SERBS ON SARAJEVO, AND KILLINGS
OF U-N PEACEKEEPERS HAVE RAISED NEW FEARS IN THE U-S
GOVERNMENT OF A WIDER WAR IN THE BALKANS. IN THIS
REPORT PREPARED BY VOA'S ERICA BENIS, ___________
EXAMINES PRESENT U-S POLICY TOWARD THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA.
TEXT: SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF FIGHTING IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
MORE THAN TOW YEARS AGO, U-S POLICY HAS HAD TWO MAIN
OBJECTIVES: TO LIMIT THE CONFLICT TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA,
AND TO CONSOLIDATE THE MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION. BOTH
COULD UNRAVEL AT ANY TIME.
KEN JENSEN IS DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL PROGRAMS FOR THE
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE, A GOVERNMENT RESEARCH
AND EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION. HE SAYS THE UNITED STATES
HAS PUT TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON KEEPING CROATIA OUT OF
CONFLICT.
TAPE: CUT ONE JENSEN
"IT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY WE BROKERED THE AGREEMENT
FOR A MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION IN BOSNIA. IT APPEARS NOW
THAT OUR EFFORTS ARE IN GREAT DANGER OF NOT COMING TO
ANYTHING MUCH."
TEXT: IN THE CASE OF THE MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION, U-S
OFFICIALS WERE HOPING THE ARRANGEMENT WOULD LEAD TO THE
CREATION OF AN INTEGRATED GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY. BUT
THE CROATS AND MUSLIMS CONTINUE TO GO THEIR SEPARATE
WAYS.
SUSAN WOODWARD IS A SCHOLAR WITH THE BROOKINGS
INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON AND THE AUTHOR OF A BOOK
ENTITLED, "THE BALKAN TRAGEDY." SHE SAYS THE DIFFICULTY
FOR OUTSIDERS WATCHING THE SITUATION IS HOW
UNPREDICTABLE THINGS ARE.
TAPE: CUT TWO WOODWARD
"WHAT HAPPENED THROUGHOUT THE BALKANS IN THE LAST THREE
OR FOUR YEARS IS THAT EACH SIDE TRIES TO THREATEN THE
OTHER SIDE INTO A BARGAINING POSITION WHERE THEY WILL
ACCEPT SOME DIPLOMATIC AGREEMENT. BUT NEITHER SIDE
AGREES."
TEXT: MS. WOODWARD SAYS THAT IN CROATIA, FOR EXAMPLE, OVER THE
LAST SIX MONTHS THE CROAT AND SERB MILITARY FORCES GOT
CLOSER AND CLOSER TO EACH OTHER ALONG THE SEPARATION
ZONE NEGOTIATED BY THE UNITED NATIONS, THE U-S, AND
RUSSIA ONE YEAR AGO.
TAPE: CUT THREE WOODWARD
"AND SO THE IDEA OF A TINDERBOX -- THAT IS SOMETHING
THAT ONE SMALL EVENT COULD LIGHT UP AN ENORMOUS
CONFLAGRATION -- IS WHAT WE'RE DEALING WITH."
TEXT: ON THE FACE OF IT, THE UNITED STATES AND ITS EUROPEAN
ALLIES ARE HOLDING VERY DIFFERENT POSITIONS ON THE ISSUE
OF LIFTING THE ARMS EMBARGO ON BOSNIA. BUT MR. JENSEN
SAYS THE DIFFERENCES ARE NOT AS GREAT AS THEY SEEM,
BECAUSE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS NOT OPPOSED TO A
BALANCE OF FORCES WITHIN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
TAPE: CUT FOUR JENSEN
"ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THE DIFFERENCE EXISTS IS THAT
THERE IS AN AMERICAN HOPE THAT AT LEAST BY THE THREAT OF
LIFTING THE ARMS EMBARGO, THE BOSNIAN NEGOTIATING
POSITION -- IN THAT THREE-CORNERED RELATIONSHIP WITH
CROATIA AND SERBIA -- MIGHT BE IMPROVED. THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY LOOKS AT THIS SITUATION AS ONE
THAT WILL BE RESOLVED IN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS."
TEXT: SUSAN WOODWARD SAYS THE MAIN REASON THE EUROPEANS DIFFER
WITH THE U-S ON THE ISSUE OF ARMS EMBARGO IS THAT THEY
HAVE TROOPS ON THE GROUND SERVING AS U-N PEACEKEEPERS.
TAPE: CUT FIVE WOODWARD
"IF YOU LIFT THE ARMS EMBARGO, EVEN THOUGH IT MAY NOT
MEAN ANYMORE ARMS THAN THERE ALREADY ARE, WE ARE REALLY
IN A COMBATANT SITUATION, AND THE U-N FORCES MUST
LEAVE."
TEXT: MOREOVER, SAYS MS. WOODWARD, THE CLINTON
ADMINISTRATION'S POSITION WITH REGARD TO THE ARMS
EMBARGO KEEPS CHANGING.
TAPE: CUT SIX WOODWARD
"INSTEAD OF THE ARMS EMBARGO, OR WHAT IT REFERRED TO AS
BOTH 'LIFT' AND 'STRIKE' -- TO LIFT THE ARMS EMBARGO AND
TO USE NATO AIRPOWER AGAINST SERB POSITIONS -- AS A
SOLUTION TO THE WAR IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IT SHIFTED
LAST SPRING, ABOUT TEN MONTHS AGO, TO BELIEVING THAT
THERE IS ONLY A POLITICAL-DIPLOMATIC SOLUTION TO THIS
WAR. THERE IS NO POSSIBLE MILITARY VICTORY ON ANY SIDE,
AND THEREFORE IF WE HAVE FIGHTING IT COULD GO ON FOR
DECADES. THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THERE WILL BE A SHIFT
IN THE CONGRESS AS WELL."
TEXT: MR. JENSEN AGREES THAT PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS MUST BE
PURSUED. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS, THERE IS A
REALITY ON THE GROUND THAT HAS TO BE DEALT WITH.
TAPE: CUT SEVEN WOODWARD
"IN FACT, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS DEALING WITH IT
UNDER AMERICAN LEADERSHIP. I THINK THAT WHAT WE'RE
GOING TO SEE IS A CONTINUATION OF THE KIND OF ATTEMPTS
ON THE PART OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO TURN
STALEMATE INTO PEACE."
TEXT: THE PROBLEM, SAYS KEN JENSEN, IS THAT PREVENTING THE
SITUATION FROM BREAKING OUT INTO A LARGER, MORE
PROTRACTED CONFLICT COULD TAKE A VERY LONG TIME. AND IN
THAT CASE, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MAY DECIDE TO
EXTRACT ITSELF FROM THE PROCESS.
NEB/EB/PCH
10-May-95 3:54 PM EDT (1954 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.269usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=CLOSEUP (TTA)
NUMBER=4-08328
TITLE=US POLICY TOWARD THE BALKANS
BYLINE=ERICA BENIS
TELEPHONE=619-0934
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=PHIL HAYNES
CONTENT= (INSERTS AVAILABLE FROM AUDIO SERVICES)
ANNCR: THE END OF THE CEASE-FIRE IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ON MAY
1ST WAS ACCOMPANIED BY NEW FIGHTING IN THE REGION.
RENEWED CLASHES BETWEEN CROATIA AND REBEL SERBS, A
ROCKET ATTACK BY BOSNIAN SERBS ON SARAJEVO, AND KILLINGS
OF U-N PEACEKEEPERS HAVE RAISED NEW FEARS IN THE U-S
GOVERNMENT OF A WIDER WAR IN THE BALKANS. IN THIS
REPORT PREPARED BY VOA'S ERICA BENIS, ___________
EXAMINES PRESENT U-S POLICY TOWARD THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA.
TEXT: SINCE THE OUTBREAK OF FIGHTING IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA
MORE THAN TOW YEARS AGO, U-S POLICY HAS HAD TWO MAIN
OBJECTIVES: TO LIMIT THE CONFLICT TO BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA,
AND TO CONSOLIDATE THE MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION. BOTH
COULD UNRAVEL AT ANY TIME.
KEN JENSEN IS DIRECTOR OF SPECIAL PROGRAMS FOR THE
UNITED STATES INSTITUTE OF PEACE, A GOVERNMENT RESEARCH
AND EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATION. HE SAYS THE UNITED STATES
HAS PUT TOO MUCH EMPHASIS ON KEEPING CROATIA OUT OF
CONFLICT.
TAPE: CUT ONE JENSEN
"IT WAS ONE OF THE REASONS WHY WE BROKERED THE AGREEMENT
FOR A MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION IN BOSNIA. IT APPEARS NOW
THAT OUR EFFORTS ARE IN GREAT DANGER OF NOT COMING TO
ANYTHING MUCH."
TEXT: IN THE CASE OF THE MUSLIM-CROAT FEDERATION, U-S
OFFICIALS WERE HOPING THE ARRANGEMENT WOULD LEAD TO THE
CREATION OF AN INTEGRATED GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY. BUT
THE CROATS AND MUSLIMS CONTINUE TO GO THEIR SEPARATE
WAYS.
SUSAN WOODWARD IS A SCHOLAR WITH THE BROOKINGS
INSTITUTION IN WASHINGTON AND THE AUTHOR OF A BOOK
ENTITLED, "THE BALKAN TRAGEDY." SHE SAYS THE DIFFICULTY
FOR OUTSIDERS WATCHING THE SITUATION IS HOW
UNPREDICTABLE THINGS ARE.
TAPE: CUT TWO WOODWARD
"WHAT HAPPENED THROUGHOUT THE BALKANS IN THE LAST THREE
OR FOUR YEARS IS THAT EACH SIDE TRIES TO THREATEN THE
OTHER SIDE INTO A BARGAINING POSITION WHERE THEY WILL
ACCEPT SOME DIPLOMATIC AGREEMENT. BUT NEITHER SIDE
AGREES."
TEXT: MS. WOODWARD SAYS THAT IN CROATIA, FOR EXAMPLE, OVER THE
LAST SIX MONTHS THE CROAT AND SERB MILITARY FORCES GOT
CLOSER AND CLOSER TO EACH OTHER ALONG THE SEPARATION
ZONE NEGOTIATED BY THE UNITED NATIONS, THE U-S, AND
RUSSIA ONE YEAR AGO.
TAPE: CUT THREE WOODWARD
"AND SO THE IDEA OF A TINDERBOX -- THAT IS SOMETHING
THAT ONE SMALL EVENT COULD LIGHT UP AN ENORMOUS
CONFLAGRATION -- IS WHAT WE'RE DEALING WITH."
TEXT: ON THE FACE OF IT, THE UNITED STATES AND ITS EUROPEAN
ALLIES ARE HOLDING VERY DIFFERENT POSITIONS ON THE ISSUE
OF LIFTING THE ARMS EMBARGO ON BOSNIA. BUT MR. JENSEN
SAYS THE DIFFERENCES ARE NOT AS GREAT AS THEY SEEM,
BECAUSE THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS NOT OPPOSED TO A
BALANCE OF FORCES WITHIN FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
TAPE: CUT FOUR JENSEN
"ONE OF THE REASONS WHY THE DIFFERENCE EXISTS IS THAT
THERE IS AN AMERICAN HOPE THAT AT LEAST BY THE THREAT OF
LIFTING THE ARMS EMBARGO, THE BOSNIAN NEGOTIATING
POSITION -- IN THAT THREE-CORNERED RELATIONSHIP WITH
CROATIA AND SERBIA -- MIGHT BE IMPROVED. THE
INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY LOOKS AT THIS SITUATION AS ONE
THAT WILL BE RESOLVED IN PEACE NEGOTIATIONS."
TEXT: SUSAN WOODWARD SAYS THE MAIN REASON THE EUROPEANS DIFFER
WITH THE U-S ON THIS ISSUE IS THAT THEY HAVE TROOPS ON
THE GROUND SERVING AS U-N PEACEKEEPERS.
TAPE: CUT FIVE WOODWARD
"IF YOU LIFT THE ARMS EMBARGO, EVEN THOUGH IT MAY NOT
MEAN ANYMORE ARMS THAN THERE ALREADY ARE, WE ARE REALLY
IN A COMBATANT SITUATION, AND THE U-N FORCES MUST
LEAVE."
TEXT: MOREOVER, SAYS MS. WOODWARD, THE CLINTON
ADMINISTRATION'S POSITION WITH REGARD TO THE ARMS
EMBARGO KEEPS CHANGING.
TAPE: CUT SIX WOODWARD
"INSTEAD OF THE ARMS EMBARGO, OR WHAT IT REFERRED TO AS
BOTH 'LIFT' AND 'STRIKE' -- TO LIFT THE ARMS EMBARGO AND
TO USE NATO AIRPOWER AGAINST SERB POSITIONS -- AS A
SOLUTION TO THE WAR IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA, IT SHIFTED
LAST SPRING, ABOUT TEN MONTHS AGO, TO BELIEVING THAT
THERE IS ONLY A POLITICAL-DIPLOMATIC SOLUTION TO THIS
WAR. THERE IS NO POSSIBLE MILITARY VICTORY ON ANY SIDE,
AND THEREFORE IF WE HAVE FIGHTING IT COULD GO ON FOR
DECADES. THE QUESTION IS WHETHER THERE WILL BE A SHIFT
IN THE CONGRESS AS WELL."
TEXT: MR. JENSEN AGREES THAT PEACEFUL SOLUTIONS MUST BE
PURSUED. BUT AT THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS, THERE IS A
REALITY ON THE GROUND THAT HAS TO BE DEALT WITH.
TAPE: CUT SEVEN WOODWARD
"IN FACT, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY IS DEALING WITH IT
UNDER AMERICAN LEADERSHIP. I THINK THAT WHAT WE'RE
GOING TO SEE IS A CONTINUATION OF THE KIND OF ATTEMPTS
ON THE PART OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO TURN
STABILITY OR STALEMATE, IF YOU WILL, INTO PEACE."
TEXT: THE PROBLEM, SAYS KEN JENSEN, IS THAT PREVENTING THE
SITUATION FROM BREAKING OUT INTO A LARGER, MORE
PROTRACTED CONFLICT COULD TAKE A VERY LONG TIME. AND IN
THAT CASE, THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY MAY DECIDE TO
EXTRACT ITSELF FROM THE PROCESS.
NEB/EB/PCH
10-May-95 5:12 PM EDT (2112 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.270usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178227
TITLE= YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE= WAYNE COREY
DATELINE= VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL SARAJEVO HAS AGAIN BEEN SHELLED, AND
AT LEAST FOUR PEOPLE HAVE BEEN INJURED. AS THE MILITARY
SITUATION IN AND AROUND SARAJEVO WORSENS, A UNITED NATIONS
OFFICIAL THERE IS CALLING FOR AN INTERNATIONAL DEBATE ON THE U-N
MISSION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM
OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: MORTAR ROUNDS EXPLODED IN THE CENTER OF SARAJEVO AND
SNIPERS OPENED FIRE AGAIN. THE SHELLING AND SHOOTING OCCURRED
AFTER THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND SAID IT COULD NOT PROTECT THE
CITY FROM SERB ATTACKS.
THE COMMAND SAYS THE SERBS ARE STEADILY STRANGLING SARAJEVO AND
THAT THERE IS LITTLE U-N FORCES CAN DO ABOUT IT.
AT THE SAME TIME, HEAVY FIGHTING IS REPORTED BETWEEN MUSLIM-LED
GOVERNMENT TROOPS AND SERB FORCES ALONG A STRATEGIC CORRIDOR THAT
LINKS SERB-HELD TERRITORY IN NORTHEASTERN BOSNIA.
THE SERBS CLAIM THEY HAVE SHOT DOWN A GOVERNMENT HELICOPTER OVER
THE EASTERN MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF ZEPA. TWELVE PEOPLE ARE SAID TO
HAVE BEEN KILLED, INCLUDING BOSNIAN ARMY OFFICERS.
THE MILITARY SITUATION IN BOSNIA IS ESCALATING FOLLOWING THE END
OF A FOUR-MONTH OFFICIAL CEASEFIRE THAT HELPED TO RESTRAIN BUT
DID NOT END THE FIGHTING.
IT IS THE WORSENING SITUATION IN AND AROUND SARAJEVO, THOUGH, AND
THE INABILITY OF U-N FORCES TO DO MUCH ABOUT IT THAT IS AGAIN
ATTRACTING INTERNATIONAL CONCERN.
A SENIOR U-N OFFICIAL IN THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL, COLUM MURPHY, IS
CALLING FOR AN INTERNATIONAL DEBATE ON THE U-N MISSION IN
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. HE SAYS THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY SHOULD
DECIDE IF IT WANTS U-N TROOPS TO REMAIN SIMPLY OBSERVERS OR IF IT
WANTS THEM TO ENFORCE A PEACE.
IF U-N SOLDIERS ARE TO ENFORCE U-N RESOLUTIONS ON THE BOSNIAN
CONFLICT, MR. MURPHY SAYS THEY HAVE TO BE GIVEN THE MEANS TO DO
THAT.
THE U-N COMMAND CAN STILL ASK FOR NATO AIRPOWER TO HELP PROTECT
ITS TROOPS ON THE GROUND OR TO HELP ENFORCE U-N RESOLUTIONS.
BUT, SENIOR U-N OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA FEAR NATO AIR
STRIKES WOULD ONLY ANGER THE SERBS AND LEAD TO REPRISALS AGAINST
U-N SOLDIERS.
SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS GHALI WILL MEET LATER THIS WEEK
WITH KEY U-N CIVILIAN AND MILITARY OFFICIALS TO REVIEW THE
SITUATION IN BOSNIA AND IN NEIGHBORING CROATIA.
WESTERN DIPLOMATS SAY THE WAR IN BOSNIA WAS BOUND TO GET WORSE
BECAUSE OF THE U-N APPEASEMENT OF THE SERBS AND BECAUSE THERE IS
NO SIGNIFICANT MOVEMENT IN THE PEACE PROCESS. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH/GPT
10-May-95 11:57 AM EDT (1557 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.271usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178215
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: SARAJEVO HAS BEEN SHELLED AGAIN, AND A UNITED NATIONS
OFFICIAL THERE IS CALLING FOR AN INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY TO
REVIEW THE MANDATE OF U-N FORCES IN BOSNIA. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY
REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: MORTAR ROUNDS SLAMMED INTO THE CENTER OF SARAJEVO. A
NUMBER OF PEOPLE WERE INJURED.
THE SHELLING FOLLOWED THE U-N COMMAND'S ADMISSION THAT IT COULD
NOT PROTECT THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL, ONE OF THE U-N/DECLARED SAFE
AREAS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
A U-N OFFICIAL IN SARAJEVO IS CALLING FOR A SERIOUS INTERNATIONAL
DEBATE ON WHETHER U-N FORCES IN BOSNIA SHOULD ONLY TRY TO KEEP
THE PEACE, AS THEY ARE DOING NOW, OR ENFORCE IT.
IF THE INTERNATIONAL COMMUNITY WANTS U-N SOLDIERS TO ENFORCE U-N
RESOLUTIONS ON THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT, THE OFFICIAL SAYS THE MEANS
TO DO THAT MUST BE PROVIDED.
SENIOR U-N OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA HAVE BEEN
CRITICIZED FOR NOT ORDERING RETALIATORY NATO AIR STRIKES AFTER A
DEADLY SERB SHELLING ATTACK ON A SARAJEVO SUBURB LAST WEEKEND.
THE DECISION NOT TO CALL FOR NATO ACTION WAS BASED PARTLY ON FEAR
OF SERB REPRISALS AGAINST LIGHTLY-ARMED U-N TROOPS IN SARAJEVO OR
ELSEWHERE IN BOSNIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH
10-May-95 7:00 AM EDT (1100 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.272usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178262
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S) UPDATE
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
///NEW INFO THRUOUT. THIS MAY BE USED AS AN UPDATE OR AS AN
OVERNIGHTER///
INTRO: SARAJEVO HAS BEEN SHAKEN BY ANOTHER MORTAR ATTACK AND BY
SNIPER FIRE AS THE BOSNIAN SERBS TIGHTEN THEIR STRANGLEHOLD ON
THE CITY. IN CROATIA, THE UNITED NATIONS HAS WARNED OF A
POSSIBLE, NEW OUTBREAK OF SERIOUS FIGHTING BETWEEN THE CROATIAN
ARMY AND REBEL SERBS. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM OUR
CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: AT LEAST EIGHT PEOPLE WERE INJURED BY THE MORTAR ATTACK
AND BY SERB SNIPER FIRE IN SARAJEVO. TWO CIVILIANS IN A
SERB-HELD SUBURB WERE ALSO INJURED BY GOVERNMENT SNIPERS.
IT WAS THE HEAVIEST SNIPING IN SARAJEVO IN WEEKS. ADDING TO THE
THREATS FACED BY THE PEOPLE THERE, THE SERBS HAVE WARNED THEY
WILL SHOOT ANY CIVILIANS USING A ROAD THAT LINKS TWO
GOVERNMENT-HELD SUBURBS.
MEANWHILE, THE UNITED NATIONS MISSION IN CROATIA IS WARNING THAT
RENEWED FIGHTING IN THE COUNTRY IS ALMOST INEVITABLE IF THE
CROATIAN ARMY DOES NOT ALLOW U-N PEACE-KEEPERS TO BE DEPLOYED
ALONG FRONTLINES WITH THE REBEL SERBS.
GOVERNMENT TROOPS ARE SAID TO BE BLOCKING U-N PEACE-KEEPERS AND
ARE STILL OCCUPYING NEW POSITIONS IN BUFFER ZONES FROM WHICH THEY
ARE SUPPOSED TO WITHDRAW.
THE POSITIONS WERE OCCUPIED EARLY THIS MONTH WHEN THE CROATIAN
ARMY RECAPTURED THE POORLY-DEFENDED SERB-CONTROLLED REGION OF
WESTERN SLAVONIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/PT
10-May-95 6:49 PM EDT (2249 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.273usisbel,
DATE=5/10/95
TYPE=MAKING DEMOCRACY WORK #617
NUMBER=3-21885
TITLE=ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS (L)
BYLINE=MARILYN SILVEY
TELEPHONE=619-1173
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=NANCY SMART
CONTENT=
(TAPE CUTS IN SOUND ON DEMAND)
INTRO: U-S GOVERNMENT POLICIES OF AFFIRMATIVE ACTION -- GIVING
PREFERENTIAL TREATMENT TO WOMEN AND MINORITIES TO HELP
THEM ADVANCE ECONOMICALLY -- ARE UNDER DEBATE IN BOTH
THE CONGRESS AND THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH. EVEN IF SUCH
POLICIES ARE ENDED, THERE ARE STILL CIVIL RIGHTS LAWS
DESIGNED TO ENSURE EQUAL OPPORTUNITY FOR ALL CITIZENS.
MARILYN SILVEY.
TEXT: POLLS SHOW THAT MOST AMERICANS CONTINUE TO SUPPORT
EFFORTS TO EXPAND OPPORTUNITIES FOR MINORITIES. THE
QUESTION IS HOW BEST FOR THE GOVERNMENT TO DO THAT.
ONE WAY IS THROUGH ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS. A NUMBER
OF SUCH LAWS HAVE BEEN ENACTED IN THE UNITED STATES AS
PART OF FEDERAL CIVIL RIGHTS LEGISLATION. WILL
MARSHALL, DIRECTOR OF THE PROGRESSIVE FOUNDATION,
EXPLAINS HOW THE SYSTEM WORKS:
TAPE: CUT ONE -- WILL MARSHALL :41
"TYPICALLY, THE PARTIES WORK OUT A SETTLEMENT OUT OF
COURT THAT IS SUPPOSED TO BE A REMEDY. THAT IS, IF IT'S
DECIDED THAT, SAY, THE ALABAMA STATE POLICE, TO TAKE ONE
FAMOUS CASE, HAVE BEEN ROUTINELY EXCLUDING BLACKS, NOT
LETTING THEM BE EMPLOYED, THE COURTS ACTUALLY WORKED OUT
WHAT AMOUNTED TO A QUOTA: A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF NEW
HIRES HAVE TO BE BLACK, AND A CERTAIN PERCENTAGE OF
PROMOTIONS HAVE TO BE BLACK (OFFICERS). I THINK WHEN
YOU CAN LINK SUCH REMEDIES TO PALPABLE INSTANCES OF PAST
DISCRIMINATION, AS WAS CERTAINLY THE CASE WITH THE
ALABAMA STATE POLICE, THEN THOSE KINDS OF REMEDIES ARE
PROPER."
TEXT: HOWEVER, MR. MARSHALL SAYS, THE COURTS HAVE BEEN VERY
CAREFUL TO MAKE SURE THAT SUCH REMEDIES ARE TEMPORARY
AND NARROWLY-TAILORED TO SPECIFIC INSTANCES.
NOW THERE ARE PROPOSALS TO MAKE THE LAWS STRONGER, AND
TO INVOLVE CRIMINAL PENALTIES, SUCH AS JAIL SENTENCES.
THIS IS NOT A NEW IDEA, BUT ONE GOING BACK IN THIS
COUNTRY AT LEAST 120 YEARS, ACCORDING TO HARVARD LAW
SCHOOL PROFESSOR RANDALL KENNEDY:
TAPE: CUT TWO -- RANDALL KENNEDY :20
"IT SHOULD BE NOTED, FOR THOSE WHO ARE INTERESTED IN
THIS IDEA OF CRIMINALIZING DISCRIMINATION, THAT IN THE
19TH CENTURY, CIVIL RIGHTS ACTS DID CRIMINALIZE
DISCRIMINATION. FOR INSTANCE, THE CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF
1875 CRIMINALIZED EXCLUSION OF PEOPLE OF COLOR FROM
PLACES OF PUBLIC ACCOMODATION. IT WAS A CRIMINAL
OFFENSE."
TEXT: BUT MR. KENNEDY, WHO IS AFRICAN-AMERICAN, SAYS THAT NO
LAW, REGARDLESS OF PENALTY, CAN ENSURE EQUAL
OPPORTUNITY.
TAPE: CUT THREE -- RANDALL KENNEDY :29
"EQUAL OPPORTUNITY LAWS CAN CERTAINLY BE HELPFUL, IT
SEEMS TO ME, IN FACT, THAT THEY ARE ESSENTIAL. BUT CAN
THEY ENSURE SAME TREATMENT? NO, THEY CAN'T ENSURE SAME
TREATMENT, BECAUSE THERE'S ALWAYS GOING TO BE AN AMOUNT
OF UNDER-ENFORCEMENT OF THE LAW. THE POLITICAL ECONOMY
OF LITIGATION VIRTUALLY ENSURES THAT. AFTER ALL, IN
ORDER TO ENFORCE ONE'S RIGHTS, ONE HAS TO KNOW THAT
YOU'RE BEING DISCRIMINATED AGAINST."
TEXT: FOR EXAMPLE, SAYS MR. KENNEDY, AN AFRICAN-AMERICAN WHO
IS NOT HIRED FOR A JOB RARELY KNOWS WHO ELSE WAS
COMPETING FOR THAT JOB.
(OPT. STATISTICS, MR. KENNEDY SAYS, BEAR HIM OUT. ONLY
20 PERCENT OF LAWSUITS BY AMERICANS BROUGHT UNDER THE
1964 CIVIL RIGHTS ACT'S EMPLOYMENT PROVISIONS HAVE BEEN
BROUGHT BY PEOPLE WHO BELIEVE THEY WERE DENIED A JOB ON
THE BASIS OF RACE OR GENDER, WHILE 60 PERCENT HAVE BEEN
FILED BY PEOPLE DISCHARGED FROM JOBS. END OPT.)
ANOTHER PROBLEM WITH ANTI-DISCRIMINATION LAWS IS THAT
PEOPLE WHO FEEL THEY HAVE EXPERIENCED DISCRIMINATION
MUST HIRE A LAWYER AND SUE FOR REDRESS. USUALLY THAT'S
EXPENSIVE, TIME-CONSUMING AND STRESSFUL, ACCORDING TO
PENDA HAIR, OF THE N-A-A-C-P LEGAL DEFENSE AND
EDUCATIONAL FUND, WHO HAS REPRESENTED MANY SUCH CLIENTS.
TAPE: CUT FOUR -- PAULA HAIR :24
"WE TELL CLIENTS WHEN THEY COME IN, 'YOU ARE NOT DOING
THIS FOR YOUSELF, DON'T EXPECT TO GET MUCH OUT OF THIS
FOR YOURSELF, IF ANYTHING. YOU ARE DOING THIS FOR YOUR
CHILDREN, FOR FUTURE GENERATIONS, (OPT. BECAUSE BRINGING
A LAWSUIT PUTS YOU THROUGH HELL. END OPT.)" IT'S VERY,
VERY DIFFICULT TO LITIGATE AN EMPLOYMENT-DISCRIMINATION
LAWSUIT. IT IS A PAINSTAKING PROCESS TO BRING EMPLOYERS
AND UNIONS INTO COMPLIANCE."
TEXT: (OPT. SOME PEOPLE, SUCH AS MARGERY TURNER, OF THE U-S
DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT, BELIEVE
THERE NEEDS TO BE MORE TESTING OF THE CURRENT LAWS
AGAINST DISCRIMINATION. SHE EXPLAINS A WAY TO TEST FOR
DISCRIMINATORY TREATMENT - FOR EXAMPLE, IN SEEKING
EMPLOYMENT, OR ATTEMPTING TO RENT A HOUSE OR APARTMENT:
TAPE: CUT FIVE -- MARGERY TURNER :22
"TWO PEOPLE WHO ARE SIMILIAR IN EVERY RESPECT, EXCEPT
THE ONE UNDER EXAMINATION - SAY RACE - APPLY FOR A
SERVICE OR A BENEFIT OR A PRODUCT. THEIR QUALIFICATIONS
ARE EXACTLY THE SAME, SO THAT ANY SYSTEMATIC DIFFERENCES
OBSERVED IN THE WAY THEY ARE TREATED CAN ONLY BE
ATTRIBUTED TO THE DIFFERENCE IN RACE."
TEXT: SUCH TESTING, MS. TURNER SAYS, CAN ACT AS A DETERRENT -
LIKE A POLICEMAN ON A HIGHWAY TO CHECK SPEEDING - TO
MAKE EVERYONE MORE CONSCIOUS OF OBEYING THE LAW. END
OPT.)
WILL MARSHALL, OF THE PROGRESSIVE FOUNDATION, BELIEVES
THAT TO HELP FURTHER EQUALITY OF OPPORTUNITY, THE UNITED
STATES GOVERNMENT SHOULD REQUIRE EMPLOYERS TO FILE
PUBLIC RECORDS ABOUT THE COMPOSITION OF THEIR WORK
FORCE.
TAPE: CUT SIX -- WILL MARSH :14
"AND THEN USING PUBLIC PRESSURE, MAYBE THE THREAT OF A
CONSUMER BOYCOTT, TO PRESSURE THOSE THAT ARE ROUTINELY
FAILING TO HIRE WOMEN AND MINORITIES - SUBJECTING THEM
TO PUBLIC PRESSURE. I THINK THAT MAKES A LOT OF SENSE."
TEXT: MR. MARSHALL SAYS THE BEST WAY TO ENCOURAGE EMPLOYERS TO
HIRE WOMEN AND MINORITIES MAY BE A COMBINATION OF LEGAL
AND MORAL PRESSURE: TO RETAIN THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK THAT
CURRENTLY EXISTS IN THE UNITED STATES, AND TO ADD SUCH
THINGS AS MORE TESTING OF THE LAWS AND THE FILING OF
PUBLIC RECORDS. (SIGNED)
11-May-95 6:08 PM EDT (2208 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.274usisbel,
DATE=5/11/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178279
TITLE=E-U / ARMS (L-ONLY)
BYLINE=JOHN FRASER
DATELINE=BRUSSELS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A COALITION OF NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS, WHICH
INCLUDES CHURCH AND CHARITY GROUPS, HAS LAUNCHED AN APPEAL FOR
THE EUROPEAN UNION TO ADOPT A STRICTER CODE OF CONDUCT ON THE
SALE OF ARMS. THE COALITION SAYS ARMS SOLD BY THE EUROPEAN UNION
HAVE BEEN USED AGAINST U-N PEACEKEEPERS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AND
RWANDA. JOHN FRASER REPORTS FROM BRUSSELS.
TEXT: THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS WHICH LAUNCHED THE
APPEAL SAY EUROPEAN UNION GOVERNMENTS ARE HYPOCRITICAL. IN A
JOINT STATEMENT, THEY ACCUSE EUROPEAN MINISTERS OF DISCUSSING
PEACE INITIATIVES AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION, WHILE OPENLY FUELING
THE CONFLICTS THEY ARE TRYING TO STOP.
THE CAMPAIGN HAS WON THE SUPPORT OF THE ETHIOPIAN AMBASSADOR TO
THE EUROPEAN UNION, PETER ROBLEH. HE SAYS HIS COUNTRY HAS
SUFFERED BECAUSE OF A LACK OF CONTROLS ON THE ARMS TRADE.
/// ROBLEH ACT ///
ETHIOPIA HAS GONE THROUGH THE GAUNTLET, OR THROUGH HELL,
IN TERMS OF THE AMOUNT OF WEAPONS THAT HAVE BEEN POURED
INTO THE COUNTRY. PARTICULARLY BY THE FORMER ALLIES OF
THE FORMER DICTATORSHIP IN ETHIOPIA. SO, IN THAT
RESPECT, WE HAVE LOST THOUSANDS OF PEOPLE, THE
ENVIRONMENT HAS BEEN DAMAGED, THE COUNTRY HAS BEEN
BROUGHT TO RUINS. SO, WE HAVE EVERY INTEREST IN SEEING
THERE IS AN INTERNATIONAL CODE OF CONDUCT IN THE EXPORT
OF WEAPONS.
/// END ACT ///
HE ADDED OTHER AFRICAN COUNTRIES, SUCH AS SOMALIA, ANGOLA,
LIBERIA, SIERRA LEONE, AND MOZAMBIQUE, HAVE ALSO BEEN DEVASTATED
BECAUSE OF ARMS EXPORTS.
THE NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANIZATIONS ARE CALLING FOR THE EUROPEAN
UNION TO CONSIDER THE HUMAN RIGHTS RECORDS, AND THE INTERNAL AND
REGIONAL STABILITY OF THE COUNTRIES TO WHICH THEY PLAN TO SELL
WEAPONS -- AS WELL AS OTHER CRITERIA.
THEY ARE COORDINATING THEIR CAMPAIGN WITH A SIMILAR APPEAL BEING
MADE TO THE U-S GOVERNMENT. THEY SAY THEIR ACTION IS DIRECTED AT
THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES BECAUSE THEY, TOGETHER,
DOMINATE THE WORLD ARMS TRADE. (SIGNED)
NEB/JF/SKH/RAE
11-May-95 6:49 AM EDT (1049 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.275usisbel,
DATE=5/11/95
TYPE=COMPUTER DIGEST 95-63
NUMBER=3-21874
TITLE=MCI, MEDICINE, MINORITIES, SURFING, PIRACY
BYLINE=DAN NOBLE
TELEPHONE=619-1014
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
EDITOR=KLEINFELDT
CONTENT=
INTRO: ON THIS EDITION OF COMPUTER DIGEST:
A PROPOSED PARTNERSHIP BETWEEN A COMMUNICATIONS COMPANY
AND A MEDIA GIANT,
USING HIGH-TECHNOLOGY TO EDUCATE MEDICAL PATIENTS,
CYBERSPACE FOR MINORITY GROUPS,
THE THREE-DIMENSIONS OF CYBERSPACE,
AND, FACTS ON SOFTWARE PIRACY.
*****
MCI
TEXT: ON WEDNESDAY (FYI - MAY 11) THE MCI COMMUNICATIONS
CORPORATION "ANNOUNCED IT WILL INVEST UP TO $2 BILLION
IN RUPERT MURDOCH'S NEWS CORPORATION AND FORM A JOINT
VENTURE COMPANY WITH THE AUSTRALIAN MEDIA GIANT." THE
WALL STREET JOURNAL REPORTS THAT THE AGREEMENT "MARRIES
THE NATION'S SECOND-LARGEST LONG-DISTANCE TELEPHONE
COMPANY WITH A DIVERSIFIED MEDIA CONGLOMERATE THAT OWNS
THE TWENTIETH CENTURY FOX STUDIO, THE FOX TELEVISION
NETWORK, TV GUIDE MAGAZINE, THE HARPER-COLLINS
PUBLISHING COMPANY AND A HOST OF OTHER MEDIA
PROPERTIES." THE NEWSPAPER SAYS THAT THE DEAL "WAS
FUELED LESS BY DREAMS OF BUILDING A COSTLY INTERACTIVE
VIDEO ENTERTAINMENT OR WIRELESS PHONE NETWORK THAN BY
HOPES OF GIVING BUSINESSES AND CONSUMERS ENHANCED ACCESS
TO ELECTRONIC SERVICES THROUGH EXISTING NETWORKS."
*****
MEDICINE
TEXT: A NEW CD-ROM BASED SYSTEM, UNVEILED MONDAY (FYI - MAY
11), IS DESIGNED TO BETTER EDUCATE FEMALE PATIENTS AND
ASSURE THEIR "INFORMED CONSENT" FOR MEDICAL TREATMENT.
DESIGNED FOR OBSTETRICIANS AND GYNECOLOGISTS -- FOR USE
IN THEIR OFFICES -- THE DISCS "COVER TOPICS RANGING FROM
LABOR AND DELIVERY TO HYSTERECTOMY AND ABNORMAL PAP
SMEARS." DOCTOR LARRY GRIFFIN, A PHYSICIAN INVOLVED
WITH THE PROJECT, TOLD THE USA TODAY NEWSPAPER THAT THE
PROGRAM "COULD CUT THE SKYROCKETING RATE OF MALPRACTICE
SUITS." HE ADDS THAT "THE INTEREST LEVEL HAS BEEN
PHENOMENAL."
*****
MINORITIES
TEXT: ACCORDING TO MINORITY MARKETS ALERT, A NEWSLETTER ON
TRENDS, AFRICAN-AMERICANS OWN 5% OF THE MODEMS IN THE
UNITED STATES. (///OPT///) MODEMS ARE DEVICES THAT LINK
PERSONAL COMPUTERS THROUGH TELEPHONE LINES (///END
OPT///). IRA MAYER, THE NEWSLETTER'S PUBLISHER, TOLD
THE WALL STREET JOURNAL, THAT HE THINKS THE 5% FIGURE IS
"PRETTY SUBSTANTIAL GIVEN THE OTHER SOCIO-ECONOMIC
FACTORS INVOLVED." THE NEWSPAPER SAYS THAT SOME OF THE
COUNTRY'S BIG SUBSCRIBER SYSTEMS LIKE COMPUSERVE,
PRODIGY, AND AMERICA ONLINE "ARE ADDING FORUMS
ACCESSIBLE BY COMBINING ETHNIC KEYWORDS SUCH AS AFRICAN,
AFRICAN-AMERICAN, HISPANIC, LATINO AND ASIAN." FOR
EXAMPLE, SINCE NOVEMBER LATINONET, AN ENGLISH-LANGUAGE
SUBSCRIBER SERVICE HAS BEEN LINKING HISPANIC GROUPS
NATIONWIDE. THE JOURNAL EXPECTS THE TREND TO CONTINUE.
*****
SURFING
TEXT: NEWSWEEK MAGAZINE REPORTS THAT THE VIRTUAL WORLD OF
CYBERSPACE "IS ABOUT TO LOOK A BIT MORE LIKE THE REAL
WORLD AS NEW TECHNOLOGY IS NOW BEING INTRODUCED. HIGH
TECH SOFTWARE, VRML -- VIRTUAL REALITY MODELING LANGUAGE
-- IS NOW MAKING IT POSSIBLE TO BRING 3-D IMAGING TO THE
WORLD WIDE WEB. NEWSWEEK SAYS THAT COMPUTER USERS "WILL
BE ABLE TO CRUISE THROUGH REPRESENTATIONS OF A CITY
NEIGHBORHOOD OR A MALL, VISITING SHIPS SIMPLY BY
(ELECTRONICALLY) 'WALKING' DOWN A CORRIDOR AND CLICKING
ON THE DOOR." ACCORDING TO JERRY MICHALSI, EDITOR OF
RELEASE 1.0, AN ELECTRONICS-INDUSTRY NEWSLETTER, "THIS
IS THE EARLIEST MANIFESTATION OF WHAT'S POSSIBLE."
*****
PIRACY
TEXT: SOFTWARE PIRACY -- THE ILLEGAL COPYING OF COMPUTER
PROGRAMS -- CONTINUES TO PLAGUE THE INDUSTRY AROUND THE
GLOBE. IN ITS ANNUAL GLOBAL SURVEY, THE BUSINESS
SOFTWARE ALLIANCE, SAYS THAT INCREASES IN LOSSES DUE TO
SOFTWARE THEFT IN 1994, EXCEEDED $15.2 BILLION. THE
ALLIANCE SAYS THAT GOVERNMENTS' COOPERATION AND
COMMITMENT TO STRICT INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY PROTECTION IS
CRITICAL. THE GROUP, WHICH IS ACTIVE IN MORE THAN 60
COUNTRIES SAYS THAT SINCE ITS INCEPTION IN 1988, IT HAS
FILED NEARLY 600 LAWSUITS WORLDWIDE AGAINST SUSPECTED
SOFTWARE COPYRIGHT INFRINGERS.
*****
11-May-95 2:42 PM EDT (1842 UTC)
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voa.276usisbel,
DATE=5/11/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178298
TITLE=U-S/CROATIA (S ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES HAS WARNED THE CROATIAN SERBS OF
SERIOUS CONSEQUENCES IF ANY AMERICAN FACILITIES ARE HIT IN
FURTHER SERB SHELLING ATTACKS ON ZAGREB. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY
REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR TO CROATIA, PETER GALBRAITH, SAYS
THE REBEL SERBS HAVE BEEN TOLD THAT ROCKETS THEY FIRED INTO
ZAGREB LAST WEEK EXPLODED NEAR THE U-S EMBASSY AND NEAR A U-S
MILITARY HOSPITAL AT THE AIRPORT.
THE SERBS SHELLED THE CROATIAN CAPITAL IN RETALIATION FOR THE
RECAPTURE BY GOVERNMENT TROOPS OF THE SERB-HELD REGION OF WESTERN
SLAVONIA.
IF THE U-S EMBASSY OR THE MILITARY HOSPITAL ARE HIT IN ANY
FURTHER SHELLING ATTACKS ON ZAGREB, AMBASSADOR GALBRAITH SAYS THE
UNITED STATES HAS WARNED THE SERBS OF SEVERE CONSEQUENCES.
MR. GALBRAITH DID NOT DIRECTLY REFER TO POSSIBLE AMERICAN
MILITARY RETALIATION. BUT, HE SAYS, AMERICAN PRESIDENTS HAVE
CONSIDERED ATTACKS ON U-S TROOPS AND FACILITIES IN FOREIGN
COUNTRIES TO BE VERY SIMILAR TO ATTACKS ON THE UNITED STATES
ITSELF.
THE UNITED STATES HAS SIGNIFICANT AIR AND NAVAL FORCES IN
SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE. THEY WOULD BE ALMOST IMMEDIATELY AVAILABLE
IF MILITARY ACTION WAS ORDERED IN RESPONSE TO ANY ATTACK ON U-S
FACILITIES IN ZAGREB. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH/BG
11-May-95 11:35 AM EDT (1535 UTC)
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voa.277usisbel,
DATE=5/11/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178296
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L-ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A FRENCH SOLDIER HAS BEEN SERIOUSLY WOUNDED BY A SNIPER
IN SARAJEVO. A UNITED NATIONS SPOKESMAN THERE SAYS THE SITUATION
FACING THE U-N IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IS DIRE AND DETERIORATING.
MEANWHILE, THE UNITED STATES HAS WARNED THE CROATIAN SERBS OF
SEVERE CONSEQUENCES IF THEY HIT AMERICAN FACILITIES DURING ANY
FURTHER SHELLING ATTACKS ON ZAGREB. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS
FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: A FRENCH SOLDIER WAS SHOT IN THE HEAD, APPARENTLY BY A
BOSNIAN SERB SNIPER. THE SOLDIER WAS TAKEN TO A UNITED NATIONS
HOSPITAL AND HIS CONDITION WAS DESCRIBED AS LIFE-THREATENING.
HE WAS SHOT IN THE SAME GENERAL AREA OF SARAJEVO WHERE A
RIFLE-FIRED GRENADE EARLIER HIT A FRENCH ARMORED VEHICLE. THE
SOLDIERS INSIDE WERE NOT BADLY HURT.
THE INCIDENTS MAY PUT MORE PRESSURE ON THE FRENCH GOVERNMENT TO
CONSIDER REDUCING OR WITHDRAWING THE FRENCH PEACEKEEPING
CONTINGENT FROM BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
FRANCE HAS THE LARGEST CONTINGENT THERE OF ANY NATION. ITS TROOPS
HAVE INCREASINGLY BECOME FREQUENT TARGETS FOR SERB SNIPERS IN
SARAJEVO.
THE U-N COMMAND SAYS THE SITUATION FACING THE U-N MISSION IN
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IS NOW DIRE AND DETERIORATING.
SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS GHALI WILL DISCUSS THE
SITUATION ON FRIDAY WITH THE TOP U-N OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA.
IN NORTHEASTERN BOSNIA, SERB FORCES ARE BELIEVED TO HAVE FAILED
TO TAKE MUCH NEW GROUND AFTER HEAVILY SHELLING BOSNIAN CROAT
POSITIONS ON THE EDGE OF A STRATEGIC CORRIDOR THAT LINKS
SERB-HELD TERRITORY.
U-N OFFICIALS IN SARAJEVO SAY THE SERBS MAY BE TRYING TO WIDEN
THE CORRIDOR. THE BOSNIAN SERB ARMY COMMANDER, GENERAL RATKO
MLADIC, IS THOUGHT TO BE PERSONALLY SUPERVISING THE OPERATION.
IT IS THE BIGGEST SERB OFFENSIVE IN BOSNIA SINCE THE OFFICIAL
CEASE-FIRE IN THE COUNTRY EXPIRED AT THE END OF LAST MONTH.
DESPITE U-N FEARS OF STEPPED-UP BOSNIAN ARMY ATTACKS, MUSLIM-LED
GOVERNMENT TROOPS HAVE LAUNCHED NO MAJOR OFFENSIVES SINCE THE
TRUCE ENDED.
MEANWHILE, THE UNITED STATES HAS WARNED REBEL SERBS IN CROATIA OF
SEVERE CONSEQUENCES IF THEY SHELL ZAGREB AND HIT THE AMERICAN
EMBASSY OR A U-S MILITARY HOSPITAL AT THE AIRPORT.
THE AMERICAN AMBASSADOR TO CROATIA, PETER GALBRAITH, SAYS THE
SERBS HAVE BEEN TOLD THEY NEARLY HIT THE EMBASSY AND THE
HOSPITAL WHEN THEY SHELLED ZAGREB LAST WEEK.
THE SERBS FIRED ROCKETS INTO THE CROATIAN CAPITAL IN RETALIATION
FOR THE GOVERNMENT'S RECAPTURE OF THE SERB-HELD REGION OF
WESTERN SLAVONIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/BG
11-May-95 11:08 AM EDT (1508 UTC)
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voa.278usisbel,
DATE=5/11/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178320
TITLE=YUGO/DANUBE (S ONLY)
BYLINE=ELAINE JOHANSON
DATELINE=UNITED NATIONS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL THURSDAY EASED ITS
SANCTIONS TEMPORARILY ON TRAFFIC ON THE DANUBE RIVER TO ALLOW
YUGOSLAVIA TO MAKE SOME BADLY NEEDED REPAIRS ON CANALS (OR
LOCKS). THE COUNCIL UNANIMOUSLY ADOPTED A RESOLUTION ALLOWING
YUGOSLAVIA TO USE ROMANIAN LOCKS FOR AT LEAST 60 DAYS WHILE THE
WORK IS BEING DONE. V-O-A'S CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON
REPORTS:
TEXT: THE EXEMPTION TO U-N SANCTIONS TAKES EFFECT ONE DAY AFTER
A SECURITY COUNCIL COMMITTEE IS INFORMED THAT THE REPAIR WORK IS
ABOUT TO BEGIN. FOR THE NEXT TWO MONTHS, THE COUNCIL WILL ALLOW
YUGOSLAV VESSELS TO USE ROMANIAN LOCKS ON THE LEFT SIDE OF THE
DANUBE.
FOR YEARS, ROMANIA AND YUGOSLAVIA HAVE OPERATED A SYSTEM OF LOCKS
AND POWER STATIONS SOME 940 KILOMETERS FROM THE MOUTH OF THE
DANUBE RIVER.
U-N SANCTIONS HAVE PROHIBITED THE TRANSIT OF YUGOSLAV SHIPS
THROUGH THE LOCKS OR CANALS OF OTHER COUNTRIES. THE MEASURES
WERE IMPOSED IN 1992 TO PUNISH BELGRADE FOR ITS SUPPORT OF THE
BOSNIAN SERBS.
THE ISSUE OF DANUBE TRAFFIC HAS BEEN PENDING FOR OVER A YEAR. NO
REPAIR WAS CARRIED OUT ON THE YUGOSLAV LOCKS SINCE THE SANCTIONS
CAME DOWN.
INTERNATIONAL MONITORS WILL ASSIST ROMANIA IN MAKING SURE THAT NO
GOODS ARE LOADED OR UNLOADED BY THE YUGOSLAV VESSELS DURING
PASSAGE. THE EXEMPTION WOULD BE TERMINATED IF VIOLATIONS OCCUR.
(SIGNED)
11-May-95 4:41 PM EDT (2041 UTC)
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voa.279usisbel,
DATE=5/16/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178934
TITLE=S-G/BOSNIA (S)
BYLINE=ELAINE JOHANSON
DATELINE=UNITED NATIONS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: UNITED NATIONS SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI
SAYS U-N TROOPS IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA MAY HAVE TO BE RE-DEPLOYED
TO SAFER AREAS, AND POSSIBLY REDUCED, TO KEEP U-N CASUALTY
FIGURES FROM RISING IN THE ESCALATING WAR. MR. BOUTROS-GHALI IS
EXPECTED TO PRESENT THE SECURITY COUNCIL IN THE NEXT FEW DAYS
WITH RECOMMENDATIONS -- OR A LIST OF OPTIONS -- FOR RE-ORGANIZING
THE U-N OPERATION. VOA CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON REPORTS:
TEXT: THE SECRETARY-GENERAL SAYS HE WANTS TO MAINTAIN THE U-N
OPERATION IN BOSNIA AND WILL DO WHATEVER IS NECESSARY TO STAY.
BUT HE CONCEDES THE U-N MUST HAVE A NEW PLAN TO SATISFY THE
EUROPEANS, WHOSE SOLDIERS ARE INCREASINGLY COMING UNDER ATTACK.
THE FRENCH HAVE THE LARGEST CONTINGENT. THEY ARE HIT THE MOST --
37 DEAD, OVER TWO HUNDRED WOUNDED OVER THREE YEARS.
MR. BOUTROS-GHALI WILL PRESENT A RANGE OF OPTIONS FOR BOSNIA THAT
HE SAYS WILL FOCUS ON MAXIMUM GUARANTEES FOR THE SAFETY OF THE
PEACEKEEPERS:
/// S-G ACT ///
THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS PEACE. SAYING THIS, PEACE MUST
NOT BE AT THE EXPENSE OF THE SECURITY OF THE
BLUE-HELMETS ON THE GROUND. THE MAIN OBJECTIVE IS
PEACE, BUT NOT PEACE AT ANY PRICE.
/// END ACT ///
THE SECRETARY-GENERAL IS WAITING FOR A DETAILED ANALYSIS BY HIS
MILITARY COMMANDERS BEFORE SENDING A REPORT TO THE SECURITY
COUNCIL, WHICH MUST MAKE THE FINAL DECISION. (SIGNED)
NEB/EJ/LWM
16-May-95 8:21 PM EDT (0021 UTC)
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voa.280usisbel,
DATE=5/17/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178988
TITLE=U-S / BRITAIN / BOSNIA (S-ONLY)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPT.
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARY DOUGLAS HURD IS IN WASHINGTON
FOR TALKS ON NATO EXPANSION, RELATIONS WITH RUSSIA, AND THE
SITUATION IN BOSNIA. RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS FROM THE STATE
DEPARTMENT, BRITAIN IS NOT READY TO REDUCE ITS UNITED NATIONS
PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA.
TEXT: THE UNITED NATIONS IS CONSIDERING SEVERAL OPTIONS FOR
EITHER INCREASING PROTECTION FOR U-N PEACEKEEPERS IN BOSNIA OR
REDUCING THEIR NUMBERS WITH A DIFFERENT MANDATE.
MEETING HERE AT THE STATE DEPARTMENT WITH SECRETARY OF STATE
WARREN CHRISTOPHER, BRITAIN'S DOUGLAS HURD SAYS THE COUNTRIES
CONTRIBUTING TROOPS TO BOSNIA HAVE NOT MADE THAT DECISION.
/// HURD ACT ///
WE HAVE TAKEN NO DECISION ON REDUCING THE NUMBER OF
BRITISH TROOPS AND I DON'T THINK ANY OF THE OTHER
PRESENT TROOP CONTRIBUTORS HAVE TAKEN DECISIONS ON
REDUCTIONS BUT WE DO NEED TO LOOK AT THE WHOLE SCENE,
NOT JUST NUMBERS, IT'S FUNCTIONS AND HOW CAN YOU CARRY
OUT FUNCTIONS THAT THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAS ENTRUSTED TO
THE U-N.
/// END ACT ///
THE UNITED STATES DOES NOT CONTRIBUTE SOLDIERS TO THE U-N FORCE
AND SECRETARY OF STATE CHRISTOPHER SAYS THERE IS NO AMERICAN
VIEW ON WHETHER THERE SHOULD BE REDUCTIONS OR OTHER CHANGES. AT
THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS THE UNITED STATES DOES PLAN TO JOIN THE
DIALOGUE ON MAKING THE U-N FORCE MORE EFFECTIVE. (SIGNED)
NEB / RP / BD/BG
17-May-95 3:32 PM EDT (1932 UTC)
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voa.281usisbel,
DATE=5/17/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179007
TITLE=CROATIA VOTE (S ONLY)
BYLINE=ELAINE JOHANSON
DATELINE=UNITED NATIONS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS SECURITY COUNCIL WEDNESDAY UNANIMOUSLY
CALLED ON THE CROATIAN ARMY AND REBEL SERB FORCES TO WITHDRAW
COMPLETELY FROM U-N BUFFER ZONES AND THREATENED UNSPECIFIED
MEASURES IF FIGHTING RESUMES. THE GOVERNMENT ATTACKED AND
RE-CAPTURED THE SERB-HELD ENCLAVE OF WESTERN SLAVONIA EARLIER
THIS MONTH. V-O-A'S CORRESPONDENT ELAINE JOHANSON REPORTS:
TEXT: THE SECURITY COUNCIL ONCE AGAIN EXPRESSED CONCERN OVER
ZAGREB'S WILLINGNESS TO USE FORCE TO REGAIN TERRITORY, WHICH
MEMBERS ACKNOWLEDGE SHOULD BE UNDER THE GOVERNMENT'S CONTROL.
BUT DIPLOMATS CALLED FOR PATIENCE, SAYING A NEGOTIATED SETTLEMENT
IS THE ONLY SOLUTION.
AT THE SAME TIME, BRITAIN NOTED THAT THE REBEL SERBS BEAR SOME
RESPONSIBILITY. IT SAID ANY FUTURE SETTLEMENT MUST RESPECT THE
TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY OF CROATIA -- A REFERENCE TO HOPES BY THE
SO-CALLED KRAJINA SERBS TO SEPARATE AND JOIN WITH SERBIA.
THE COUNCIL RESOLUTION EXPRESSED SATISFACTION THAT SOME
WITHDRAWAL OF OPPOSING FORCES HAS TAKEN PLACE. BUT IT DEMANDED A
TOTAL DEPARTURE FROM THE U-N BUFFER AREAS.
ACCORDING TO CROATIA'S U-N AMBASSADOR, THE PULL-OUT IS ABOUT 75
PERCENT COMPLETE.
THE SECURITY COUNCIL DEMANDED THAT ZAGREB ALLOW HUMANITARIAN
AGENCIES ACCESS TO ALL AREAS, INCLUDING WESTERN SLAVONIA. IT ALSO
CALLED FOR THE FULL DEPLOYMENT OF A NEW, SMALLER U-N FORCE IN
CROATIA. (SIGNED)
NEB/PT
17-May-95 8:35 PM EDT (0035 UTC)
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voa.282usisbel,
DATE=5/17/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-178969
TITLE=MACEDONIA/U-S (S)
BYLINE=DAVID GOLLUST
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE DEFENSE MINISTER OF THE FORMER YUGOSLAV REPUBLIC OF
MACEDONIA HAS APPEALED IN WASHINGTON FOR AN END TO THE GREEK
ECONOMIC BLOCKADE OF HIS COUNTRY. THE DEFENSE MINISTER -- BLAGOJ
HANDZISKI (EDS: PRONOUNCED BLAH-GOY HAN-GISKI) IS THE HIGHEST
RANKING MEMBER OF HIS GOVERNMENT TO PAY AN OFFICIAL VISIT TO
WASHINGTON. A REPORT FROM V-O-A'S DAVID GOLLUST.
TEXT: THE MACEDONIAN DEFENSE CHIEF SAYS THE GREEK BLOCKADE IS
COSTING HIS COUNTRY MORE THAN 600-MILLION DOLLARS EACH YEAR --
AND IS CONTRIBUTING TO INSTABLILITY THAT COULD CAUSE THE BALKANS
CONFLICT TO SPREAD SOUTHWARD.
GREECE OBJECTS TO THE USE OF THE NAME MACEDONIA AND TO THE SKOPJE
GOVERNMENT'S USE OF A BURSTING SUN ON ITS FLAG -- BOTH OF WHICH,
IT ARGUES, USURP GREECE'S HISTORICAL HERITAGE.
MR. HANDZISKI, HEARD THROUGH AN INTERPRETER, APPEALED FOR U-S
HELP IN ARRANGING TALKS WITH GREECE -- SAYING ALL ISSUES WITH THE
EXCEPTION OF THE NAME MACEDONIA WOULD BE ON THE TABLE:
///HANDZISKI (INTERPERETER) ACTUALITY///
THE PROBLEM OF THE NAME COULD NOT FALL UNDER ANY
DISCUSSION. YOU CANNOT CHANGE THE INDENTITY OF A SINGLE
PERSON -- LET ALONE OF A WHOLE NATION. ALL THE OTHER
PROBLEMS WITHIN THE DISPUTE WITH GREECE ARE SOLVABLE
WITHIN A VERY SHORT PERIOD OF TIME.
///END ACT///
THE MACEDONIAN MINISTER, WHO HELD TALKS WITH DEFENSE SECRETARY
WILLIAM PERRY EARLIER THIS WEEK, SAID THE AMERICAN-LED U-N
OBSERVER FORCE IN HIS COUNTRY MIGHT HAVE TO BE ENLARGED -- IF
BALKANS FIGHTING CONTINUES TO ESCALATE. (SIGNED)
NEB/DAG/LTJ/GPT
17-May-95 12:24 PM EDT (1624 UTC)
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voa.283usisbel,
DATE=5/21/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179142
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: FIGHTING HAS INTENSIFIED IN NORTHERN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA,
WHILE A BATTLEFIELD LULL CONTINUES IN THE REST OF THE COUNTRY.
AT THE SAME TIME, THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE AGAIN SAID THEY WOULD
IGNORE ANY YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN
VIENNA.
TEXT: SHELLING AND GROUND ATTACKS ARE REPORTED IN NORTHEASTERN
BOSNIA ALONG A STRATEGIC CORRIDOR THAT LINKS SERB-HELD TERRITORY.
BOSNIAN SERB FORCES ARE SAID TO HAVE ATTACKED BOSNIAN CROAT
POSITIONS. A UNITED NATIONS SPOKESMAN IN ZAGREB SAYS THE CROATS
HAVE BEEN SUPPORTED BY CROSS-BORDER SHELLING OF SERB POSITIONS BY
THE CROATIAN ARMY.
MEANWHILE, THE BOSNIAN SERB LEADER, RADOVAN KARADZIC, SAYS THE
SERB SEPARATISTS WOULD IGNORE ANY YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC HAS BEEN HOLDING TALKS IN
BELGRADE WITH AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT ON RECOGNITION IN RETURN FOR A
SIGNIFICANT EASING OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA.
THERE WERE REPORTS LAST WEEK THAT AN AGREEMENT WAS NEAR. BUT
THERE IS NO CLEAR INDICATION YET THAT PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC WOULD
ACCEPT A DEAL THAT WOULD ALSO BE ACCEPTABLE TO THE BOSNIAN
GOVERNMENT AND TO THE MAJOR POWERS. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/DW/BG
21-May-95 12:36 PM EDT (1636 UTC)
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voa.284usisbel,
DATE=5/20/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179130
TITLE=MICROSOFT / INTUIT (S ONLY)
BYLINE=RICK NUNEZ
DATELINE=WASHINGTON
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE BIGGEST COMPUTER SOFTWARE MERGER IN THE WORLD HAS
BEEN CALLED OFF. V-O-A'S RICK NUNEZ REPORTS A LAWSUIT BY THE
U-SJUSTICE DEPARTMENT SHORT-CIRCUITED (PREVENTED) THE PROPOSED
ALLIANCE:
TEXT: THE CANCELLED MERGER, BETWEEN SOFTWARE COLOSSUS MICROSOFT
AND THE POPULAR FINANCIAL SOFTWARE FIRM INTUIT LEFT MICROSOFT
CHAIRMAN BILL GATES FRUSTRATED:
/// GATES ACTUALITY :08 ///
WE'RE DISAPPOINTED NOT TO BE ABLE TO COMBINE INTUIT
AND MICROSOFT ON A TIMELY BASIS.
/// END ACTUALITY ///
LAST OCTOBER, MR. GATES AND MICROSOFT ANNOUNCED THEY WOULD
PURCHASE INTUIT FOR TWO BILLION DOLLARS. HOWEVER, THE JUSTICE
DEPARTMENT FILED SUIT TO BLOCK THE MERGER, CLAIMING IT WOULD GIVE
MICROSOFT AN UNFAIR ADVANTAGE IN THE FLEDGLING MARKET OF BUSINESS
SOFTWARE.
MR. GATES SAYS HIS COMPANY'S NEEDS CAN NOT WAIT FOR THE
GOVERNMENT'S LAWSUIT TO BE RESOLVED. INTUIT CHAIRMAN SCOTT COOK
SAYS HE IS DISAPPOINTED MICROSOFT DECIDED NOT TO FIGHT THE
SUIT. HOWEVER, HE SAYS INTUIT IS ON GOOD FINANCIAL FOOTING AND
WILL MOVE AHEAD. MICROSOFT WILL PAY INTUIT A MERGER TERMINATION
FEE OF JUST OVER 46 MILLION DOLLARS. (SIGNED)
NEB/RAN/MGW
20-May-95 5:15 PM EDT (2115 UTC)
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voa.285usisbel,
DATE=5/22/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179174
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE RESUMED THEIR SHELLING OF
SARAJEVO. MORTAR ATTACKS AND SNIPER FIRE HAVE KILLED AT LEAST
THREE PEOPLE AND WOUNDED A NUMBER OF OTHERS IN THE BOSNIAN
CAPITAL. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDEN, WAYNE COREY
REPORTS.
TEXT: AFTER SEVERAL RELATIVELY QUIET DAYS, SARAJEVO HAS COME
UNDER RENEWED SHELLING ATTACKS AND INTENSE SNIPER FIRE.
THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND THERE SAYS IT MONITORED 11 EXPLOSIONS
IN THE CITY. IT CONFIRMS THAT AT LEAST SEVEN OF THEM WERE CAUSED
BY MORTAR ROUNDS, LAUNCHED FROM SERB POSITIONS.
THE COMMAND CANNOT CONFIRM A SARAJEVO RADIO REPORT THAT SERB
TROOPS TRIED TO BREAK THROUGH GOVERNMENT DEFENSE LINES AROUND THE
BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
SERB FORCES EARLIER SEIZED TWO HEAVY WEAPONS FROM A U-N
COLLECTION POINT. IT IS NOT KNOWN IF THESE WEAPONS WERE USED
IN THE SHELLING ATTACKS.
THE SERBS AND, TO A LESSER EXTENT, THE BOSNIAN ARMY, HAVE BEEN
OPENLY IGNORING THE U-N HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE, CREATED
AROUND SARAJEVO MORE THAN A YEAR AGO.
WHEN THE ZONE WAS ESTABLISHED, SENIOR U-N MILITARY OFFICERS SAID
THE WARRING FORCES WOULD ABSOLUTELY NOT BE ALLOWED TO RECLAIM
WEAPONS FROM STORAGE AREAS, WHERE THEY WERE DEPOSITED, WITHOUT
U-N APPROVAL.
IN FACT, U-N SOLDIERS HAVE NOT DARED TO RISK A SHOOTOUT WITH
ARMED SERBS DETERMINED TO TAKE THEIR WEAPONS BACK OR TO FIRE THEM
AT GOVERNMENT POSITIONS.
THE WORSENING SITUATION IN SARAJEVO AND ATTACKS ON U-N
PEACE-KEEPERS HAVE FORCED THE UNITED NATIONS TO URGENTLY REVIEW
ITS INEFFECTIVE MISSION IN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
THERE ARE TWO KEY ISSUES FOR THE UNITED NATIONS TO DECIDE. THE
FIRST IS WHETHER U-N TROOPS IN BOSNIA SHOULD BE REDUCED AND
REDEPLOYED.
THE SECOND VITAL ISSUE IS UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES, IF ANY,
SHOULD NATO AIRPOWER BE USED TO ENFORCE U-N RESOLUTIONS ON
BOSNIA.
MEANWHILE, AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT IS STILL IN BELGRADE, HOPING TO
PERSUADE SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC TO RECOGNIZE
BOSNIA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
IF THE POWERFUL SERBIAN LEADER AGREES TO THAT, THE MAJOR POWERS
WOULD SUPPORT A SIGNIFICANT EASING, POSSIBLY THE LIFTING, OF MOST
INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA.
THE BOSNIAN SERBS, WHO WANT THEIR OWN STATE, SAY THEY WOULD
IGNORE ANY RECOGNITION BY BELGRADE OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA AS A
SINGLE NATION.
IN AN INTERVIEW WITH THE GERMAN MAGAZINE, DER SPIEGEL, SERB
LEADER RADOVAN KARADZIC SAYS HE MIGHT ACCEPT A UNION OF TWO
SOVEREIGN STATES, ONE SERB AND THE OTHER MUSLIM AND CROAT.
BUT, MR. KARADZIC SAYS HE WOULD ONLY ENDORSE THE IDEA IF THE
MUSLIMS AGREED TO EXCHANGE CERTAIN TERRITORY WITH THE SERBS.
(SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/CF
22-May-95 11:41 AM EDT (1541 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.286usisbel,
Receiving File...|Start your capture now...
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DATE=5/22/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179154
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS NOTE: A LONG CR ON THIS IS EXPECTED BY 15 GMT ///
INTRO: THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE SEIZED TWO HEAVY WEAPONS FROM A
UNITED NATIONS STORAGE DEPOT IN SARAJEVO. THE SERBS APPEAR TO BE
PREPARING FOR RENEWED FIGHTING IN AND AROUND THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN
VIENNA.
TEXT: THE SERBS TOOK TWO HEAVY WEAPONS FROM A U-N COLLECTION
POINT IN A SERB-HELD AREA OF SARAJEVO, PUT THEM ON TRUCKS AND
TOOK THEM AWAY.
IT IS THE LATEST INCIDENT IN WHICH THE U-N COMMAND, WHICH ONCE
VOWED TO BLOCK THE REMOVAL OF ANY HEAVY WEAPONS FROM THE STORAGE
DEPOTS, WAS UNABLE OR UNWILLING TO STOP THE WITHDRAWALS.
THE U-N HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND SARAJEVO HAS BEEN
IGNORED WITH IMPUNITY BY THE WARRING FORCES FOR MONTHS. THE ZONE
IS SUPPOSED TO BE ENFORCED BY THE THREAT OF NATO AIR STRIKES, BUT
THAT THREAT IS NO LONGER CREDIBLE.
SARAJEVO RADIO SAYS THE SERBS ARE MASSING ELITE FORCES AND ARE
BRINGING IN MORE WEAPONS IN PREPARATION FOR WHAT COULD BE A NEW
OFFENSIVE AROUND THE BESIEGED BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
THE RADIO WARNED SARAJEVO RESIDENTS THAT A GENERAL ALERT REMAINS
IN EFFECT EVEN THOUGH THE CITY HAS BEEN RELATIVELY QUIET FOR THE
LAST FEW DAYS. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/WJK
22-May-95 6:00 AM EDT (1000 UTC)
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voa.287usisbel,
DATE=5/22/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179163
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S-UPDATE)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS: UPDATES CR 2-179154, WRITETHRU ///
INTRO: AT LEAST THREE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED IN RENEWED
SHELLING AND SNIPING ATTACKS IN SARAJEVO. THE BOSNIAN SERBS
EARLIER SEIZED TWO HEAVY WEAPONS FROM A UNITED NATIONS STORAGE
DEPOT IN PREPARATION FOR MORE FIGHTING AROUND THE BOSNIAN
CAPITAL. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN
BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: THE SHELLING OF SARAJEVO RESUMED AFTER A RELATIVELY QUIET
WEEKEND. SARAJEVO RADIO ACCUSED BOSNIAN SERBS OF AGAIN FIRING AT
CIVILIAN TARGETS IN THE CITY.
THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND REPORTS 11 EXPLOSIONS IN THE BOSNIAN
CAPITAL. IT SAYS SEVEN OF THEM WERE CAUSED BY THE IMPACT OF
MORTAR ROUNDS FIRED FROM SERB POSITIONS WHICH HAVE BEEN
IDENTIFIED.
EARLIER, THE SERBS SEIZED TWO HEAVY WEAPONS FROM A U-N COLLECTION
POINT IN A SERB-HELD AREA OF SARAJEVO. U-N OFFICIALS DO NOT
KNOW IF THESE WEAPONS WERE USED TO SHELL THE CITY.
THE SERBS' BLATANT SEIZURE OF THE WEAPONS AND THEIR RENEWED
SHELLING OF SARAJEVO REFLECT THEIR LACK OF CONCERN ABOUT ANY
STRONG U-N OR NATO RESPONSE.
SENIOR U-N OFFICIALS IN THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA HAVE BASICALLY
RULED OUT NATO AIR STRIKES TO PROTECT SARAJEVO OR U-N TROOPS ON
THE GROUND THERE.
WITH NO CREDIBLE THREAT OF MILITARY FORCE TO SUPPORT IT, THE
U-N MISSION IN BOSNIA IS ON THE VERGE OF COMPLETE COLLAPSE. AN
URGENT U-N REVIEW OF THE SITUATION IS UNDERWAY. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
22-May-95 8:03 AM EDT (1203 UTC)
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voa.288usisbel,
DATE=5/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179259
TITLE=U-S SERBIA (L)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES HAS BROKEN OFF EIGHT DAYS OF TALKS
WITH SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC THAT COULD HAVE LED TO
SOME SANCTIONS RELIEF FOR SERBIA AFTER MORE THAN THREE YEARS.
V-O-A'S RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS FROM THE STATE DEPARTMENT, THE
ISSUE REMAINS SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS OR LIFTING THEM ALTOGETHER.
TEXT: SECRETARY OF STATE WARREN CHRISTOPHER ORDERED AMBASSADOR
ROBERT FRASURE TO END 30 HOURS OF TALKS OVER EIGHT DAYS WITH
PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC BECAUSE THEY COULD NOT AGREE ABOUT WHETHER
THE UNITED NATIONS SANCTIONS AGAINST SERBIA SHOULD BE PARTIALLY
SUSPENDED OR LIFTED ALTOGETHER.
STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS SAYS THE OFFER BY THE
INTERNATIONAL CONTACT GROUP ON BOSNIA TO PARTIALLY SUSPEND THE
SANCTIONS IN EXCHANGE FOR SERBIA'S RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA DOES
REMAIN ON THE NEGOTIATING TABLE. HOWEVER, THE TIMING AND CONTENT
OF SANCTIONS RELIEF FOR SERBIA IS STILL NOT AGREED.
///BURNS ACT///
I THINK IT'S FAIR TO SAY THAT DURING THESE INTENSIVE
DISCUSSIONS, MANY ISSUES WERE MOVED FORWARD BUT THE
TALKS FLOUNDERED ON A CENTRAL POINT. THEY FLOUNDERED ON
ONE POINT, AND THAT IS THAT SERBIA IS INSISTING ON A
LIFTING OF THE SANCTIONS AND THE UNITED STATES AND THE
CONTACT GROUP POSITION WAS, AND IS, THAT THERE CAN BE A
SUSPENSION OF SANCTIONS BUT NOT A LIFT.
///END ACT///
THE STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN SAYS THERE CANNOT BE A COMPLETE
LIFTING OF SANCTIONS AGAINST SERBIA UNTIL THE BOSNIAN SERBS
ACCEPT THE CONTACT GROUP'S PEACE PLAN AND MAP. U-S OFFICIALS SAY
THE UNITED STATES AND OTHER MEMBERS OF THE FIVE NATION GROUP DO
NOT WANT TO LOSE ALL THEIR LEVERAGE AGAINST SERBIA BY COMPLETELY
LIFTING THE REMAINING SANCTIONS OF OIL AND OTHER INDUSTRIAL
GOODS. THEY WANT TO BE SURE SERBIA HAS GIVEN UP ALL DREAMS OF A
GREATER SERBIA INCLUDING SERB OCCUPIED AREAS OF BOSNIA AND
CROATIA.
HOWEVER, THE CONTACT GROUP MAY NOT BE TOTALLY UNITED ON ITS
POSITION. THE RUSSIAN REPRESENTATIVE ALEKSANDR ZOTOV DID NOT
ATTEND THE MEETING IN FRANKFURT, GERMANY WHERE THE REVISED OFFER
TO PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC WAS AGREED AMONG BRITAIN, FRANCE, GERMANY
AND THE UNITED STATES. MR. ZOTOV ALSO SHOWED UP IN BELGRADE JUST
AS AMBASSADOR FRASURE LEFT FOR HOME. THAT WORRIES STATE
DEPARTMENT OFFICIALS BECAUSE THEY KNOW RUSSIA AGREES WITH SERBIA
THAT THE THREE-YEAR OLD SANCTIONS SHOULD BE PERMANENTLY LIFTED IN
EXCHANGE FOR BELGRADE'S RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA.
MR. BURNS SAYS SECRETARY OF STATE CHRISTOPHER WILL BE IN TOUCH
WITH RUSSIAN FOREIGN MINISTER ANDREI KOZYREV--MR. ZOTOV'S
BOSS--AS WELL AS OTHER CONTACT GROUP MINISTERS TO FIRM UP THE
POSITION. FOR NOW, AS ONE OFFICIAL PUT IT, THE UNITED STATES AND
RUSSIAN POSITIONS ABOUT SANCTIONS RELIEF FOR SERBIA, ARE NOT IN
HIS WORDS, "SIAMESE TWINS". (SIGNED)
NEB/PT
23-May-95 4:25 PM EDT (2025 UTC)
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voa.289usisbel,
DATE=5/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179235
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT HAS FAILED TO PERSUADE SERBIAN
PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC TO RECOGNIZE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S
CURRENT BORDERS IN RETURN FOR A MAJOR EASING OF INTERNATIONAL
SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA. AND, IN BOSNIA, THE SERBS HAVE
AGAIN SHELLED THE SARAJEVO AREA. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN
CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: AFTER ABOUT A WEEK OF TALKS, AMERICAN DIPLOMAT ROBERT
FRASURE LEFT BELGRADE WITH NO AGREEMENT ON YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION
OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
WESTERN DIPLOMATIC SOURCES IN BELGRADE TOLD V-O-A THE TALKS
FAILED BECAUSE THE SERBIAN PRESIDENT STILL DEMANDS THE
UNCONDITIONAL END OF ALL INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST
YUGOSLAVIA.
THE SOURCES SAY MR. FRASURE TRIED TO PERSUADE PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC
TO COMPROMISE AND ACCEPT A SIGNIFICANT EASING OF SANCTIONS
INSTEAD, BUT THE SERBIAN LEADER REFUSED.
THE NEGOTIATIONS HAVE BEEN DISCONTINUED, AND THERE IS NO DATE
FOR THEM TO RESUME.
MEANWHILE, THE BOSNIAN SERB LEADER, RADOVAN KARADZIC, HAS AGAIN
SAID HE IS PREPARED TO RESUME PEACE TALKS, BASED ON THE PLAN
PROPOSED BY THE MAJOR POWERS.
BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS THE PLAN WOULD HAVE TO BE CHANGED
TO ACCOMMODATE CRUCIAL SERB INTERESTS. THE MAJOR POWERS AND THE
BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE INSISTED THAT SERBS ACCEPT THE PLAN AS IT
IS AND THEN CONTINUE NEGOTIATIONS ON CERTAIN DETAILS.
THE PLAN WOULD SPLIT BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ROUGHLY IN HALF BETWEEN
THE SERBS AND THE MUSLIM/CROAT FEDERATION. THE SERBS NOW CONTROL
ABOUT 70 PERCENT OF BOSNIA.
WHILE MR. KARADZIC REAFFIRMED THE SERB POSITION ON PEACE TALKS,
SERB FORCES HAVE SHELLED A SARAJEVO SUBURB. SEVERAL PEOPLE ARE
REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN KILLED OR INJURED.
SARAJEVO RADIO SAYS AT LEAST ONE SERB SHELL HAS ALSO BEEN FIRED
INTO THE CENTER OF THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
FIGHTING BETWEEN SERB AND GOVERNMENT FORCES HAS BEEN REPORTED
SOUTH OF SARAJEVO AND IN THE MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF BIHAC IN
NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA.
THE BOSNIAN ARMY SAYS IT HAS RECAPTURED SEVEN VILLAGES IN THE
BIHAC REGION. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
23-May-95 11:13 AM EDT (1513 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.290usisbel,
DATE=5/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179235
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT HAS FAILED TO PERSUADE SERBIAN
PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC TO RECOGNIZE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S
CURRENT BORDERS IN RETURN FOR A MAJOR EASING OF INTERNATIONAL
SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA. AND, IN BOSNIA, THE SERBS HAVE
AGAIN SHELLED THE SARAJEVO AREA. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN
CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: AFTER ABOUT A WEEK OF TALKS, AMERICAN DIPLOMAT ROBERT
FRASURE LEFT BELGRADE WITH NO AGREEMENT ON YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION
OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
WESTERN DIPLOMATIC SOURCES IN BELGRADE TOLD V-O-A THE TALKS
FAILED BECAUSE THE SERBIAN PRESIDENT STILL DEMANDS THE
UNCONDITIONAL END OF ALL INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST
YUGOSLAVIA.
THE SOURCES SAY MR. FRASURE TRIED TO PERSUADE PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC
TO COMPROMISE AND ACCEPT A SIGNIFICANT EASING OF SANCTIONS
INSTEAD, BUT THE SERBIAN LEADER REFUSED.
THE NEGOTIATIONS HAVE BEEN DISCONTINUED, AND THERE IS NO DATE
FOR THEM TO RESUME.
MEANWHILE, THE BOSNIAN SERB LEADER, RADOVAN KARADZIC, HAS AGAIN
SAID HE IS PREPARED TO RESUME PEACE TALKS, BASED ON THE PLAN
PROPOSED BY THE MAJOR POWERS.
BUT, AT THE SAME TIME, HE SAYS THE PLAN WOULD HAVE TO BE CHANGED
TO ACCOMMODATE CRUCIAL SERB INTERESTS. THE MAJOR POWERS AND THE
BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT HAVE INSISTED THAT SERBS ACCEPT THE PLAN AS IT
IS AND THEN CONTINUE NEGOTIATIONS ON CERTAIN DETAILS.
THE PLAN WOULD SPLIT BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA ROUGHLY IN HALF BETWEEN
THE SERBS AND THE MUSLIM/CROAT FEDERATION. THE SERBS NOW CONTROL
ABOUT 70 PERCENT OF BOSNIA.
WHILE MR. KARADZIC REAFFIRMED THE SERB POSITION ON PEACE TALKS,
SERB FORCES HAVE SHELLED A SARAJEVO SUBURB. SEVERAL PEOPLE ARE
REPORTED TO HAVE BEEN KILLED OR INJURED.
SARAJEVO RADIO SAYS AT LEAST ONE SERB SHELL HAS ALSO BEEN FIRED
INTO THE CENTER OF THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
FIGHTING BETWEEN SERB AND GOVERNMENT FORCES HAS BEEN REPORTED
SOUTH OF SARAJEVO AND IN THE MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF BIHAC IN
NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA.
THE BOSNIAN ARMY SAYS IT HAS RECAPTURED SEVEN VILLAGES IN THE
BIHAC REGION. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
23-May-95 11:56 AM EDT (1556 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.291usisbel,
DATE=5/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179243
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S UPDATE)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
/// EDS: UPDATES CR 2-179221, NEW INFO THRUOUT ///
INTRO: AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT HAS FAILED TO PERSUADE SERBIAN
PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC TO AGREE TO RECOGNIZE
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S CURRENT BORDERS. THE FAILURE OF THE TALKS
IS THE LATEST SETBACK TO PEACE EFFORTS IN BOSNIA, WHERE THE
SARAJEVO AREA HAS AGAIN BEEN SHELLED. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY
REPORTS FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: AMERICAN DIPLOMAT ROBERT FRASURE ENDED HIS TALKS WITH THE
SERBIAN PRESIDENT AND LEFT BELGRADE WITHOUT AN AGREEMENT ON
YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA.
WESTERN DIPLOMATS IN BELGRADE TOLD V-O-A MR. MILOSEVIC STILL
DEMANDS THE UNCONDITIONAL END OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST
YUGOSLAVIA,
THAT DEMAND IS UNACCEPTABLE TO THE UNITED STATES AND, ACCORDING
TO THE DIPLOMATS, TO OTHER MEMBERS OF THE BIG POWER CONTACT
GROUP ON BOSNIA.
THE CONTACT GROUP OFFERED A SIGNIFICANT EASING OF SANCTIONS
AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA IN RETURN FOR BELGRADE'S RECOGNITION OF
BOSNIA'S BORDERS. THERE WAS NO REQUIREMENT FOR MR. MILOSEVIC
TO IMMEDIATELY RECOGNIZE THE BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT.
YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA WOULD UNDERCUT THE BOSNIAN SERBS'
DEMAND FOR A SEPARATE STATE. THERE IS NO INDICATION THAT
PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC IS PREPARED TO ABANDON THE BOSNIAN SERB CAUSE
DESPITE HIS DIFFERENCES WITH SERB POLITICAL LEADERS.
MEANWHILE, SERBS HAVE AGAIN SHELLED THE SARAJEVO AREA. SEVERAL
PEOPLE ARE SAID TO HAVE BEEN KILLED OR INJURED. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH/JWH
23-May-95 12:53 PM EDT (1653 UTC)
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voa.292usisbel,
DATE=5/23/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179221
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE BOSNIAN ARMY SAYS IT HAS RECAPTURED SEVEN VILLAGES IN
FIGHTING WITH SERB FORCES IN THE MUSLIM ENCLAVE OF BIHAC IN
NORTHWESTERN BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA. V-O-A'S WAYNE COREY REPORTS
FROM OUR CENTRAL EUROPEAN BUREAU IN VIENNA.
TEXT: IN ADDITION TO THE REPORTED RECAPTURE OF THE VILLAGE OF
RIPAC, THE BOSNIAN ARMY'S FIFTH CORPS IS SAID TO HAVE RETAKEN SIX
OTHER VILLAGES IN THE BIHAC ENCLAVE.
FIGHTING BETWEEN MUSLIM-LED GOVERNMENT TROOPS AND SERB FORCES IN
THE AREA IS CONTINUING. GOVERNMENT TROOPS, WITH A BIG ADVANTAGE
IN MANPOWER, ARE BELIEVED TRYING TO PUSH FARTHER EAST AFTER
CONSOLIDATING THEIR TERRITORIAL GAINS.
DESPITE THEIR SUPERIORITY IN HEAVY WEAPONS, THE SERBS CANNOT
CONCENTRATE ENOUGH GROUND TROOPS IN THE BIHAC REGION TO PREVENT
THE BOSNIAN ARMY'S ADVANCE BECAUSE OF FIGHTING ELSEWHERE IN
BOSNIA.
THE SERBS MUST PROTECT A STRATEGIC CORRIDOR IN THE NORTHEAST. AT
THE SAME TIME, THEY ARE INVOLVED IN CLASHES WITH GOVERNMENT
TROOPS SOUTH OF SARAJEVO.
SARAJEVO, ITSELF, IS RELATIVELY QUIET BUT TENSE A DAY AFTER SERB
SHELLING AND SNIPER ATTACKS KILLED THREE PEOPLE AND WOUNDED A
NUMBER OF OTHERS. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
23-May-95 7:28 AM EDT (1128 UTC)
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voa.293usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179308
TITLE=ALBRIGHT/NATO (L ONLY)
BYLINE=ELAINE JOHANSON
DATELINE=UNITED NATIONS
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES IS BRINGING MORE PRESSURE ON THE UNITED
NATIONS TO USE PUNITIVE AIR STRIKES AGAINST THE SERBS OF
BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA -- WHO ARE TARGETING U-N PEACEKEEPERS AS WELL
AS CIVILIANS. THE U-N FORCE COMMANDER BERNARD JANVIER APPARENTLY
DELIVERED A SOMBER REVIEW OF THE SITUATION ON THE GROUND WHEN HE
BRIEFED THE SECURITY COUNCIL WEDNESDAY. V-O-A CORRESPONDENT
ELAINE JOHANSON REPORTS:
TEXT: THE UNITED STATES WANTS NATO MORE ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN
BOSNIA. U-S AMBASSADOR MADELEINE ALBRIGHT TOLD REPORTERS AFTER
HEARING FROM GENERAL JANVIER THAT THE STATUS QUO IS NOT
WORKING. SHE SAID SHE FAILED TO UNDERSTAND THE U-N'S LOGIC,
ARGUING THAT A MORE ROBUST STRATEGY TOWARD THE BOSNIAN SERBS
WOULD BETTER PROTECT CIVILIANS, AS WELL AS U-N PEACEKEEPERS:
///ALBRIGHT ACT///
WE DON'T UNDERSTAND WHY AIR POWER IS NOT APPROPRIATE.
IT IS THE BELIEF OF THE UNITED STATES THAT UNPROFOR (U-N
PROTECTION) FORCES WOULD IN FACT BE SAFER IF THERE WERE
AIR POWER USED RATHER THAN THE ARGUMENT THE OTHER WAY
AROUND (THAT) THE UNPROFOR BECOMES MORE THREATENED WHEN
THERE IS AIR POWER.
///END ACT///
AMBASSADOR ALBRIGHT NOTED THE SECURITY COUNCIL HAD ORDERED ALL
HEAVY WEAPONS OUT OF SARAJEVO AND DECLARED IT A U-N PROTECTED
SAFE AREA. SHE SAID WASHINGTON IS TROUBLED THAT THIS MANDATE IS
NOT BEING CARRIED OUT.
THE EUROPEANS, WHO PROVIDE THE BULK OF THE BOSNIAN FORCE, HAVE
CRITICIZED THE UNITED STATES FOR TRYING TO DICTATE POLICY WHILE
REFUSING TO SEND ITS OWN GROUND TROOPS TO THE AREA. A U-S
OFFICIAL WEDNESDAY CALLED THE CHARGE DISINGENUOUS. HE POINTED
OUT THAT U-S TROOPS WOULD PARTICIPATE IN A NATO EVACUATION PLAN
IF THE U-N DECIDED TO WITHDRAW FROM THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA.
SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI HAS ORDERED A REVIEW OF
THE OPERATION IN BOSNIA AND WILL SUBMIT SHORTLY A NUMBER OF
OPTIONS FOR THE SECURITY COUNCIL TO CONSIDER. HE PERSONALLY
FAVORS A REDUCTION IN THE 22-THOUSAND STRONG FORCE -- ESPECIALLY
IN THE SIX SAFE AREAS, WHICH WERE TO BE DE-MILITARIZED, BUT
CLEARLY ARE NOT.
U-S OFFICIALS SAY THEY ARE WORRIED ABOUT THE CIVILIANS IN THESE
MOSTLY MUSLIM ENCLAVES IF THE U-N SHOULD SUDDENLY TURN ITS BACK
ON THEM. (SIGNED)
NEB/EJ/MMK
24-May-95 2:26 PM EDT (1826 UTC)
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voa.294usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179286
TITLE=BOSNIA / NATO (L)
BYLINE=DAGMAR BREITENBACH
DATELINE=BONN
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY SAYS NATO HAS
PREPARED A CONTINGENCY PLAN TO PROTECT THE WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED
NATIONS PEACEKEEPERS FROM BOSNIA IF SUCH A MOVE SHOULD BECOME
NECESSARY. THE U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY IS SCHEDULED TO DISCUSS THE
ISSUE WITH TOP U-S MILITARY LEADERS IN EUROPE IN THE SOUTHERN
GERMAN TOWN OF GARMISCH, HIS FIRST STOP ON A EUROPEAN TOUR THAT
WILL ALSO TAKE HIM TO UKRAINE AND ITALY OVER THE NEXT DAYS. FROM
BONN, V-O-A'S DAGMAR BREITENBACH REPORTS.
TEXT: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY PERRY SAYS NATO COULD SEND OVER
50-THOUSAND TROOPS -- NEARLY HALF OF THEM AMERICANS -- TO BOSNIA
TO PROTECT A WITHDRAWAL OF U-N PEACEKEEPERS THERE.
SPEAKING TO REPORTERS ON HIS WAY FROM WASHINGTON TO GERMANY
WEDNESDAY, MR. PERRY SAID THAT MANY TROOPS MIGHT NOT BE
REQUIRED TO PROTECT THE U-N CONTINGENT, BUT THAT WHAT HE CALLED
AN "OVERWHELMING FORCE" WOULD BE SHOWN IN ANY CASE TO INTIMIDATE
THE WARRING PARTIES FROM INTERFERRING. HE ADDED THAT NO
DECISION HAS BEEN MADE TO RETREAT FROM BOSNIA. BUT MR. PERRY
SAID IF U-N PEACEKEEPERS ARE PULLED OUT FROM THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA, NATO WILL GO IN AND HELP THEM.
THE DEFENSE SECRETARY MADE CLEAR THE UNITED STATES IS OPPOSED TO
EVACUATING THE PEACEKEEPERS FROM BOSNIA DESPITE SNIPING AND
HARASSMENT DIRECTED AGAINST THEM. HE SAID HE HAS WARNED U-N
SECRETARY-GENERAL BOUTROS BOUTROS-GHALI THAT EVEN A PARTIAL
PULLOUT OF U-N FORCES FROM CIVILIAN AREAS IN EASTERN BOSNIA WOULD
BE A "HUMANITARIAN DISASTER".
IN GARMISCH, MR. PERRY IS TO MEET WITH U-S ARMY GENERAL GEORGE
JOULWAN, SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER OF NATO FORCES IN EUROPE, AND
OTHER LEADING U-S MILITARY OFFICERS TO DISCUSS NATO'S CONTINGENCY
PLANS.
ON THURSDAY, MR. PERRY IS SCHEDULED TO TRAVEL TO UKRAINE TO WATCH
JOINT U-S / UKRAINIAN PEACEKEEPING MANEUVERS, THE FIRST SUCH
JOINT EXERCISE BETWEEN THE TWO COUNTRIES. MR. PERRY GOES TO
ITALY LATER THIS WEEK BEFORE RETURNING TO WASHINGTON. (SIGNED)
NEB/DB/SKH/CF
24-May-95 8:28 AM EDT (1228 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.295usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-
TITLE=BOSNIA / NATO (S)
BYLINE=DAGMAR BREITENBACH
DATELINE=BONN
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY SAYS NATO HAS
PREPARED A CONTINGENCY PLAN TO PROTECT THE WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED
NATIONS PEACEKEEPERS FROM BOSNIA IF SUCH A MOVE SHOULD BECOME
NECESSARY. THE U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY IS SCHEDULED TO DISCUSS THE
ISSUE WITH TOP U-S MILITARY LEADERS IN EUROPE IN THE SOUTHERN
GERMAN TOWN OF GARMISCH, HIS FIRST STOP ON A EUROPEAN TOUR THAT
WILL ALSO TAKE HIM TO UKRAINE AND ITALY. V-O-A'S DAGMAR
BREITENBACH REPORTS FROM BONN.
TEXT: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY PERRY SAYS NATO COULD SEND
50-THOUSAND TROOPS -- ALMOST HALF OF THEM AMERICANS -- TO BOSNIA
TO PROTECT U-N PEACEKEEPERS IF A DECISION IS MADE TO WITHDRAW
THEM.
SPEAKING TO REPORTERS ON HIS WAY FROM WASHINGTON TO GERMANY, MR.
PERRY SAID NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE TO PULL OUT FROM BOSNIA.
BUT MR. PERRY SAID IF U-N TROOPS ARE WITHDRAWN FROM THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA, NATO WILL GO IN AND HELP THEM.
THE DEFENSE SECRETARY MADE IT CLEAR THE UNITED STATES IS NOT IN
FAVOR OF EVACUATING THE PEACEKEEPERS. HE SAID EVEN A PARTIAL
PULLOUT OF U-N FORCES FROM CIVILIAN AREAS IN EASTERN BOSNIA WOULD
BE A "HUMANITARIAN DISASTER".
IN GARMISCH, MR. PERRY IS TO MEET WITH U-S ARMY GENERAL GEORGE
JOULWAN, SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER OF NATO FORCES IN EUROPE, AND
OTHER LEADING U-S MILITARY OFFICERS TO DISCUSS NATO'S CONTINGENCY
PLANS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DB/SKH/JWH
24-May-95 8:14 AM EDT (1214 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.296usisbel,
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LAT connection to coral.itu.ch established
Trying -p@156.106.192.90...
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DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179284
TITLE=BOSNIA / NATO (S)
BYLINE=DAGMAR BREITENBACH
DATELINE=BONN
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY WILLIAM PERRY SAYS NATO HAS
PREPARED A CONTINGENCY PLAN TO PROTECT THE WITHDRAWAL OF UNITED
NATIONS PEACEKEEPERS FROM BOSNIA IF SUCH A MOVE SHOULD BECOME
NECESSARY. THE U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY IS SCHEDULED TO DISCUSS THE
ISSUE WITH TOP U-S MILITARY LEADERS IN EUROPE IN THE SOUTHERN
GERMAN TOWN OF GARMISCH, HIS FIRST STOP ON A EUROPEAN TOUR THAT
WILL ALSO TAKE HIM TO UKRAINE AND ITALY. V-O-A'S DAGMAR
BREITENBACH REPORTS FROM BONN.
TEXT: U-S DEFENSE SECRETARY PERRY SAYS NATO COULD SEND
50-THOUSAND TROOPS -- ALMOST HALF OF THEM AMERICANS -- TO BOSNIA
TO PROTECT U-N PEACEKEEPERS IF A DECISION IS MADE TO WITHDRAW
THEM.
SPEAKING TO REPORTERS ON HIS WAY FROM WASHINGTON TO GERMANY, MR.
PERRY SAID NO DECISION HAS BEEN MADE TO PULL OUT FROM BOSNIA.
BUT MR. PERRY SAID IF U-N TROOPS ARE WITHDRAWN FROM THE FORMER
YUGOSLAVIA, NATO WILL GO IN AND HELP THEM.
THE DEFENSE SECRETARY MADE IT CLEAR THE UNITED STATES IS NOT IN
FAVOR OF EVACUATING THE PEACEKEEPERS. HE SAID EVEN A PARTIAL
PULLOUT OF U-N FORCES FROM CIVILIAN AREAS IN EASTERN BOSNIA WOULD
BE A "HUMANITARIAN DISASTER".
IN GARMISCH, MR. PERRY IS TO MEET WITH U-S ARMY GENERAL GEORGE
JOULWAN, SUPREME ALLIED COMMANDER OF NATO FORCES IN EUROPE, AND
OTHER LEADING U-S MILITARY OFFICERS TO DISCUSS NATO'S CONTINGENCY
PLANS. (SIGNED)
NEB/DB/SKH/JWH
24-May-95 8:17 AM EDT (1217 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.297usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179292
TITLE=BOSNIA FIGHTING (S ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: NEW CLASHES BETWEEN BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT AND SERB FORCES
HAVE BROKEN OUT AROUND SARAJEVO. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN
CORRESPONDENT WAYNE COREY REPORTS AT LEAST TWO PEOPLE HAVE BEEN
KILLED.
TEXT: RENEWED FIGHTING DEVELOPED ALONG A HILLSIDE THAT OVERLOOKS
SARAJEVO. THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND BLAMES THE SERBS FOR
STARTING IT.
THE COMMAND SAYS THE WARRING FORCES ARE ATTACKING EACH OTHER AND
HAVE NOT DELIBERATELY TARGETTED CIVILIANS. BUT THERE HAVE BEEN
CIVILIAN CASUALTIES.
THE COMMAND ALSO SAYS THERE IS NO EVIDENCE THAT THE SERBS HAVE
USED CHEMICAL AGENTS IN THEIR ATTACKS AS SARAJEVO RADIO HAS
REPORTED. THE RADIO SAYS RESIDENTS OF THE CITY HAVE BEEN WARNED
OF THE DANGER OF CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS.
U-N OFFICIALS ARE TRYING TO PERSUADE GOVERNMENT AND SERB FORCES
TO STOP THE FIGHTING OR, AT LEAST, TO KEEP IT FROM SPREADING.
NATO WARPLANES FLEW OVER SARAJEVO BUT DID NOT INTERVENE.
AS THE FIGHTING BROKE OUT, SERBS AGAIN TOOK HEAVY WEAPONS, THIS
TIME THREE OF THEM, FROM A U-N COLLECTION POINT. THE COLLECTION
POINTS WERE ESTABLISHED MORE THAN A YEAR AGO IN A NOW VIRTUALLY
ABANDONED ATTEMPT TO MAKE SARAJEVO SAFER. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH
24-May-95 9:57 AM EDT (1357 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.298usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179315
TITLE=BOSNIA FIGHTING UPDATE (S ONLY)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
///NEW INFO THRUOUT///
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS ENVOY TO THE FORMER YUGOSLAVIA HAS
DEMANDED THE END OF FIGHTING IN AND AROUND SARAJEVO. AT LEAST
FIVE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED IN THE LATEST CLASHES BETWEEN SERB
AND MUSLIM-LED BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT FORCES. V-O-A'S CENTRAL
EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: IN HIS STRONGEST STATEMENT IN WEEKS, U-N ENVOY YASUSHI
AKASHI IS DEMANDING A PROMPT CEASE-FIRE IN THE SARAJEVO AREA.
MR. AKASHI SAYS THE GRAVITY OF THE CURRENT SITUATION THERE SHOULD
NOT BE UNDER-ESTIMATED AND THAT THE U-N HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION
ZONE AROUND THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL MUST BE RESPECTED.
THE SERBS HAVE BEEN FREELY SEIZING WEAPONS FROM U-N COLLECTION
POINTS. IN SOME CASES, THE SERBS HAVE SIMPLY FIRED THE WEAPONS
AT GOVERNMENT POSITIONS WHILE U-N SOLDIERS WATCHED AND DID
NOTHING ABOUT IT.
MR. AKASHI'S WARNING THAT THE WORSENING SITUATION IN AND AROUND
SARAJEVO WILL NOT BE TOLERATED MAY NOT IMPRESS EITHER THE
SERBS, WHO ARE SAID TO BE RESPONSIBLE FOR THE LATEST FIGHTING, OR
THE BOSNIAN ARMY.
THE U-N ENVOY HIMSELF HAS REPEATEDLY TOLERATED WHAT HE OR OTHER
U-N OFFICIALS HAVE DESCRIBED AS INTOLERABLE. MR. AKASHI REJECTED
A REQUEST BY THE U-N COMMANDER IN BOSNIA FOR RETALIATORY NATO AIR
STRIKES WHEN THE SERBS SHELLED SARAJEVO EARLIER THIS MONTH.
(SIGNED)
NEB/WC/BG
24-May-95 4:22 PM EDT (2022 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.299usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179328
TITLE=BOSNIA/FIGHTING (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE WARRING FORCES IN BOSNIA HAVE BEEN GIVEN A UNITED
NATIONS ULTIMATUM TO STOP FIGHTING WITH HEAVY WEAPONS IN AND
AROUND SARAJEVO AND TO RESPECT THE HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE
THERE. IF THE SERBS OR BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT TROOPS IGNORE THE
ULTIMATUM, THE U-N COMMANDER IN BOSNIA SAYS NATO AIR STRIKES WILL
BE ORDERED AGAINST THEM. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT,
WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: IN RESPONSE TO MORE HEAVY FIGHTING IN AND AROUND
SARAJEVO,THE UNITED NATIONS COMMANDER IN BOSNIA HAS TOLD THE
WARRING FORCES TO STOP IT. THE COMMANDER, BRITISH GENERAL RUPERT
SMITH, HAS GIVEN AN ULTIMATUM TO THE BOSNIAN SERBS AND THE
BOSNIAN ARMY TO CEASE FIRING THEIR HEAVY WEAPONS IN THE SARAJEVO
AREA BY 10 HOURS G-M-T ON THURSDAY.
THE SERBS MUST ALSO RETURN FOUR HEAVY WEAPONS, TAKEN FROM U-N
COLLECTION POINTS IN THE HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND THE
BOSNIAN CAPITAL, BY THAT DEADLINE. GENERAL SMITH HAS SET ANOTHER
DEADLINE - 10 HOURS G-M-T ON FRIDAY -FOR ALL OTHER HEAVY WEAPONS
IN THE EXCLUSION ZONE TO BE REMOVED OR HANDED OVER TO U-N FORCES.
THE GENERAL SAYS, IN THESE WORDS, FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH EITHER
DEADLINE WILL RESULT IN THE OFFENDING PARTY OR PARTIES BEING
ATTACKED FROM THE AIR. ANY NATO AIR STRIKES WOULD HAVE TO BE
APPROVED BY U-N ENVOY YASUSHIAKASHI. HIS SPOKESMAN IN ZAGREB
TOLD V-O-A MR. AKASHI ABSOLUTELY BACKS GENERAL SMITH'S ULTIMATUM.
THE SPOKESMAN ADDS THAT POSSIBLE TARGETS FOR NATO WARPLANES TO
ATTACK HAVE ALREADY BEEN IDENTIFIED.
MR. AKASHI, HIMSELF, ISSUED AN UNUSUALLY STRONG STATEMENT ON THE
WORSENING SITUATION IN SARAJEVO. HE SAYS VIOLATIONS OF THE HEAVY
WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE ARE INTOLERABLE AND THAT THE GRAVITY OF
THE SITUATION SHOULD NOT BE UNDER-ESTIMATED. THE U-N ENVOY IS
CLEARLY TRYING TO CONVINCE THE WARRING FORCES,ESPECIALLY THE
SERBS, THAT HE IS SERIOUS, THIS TIME, ABOUT APPROVING NATO AIR
STRIKES IF HIS COMMANDER IN BOSNIA REQUESTS THEM.
EARLIER THIS MONTH, MR. AKASHI REJECTED A REQUEST FROM GENERAL
SMITH FOR RETALIATORY AIR STRIKES AFTER THE SERBS SHELLED
SARAJEVO AND KILLED 11 PEOPLE. MANY U-N SOLDIERS IN SARAJEVO
HAVE BEEN FRUSTRATED BY THE INCREASINGLY HELPLESS SITUATION IN
WHICH THEY HAVE FOUND THEMSELVES AS U-N OFFICIALS HAVE TRIED TO
APPEASE THE SERBS.
U-N CONCESSIONS HAVE ONLY LED TO MORE SERB DEMANDS AND TO MORE
BLATANT SERB VIOLATIONS OF U-N RESOLUTIONS ON THE BOSNIAN
CONFLICT. THE SERBS HAVE BEEN BLAMED FOR STARTING THE LATEST
FIGHTING ON THE EDGE OF SARAJEVO. FIVE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED
IN GOVERNMENT-HELD TERRITORY. AT LEAST ONE PERSON HAS ALSO BEEN
KILLED IN A SERB-HELD AREA. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/PT
24-May-95 7:25 PM EDT (2325 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.300usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179320
TITLE=BOSNIA/FIGHTING (S) 2ND UPDATE
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
///NEW INFO THRUOUT///
INTRO: THE UNITED NATIONS COMMANDER IN BOSNIA HAS DEMANDED THE
END OF FIGHTING IN THE SARAJEVO AREA AND THE END OF VIOLATIONS OF
THE HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL. IF
EITHERT HE BOSNIAN SERBS OR GOVERNMENT TROOPS FAIL TO MEET THESE
DEMANDS,THE U-N COMMANDER SAYS NATO AIR STRIKES WILL BE ORDERED
AGAINST THEM. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE
COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: THE U-N COMMANDER IN BOSNIA, BRITISH GENERAL RUPERT
SMITH,HAS GIVEN THE WARRING FORCES AN ULTIMATUM - STOP FIRING
HEAVY WEAPONS IN AND AROUND SARAJEVO AND RESPECT THE HEAVY
WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE THERE. HE SAYS THE FIRING MUST END AND
THE SERBS MUST RETURN FOUR HEAVY WEAPONS, SEIZED FROM U-N
COLLECTION POINTS, BY 10 HOURS G-M-T (6:00 A-M EDT) ON THURSDAY.
OTHER HEAVY WEAPONS STILL INSIDE THE EXCLUSION ZONE MUST BE
REMOVED OR HANDED OVER TO U-N FORCES 24 HOURS LATER.
GENERAL SMITH SAYS FAILURE TO COMPLY WITH EITHER DEADLINE WILL
RESULT IN THE OFFENDING PARTY BEING ATTACKED BY NATO WARPLANES.
U-N ENVOY YASUSHI AKASHI, WHO MUST APPROVE ANY REQUEST FOR NATO
AIRSTRIKES, IS SAID TO FULLY BACK GENERAL SMITH'S ULTIMATUM.
MR. AKASHI ISSUED A STATEMENT IN ZAGREB, SAYING THE FIGHTING IN
AND AROUND SARAJEVO CANNOT BE TOLERATED. AT LEAST FIVE PEOPLE
HAVE BEEN KILLED AND MANY MORE HAVE BEEN INJURED IN THE LATEST
CLASHES.(SIGNED)
NEB/PT
24-May-95 5:16 PM EDT (2116 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.301usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179316
TITLE=BOSNIA/SITREP (S ONLY)
BYLINE=DAVID FOLEY
DATELINE=SARAJEVO
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: AT LEAST FIVE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED IN SARAJEVO AS
SHELLS HAVE FALLEN ON THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL. DAVID FOLEY REPORTS
FROM SARAJEVO.
TEXT: DOZENS OF HEAVY SHELLS HAVE FALLEN ON SARAJEVO, KILLING
SEVERAL PEOPLE, AND A NUMBER OF BUILDINGS HAVE BEEN SET ON FIRE.
FIGHTING IS CONTINUING TO RAGE IN THE HILLS AROUND THE CITY, AND
BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT ARMY SOURCES HAVE CONFIRMED THE BOSNIAN SERBS
ARE TRYING TO TAKE THREE GOVERNMENT BUNKERS THAT THREATEN SUPPLY
LINES TO THE BOSNIAN SERBS HEADQUARTERS IN PALE.
BOTH SIDES HAVE BEEN USING HEAVY WEAPONS IN APPARENT VIOLATION OF
THE 20-KILOMETER HEAVY WEAPONS EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND SARAJEVO.
NATO WARPLANES HAVE BEEN PASSING LOW OVER THE CITY ALL DAY, BUT
UNITED NATIONS OFFICIALS HERE SAY THAT IF BOTH SIDES CHOOSE TO
FIGHT, THERE IS LITTLE THEY CAN DO.
THE UNITED NATIONS IS IN THE MIDDLE OF RE-EVALUATING ITS ROLE IN
BOSNIA, AND AS THE FIGHTING HERE SEEMS TO GROW BY THE HOUR, THE
FUTURE OF UNITED NATIONS PEACEKEEPERS IN SARAJEVO IS UNCERTAIN.
(SIGNED)
NEB/DF/AI-T/BG
24-May-95 4:40 PM EDT (2040 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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voa.302usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179327
TITLE=U-S-BOSNIA (S ONLY)
BYLINE=RON PEMSTEIN
DATELINE=STATE DEPARTMENT
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THE UNITED STATES IS CALLING ON THE UNITED NATIONS TO
MAKE A MORE AGRRESSIVE RESPONSE TO BOSNIAN SERB VIOLATIONS OF THE
U-N EXCLUSION ZONE AROUND SARAJEVO. V-O-A'S RON PEMSTEIN REPORTS
FROM THE STATEDEPARTMENT ON THE AMERICAN FRUSTRATION.
TEXT: THE UNITED NATIONS HAS REFUSED TO CALL IN NATO AIR STRIKES
IN SARAJEVO EVEN THOUGH BOSNIAN SERB TANKS HAVE BEEN SIGHTED
FIRING INTO THE CITY. THE U-N COMMANDER IN BOSNIA HAS DECLARED AN
ULTIMATUM THREATENING AIR STRIKES IF THE ATTACKS CONTINUE.
THE STATE DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN NICHOLAS BURNS EXPRESSED
FRUSTRATION WITH THE LACK OF AN AGRESSIVE POSTURE BY THE UNITED
NATIONS SO FAR.
///BURNS ACT///
WE FIRMLY BELIEVE THAT AIR STRIKES ARE WARRANTED IN
RESPONSE TO FLAGRANT VIOLATIONS OF RELEVANT U-N
RESOLUTIONS AND WE STAND READY TO PARTICIPATE IN ANY WAY
WE CAN TO HELP ENFORCE THE U-N RESOLUTIONS IF SIMILAR
EPISODES TAKE PLACE IN THE FUTURE. IT'S HIGHLY
DISTURBING THAT THE BOSNIAN SERBS CAN CONTINUE TO ACT
WITH IMPUNITY.
///END ACT///
THE SPOKESMAN SAYS THE UNITED STATES FAVORS A STRENGTHENED UNITED
NATIONS PEACEKEEPING FORCE IN BOSNIA THAT CAN PROTECT ITSELF AS
WELL AS BETTER COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNITED NATIONS AND NATO
THAT MUST CARRY OUT THE AIR STRIKES. (SIGNED)
NEB/RP/LTJ/PT
24-May-95 7:12 PM EDT (2312 UTC)
NNNN
Source: Voice of America
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NEB Newswire for UTC Wednesday
91. THE ANIMAL MIND (S)-8 By CAROLYN WEAVER/WASHINGTON
92. U-S / NOKOR (S) By DAN ROBINSON/BANGKOK
93. U-S / NOKOR UPDATE (S) By DAN ROBINSON/BANGKOK
94. U-S / NORTH KOREA (L) By DAN ROBINSON/BANGKOK
--> 95. U-S-BOSNIA (S ONLY) By RON PEMSTEIN/STATE DEPARTMENT
96. U-S-CUBA PRISONERS (S ONLY) By RON PEMSTEIN/STATE DEPARTMENT
97. U-S/ALGERIA (S ONLY) By VICTOR BEATTIE/WASHINGTON
98. U-S/BRIT AVIATION By ART CHIMES/WASHINGTON
99. U-S/LATAM BANANAS By BILL RODGERS/SAN JOSE
100. U.S.-MEXICO BINATIONAL COMMISSION MEETS
101. WEDNESDAY'S HEADLINES By ANDREW N. GUTHRIE/WASHINGTON
102. WHITE HOUSE SECURITY (S & L) [2] By DAVID BORGIDA/WHITE HOUSE
103. WHITE HOUSE SECURITY (S ONLY) By DAVID BORGIDA/WASHINGTON
104. WHITE HOUSE SECURITY 2ND UPDATE (S&L) By DAVID BORGIDA/WHITE HOUSE
105. YUGO SITREP (L) [2] By WAYNE COREY/VIENNA
106. YUGO SITREP (S) By WAYNE COREY/VIENNA
Press?Help,qQuit,uup
voa.303usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179299
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (L)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: THERE HAS BEEN MORE FIGHTING AROUND SARAJEVO, AND AT
LEAST THREE PEOPLE HAVE BEEN KILLED. MEANWHILE, A RUSSIAN
DIPLOMAT FLEW TO BELGRADE FOR TALKS WITH THE SERBIAN PRESIDENT ON
THE DEADLOCKED BOSNIAN PEACE PROCESS. V-O-A'S CENTRAL EUROPEAN
CORRESPONDENT WAYNE COREY REPORTS.
TEXT: CLASHES BROKE OUT ON A HEAVILY-FORTIFIED HILLSIDE THAT
OVERLOOKS SARAJEVO WHEN THE SERBS FIRED AT BOSNIAN ARMY
POSITIONS.
THE FIGHTING SPILLED OVER TO THE JEWISH CEMETERY IN SARAJEVO.
THE SHOOTING AND LOUD EXPLOSIONS COULD BE HEARD IN THE CENTER OF
THE BOSNIAN CAPITAL.
THE UNITED NATIONS COMMAND APPEALED TO THE WARRING FORCES TO STOP
THE FIGHTING OR TO PREVENT IT FROM SPREADING. HOURS LATER, THE
COMMAND SAID THE CLASHES WERE STILL MAINLY CONFINED TO THE
HILLSIDE WHERE THEY BEGAN.
BUT, CANNISTERS THAT EMITTED WHITE SMOKE WERE SEEN IN SARAJEVO,
AND LOCAL AUTHORITIES WARNED RESIDENTS ABOUT SERB ATTACKS WITH
CHEMICAL OR BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS.
A U-N MILITARY SPOKESMAN SAYS THE CANNISTERS MAY HAVE SPEWED OUT
PHOSPHOROUS GAS THAT CAN BURN THE SKIN. BUT, PHOSPHOROUS GAS
SHELLS HAVE MILITARY USES AND ARE NOT BANNED BY INTERNATIONAL
LAW.
U-N MILITARY EXPERTS HAVE NOT ACTUALLY EXAMINED THE CANNISTERS,
BUT AN INVESTIGATION IS PLANNED SO THE SHELLS CAN BE IDENTIFIED.
MEANWHILE, THE BOSNIAN SERBS HAVE AGAIN VIOLATED U-N RESOLUTIONS
ON THE BOSNIAN CONFLICT BY SEIZING THREE HEAVY WEAPONS FROM ONE
OF THE U-N COLLECTION POINTS AROUND SARAJEVO.
/// OPT /// THE SERBS CAN TAKE ANY WEAPONS THEY WANT FROM
THESE COLLECTION POINTS BECAUSE U-N SOLDIERS WILL NOT USE FORCE
TO STOP THEM. /// END OPT ///
MORE TALKS ON REVIVING THE DEADLOCKED BOSNIAN PROCESS ARE
CONTINUING IN BELGRADE. SERBIAN PRESIDENT SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC WAS
MEETING WITH A RUSSIAN DIPLOMAT, ALEXANDER ZOTOV.
MR. ZOTOV WAS EXPECTED TO SUPPORT MR. MILOSEVIC'S DEMAND FOR A
LIFTING OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA IF HE
AGREES TO RECOGNIZE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA'S CURRENT BORDERS.
MR. ZOTOV IS A MEMBER OF THE BIG POWER CONTACT GROUP ON BOSNIA.
ANOTHER MEMBER, AMERICAN DIPLOMAT ROBERT FRASURE, LEFT BELGRADE
ON TUESDAY WITHOUT ANY AGREEMENT ON YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF
BOSNIA.
THE UNITED STATES OPPOSES THE COMPLETE AND UNCONDITIONAL LIFTING
OF SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA. U-S OFFICIALS ARE ANNOYED THAT
THE RUSSIAN DIPLOMAT WENT TO BELGRADE WITHOUT COORDINATING HIS
VISIT WITH OTHER CONTACT GROUP MEMBERS.
DIPLOMATS SAY ANY AGREEMENT THAT MR. ZOTOV AND PRESIDENT
MILOSEVIC MIGHT REACH ON YUGOSLAV RECOGNITION OF BOSNIA WOULD
PROBABLY NOT BE ACCEPTABLE TO THE UNITED STATES AND TO THE
BOSNIAN GOVERNMENT.
IN CROATIA, UNITED NATIONS HUMAN RIGHTS INVESTIGATOR THADEUSZ
MAZOWIECKI SAYS ATROCITIES WERE COMMITTED WHEN THE CROATIAN ARMY
RECAPTURED THE SERB-HELD WESTERN SLAVONIA REGION EARLY THIS
MONTH. MR. MAZOWIECKI GAVE NO DETAILS. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/SKH/JWH
24-May-95 10:59 AM EDT (1459 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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voa.304usisbel,
DATE=5/24/95
TYPE=CORRESPONDENT REPORT
NUMBER=2-179276
TITLE=YUGO SITREP (S)
BYLINE=WAYNE COREY
DATELINE=VIENNA
CONTENT=
VOICED AT:
INTRO: A RUSSIAN DIPLOMAT IS DUE TO ARRIVE IN BELGRADE TODAY
(WEDNESDAY) TO TRY TO BREAK THE DEADLOCK IN THE BOSNIAN PEACE
PROCESS. AN AMERICAN DIPLOMAT EARLIER FAILED TO PERSUADE THE
SERBIAN PRESIDENT TO RECOGNIZE BOSNIA IN RETURN FOR A SIGNIFICANT
EASING OF INTERNATIONAL SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA. V-O-A'S
CENTRAL EUROPEAN CORRESPONDENT, WAYNE COREY, REPORTS.
TEXT: RUSSIAN DIPLOMAT ALEXANDER ZOTOV WILL MEET WITH THE
SERBIAN PRESIDENT, SLOBODAN MILOSEVIC, TO PURSUE THE MAJOR
POWERS' INTEREST IN PUTTING MORE PRESSURE ON THE BOSNIAN SERBS
TO ACCEPT A PEACE AGREEMENT.
BUT, MR. ZOTOV'S VISIT HAS NOT BEEN COORDINATED WITH THE UNITED
STATES OR WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THE BIG POWER CONTACT GROUP ON
BOSNIA.
UNLIKE THE UNITED STATES, RUSSIA FAVORS LIFTING INTERNATIONAL
SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA IF PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC AGREES TO
RECOGNIZE BOSNIA.
IF MR. ZOTOV MAKES NEW RUSSIAN PROPOSALS TO THE SERBIAN
PRESIDENT, THE CONTACT GROUP COULD BE FURTHER DIVIDED. THE
GROUP'S LACK OF INTERNAL UNITY HAS BEEN A CONTINUING PROBLEM.
ON TUESDAY, THE UNITED STATES GAVE UP ITS LATEST ATTEMPT TO
PERSUADE PRESIDENT MILOSEVIC TO RECOGNIZE BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA IN
EXCHANGE FOR A SIGNIFICANT EASING OF SANCTIONS AGAINST
YUGOSLAVIA.
MR. MILOSEVIC REFUSED TO CONSIDER RECOGNIZING BOSNIA UNLESS ALL
SANCTIONS AGAINST YUGOSLAVIA ARE LIFTED UNCONDITIONALLY. (SIGNED)
NEB/WC/MH
24-May-95 5:37 AM EDT (0937 UTC)
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Source: Voice of America
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