novosti.1nenad,
Dobrodošli u novi tom PCHARD-a, sa nekoliko novih tema i bez
nekoliko starih. :)
novosti.2nenad,
Memorija budućnosti će biti ili DRDRAM ili DDRDRAM ili ESDRAM.
Evo nekih predviđanja šta nas čeka sledeće godine i dalje...
Direct Rambus DRAM to bring memory up to speed
Direct Rambus DRAM (RDRAM), the technology Intel has chosen for
the PC of the future, will be shipping at 64Mb the end of next
year, and will reach 256Mb by the end of the decade,
technologists were told at the Microprocessor Forum here
Wednesday.
Direct RDRAM will reach 1Gb density in 2002, said Allen
Roberts, vice president and general manager of the memory and
technology division at Rambus.
Direct RDRAM "addresses the shortcomings of today's DRAMs,"
said Peter Song, senior analyst at MicroDesign Resources, in
Sunnyvale, Calif. While processor speeds and memory densities
have continued to rise, memory speed has not kept up, he said.
In PCs, Direct RDRAM will be implemented on memory boards very
similar to today's DIMMs, Roberts said. Careful motherboard
designs will enable bandwidth to reach 800Mbps per pin, he
noted.
An early adopter of Direct RDRAM will be notebook suppliers
because the technology allows large amounts of RAM to be
implemented in a small number of packages, Roberts said.
"There will be rapid adoption for mobile applications," Roberts
said.
Although Roberts claims Direct RDRAM incurs a cost penalty of
about 5 percent over synchronous DRAM, experience has shown
RDRAM is 8 percent to 10 percent more expensive, said Farhad
Tabrizi, director of strategic marketing at Hyundai Electronics
America and chair of the SLDRAM Consortium. If error-correcting
code is implemented, the premium can be 20 percent.
Memory manufacturers are unlikely to press the adoption of a
more-expensive technology over the next 5 years, Tabrizi said.
In that time, manufacturers will continue to have more capacity
than the market demands, and they won't want to give up any of
the small profit they will make, he noted.
Double data rate (DDR) DRAM, another contender for PC main
memory, will be shipping early in 1998, said Jack Konrath,
director of strategic marketing for memory products at Fujitsu
Microelectronics.
DDR DRAM will be the memory technology of choice for PCs from
the second half of next year through 1999, Konrath said.
Yet another contender, Enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), will be
shipping this year, said David Bondurant, director of marketing
and applications at Enhanced Memory Systems, in Colorado
Springs, Colo. ESDRAM offers the large bandwidth and low
latency required in PCs, with a 5 percent to 10 percent
increase in circuitry on the chip.
novosti.3nenad,
1999. bi trebalo da se pojave prvi primerci nove generacije
64-bitnih procesora (Merced) koje je Intel razvijao u saradnji sa
HP-om. Samo FPU deo će imati 128 registara i koristiće se
"predviđanje" (izvršavaju se instrukcije unapred i to više
mogućih grana i zatim se nastavlja na onu koja se pokaže
potrebnom).
Procesor će biti kompatibilan sa svim trenutno postojećim
32-bitnim operativnim sistemima i aplikacijama, ali ništa se ne
kaže za 16-tobitne.
S obzirom na činjenicu da je DEC predao Alpha procesore u
nadležnost Intelu i da se PowerPC polako povlači sa PC tržišta,
ne treba sumnjati da je upravo ovo procesor koji će obeležiti
godine koje dolaze. Nadamo se da se bar AMD, Ciryx i slični neće
predati. :)
HP, Intel christen 64-bit architecture
The Intel/Hewlett-Packard Merced processor will use
predication, speculation, and other architectural features to
speed operation when it begins shipping in 1999, attendees at
the Microprocessor Forum were told here Tuesday.
Predication aims to remove branches in a program so that the
program runs faster, explained Jerry Huck, manager and lead
architect for the Intel-architecture, 64-bit (IA-64) processor
at HP. Today, a program runs until it reaches a decision point,
then branches depending on the result of a calculation at that
point. With the Explicitly Parallel Instruction Computing
(EPIC) architecture that will be used in Merced, instructions
are tagged with predicates that tell the computer which
branches the instructions belong to so that the processor can
run all the instructions, then select the correct one.
The EPIC architecture provides 64 1-bit registers to store
predicate data, Huck explained.
The major advantage of predication is that it makes more
effective use of parallel hardware, Huck said. EPIC provides
general-purpose and floating-point execution units on parallel
buses, each connected to 128 of its own registers, he noted.
Speculation aims to reduce memory latency, the length of time
it takes for a CPU to get data from memory, by separating the
way a processor loads data from the way it handles exceptions,
Huck explained. With the EPIC architecture, the CPU detects
exceptions early in the program, passing this information
through its operations. The exception is already available by
the time the processor needs it, he explained.
These and other techniques will let Intel build Merced and its
follow-on processors with an explicitly parallel architecture,
said John Crawford, Intel Fellow and director of microprocessor
architecture. The implicitly parallel architecture of today's
processors limits their performance.
Intel is already working on Merced's 64-bit successor, which
will appear on the market in 2001, said Fred Pollack, director
of processor planning for Intel's microprocessor group.
The second-generation Merced processor will offer twice the
performance of Merced. It "will simply blow your socks off,"
Pollack said.
Intel expects that multiple operating system databases, PCs,
and high-end applications will appear on the market at the same
time Merced ships, Pollack said.
Intel will position its 64-bit processors at the high-end
server and workstation market, and at the same time continue to
support and develop 32-bit-based processors, Pollack said.
Over time, Intel expects a transition from 32-bit processors to
64-bit processors in the high-end workstation and server
market.
The enhanced 32-bit processors Intel will produce will be
targeted at all segments of the market, including desktops,
mobile computers, and servers, according to Pollack.
HP and Intel officials reiterated their claim that 64-bit
processors will be fully backward-compatible with 32-bit
applications and operating systems, Pollack said.
Asked why Intel is talking about processor technology that is a
number of years away from the common reality, Pollack said
Intel is interested in building momentum to ensure that when
64-bit processors appear, complete systems -- hardware,
operating systems, and applications -- will be on the market.
Further details of the EPIC architecture will be described at
future conferences, Intel and HP executives said. Among these
features are the branch, floating-point, and multimedia
architectures, memory management and protection, and
compatibility.
novosti.4nenad,
Trenutno AMD ima problema da proizvede dovoljnu količinu K6
procesora kako bi zadovoljio zahteve tržišta.
K6+ će se pojaviti već sledeće godine, imaće 256K sekundarnog
keša, radiće na pločama od 100MHz i koristiće "Super 7" slot.
K7 će koristiti slične slotove kao Pentium II (Slot 1 - i to
kompatibilne sa njima), ali AMD će i dalje podržavati postojeći
Socket 7 pentium slot.
AMD's Sanders details company's processor road map
During his keynote address at the Microprocessor Forum here
Tuesday, Advanced Micro Devices chairman and CEO Jerry Sanders
said the company next year will introduce a processor housed in
a "Slot A" module compatible with Intel's Pentium II Slot 1,
while also continuing to produce Pentium Socket 7-compatible
CPUs and enhancing Socket 7.
Sanders expects volume production of the K7, its
CPU-in-a-module follow-on to the K6, in 1999. Speeds will reach
500 MHz and beyond, he said.
AMD's road map doesn't end there, Sanders noted, adding that
"work has begun on the K8."
Sanders also acknowledged problems ramping production of the
K6.
"We are currently struggling to meet demand," Sanders said.
"They're not doing okay," said Mel Thomsen, an analyst at Micro
Design Resources (MDR), in Sunnyvale, Calif. His concern is
that AMD may be over-committing with an aggressive road map.
"It's going to be tough to execute," Thomsen said.
AMD also will boost the performance of Socket 7, speeding the
bus from today's 66 MHz to 100 MHz in the first half of next
year, said Sanders. Later in the year, AMD will offer its K6+
processor, which will plug into the Super 7 socket and offer
256KB of Level 2 cache to improve performance.
Sanders noted that the firm's Fab 25 facility in Texas has
started producing K6 processors with a 0.25-micron process. He
said AMD's Fab 30, in Dresden, Germany, will start production
in 1999 with 0.25-micron technology, and will later move to
feature sizes under 0.15 micron.
AMD already is sampling a K6 with an extended MMX instruction
set that supports Microsoft's DirectX API, Sanders said. The
chip will be available the first half of next year, he added.
novosti.5nenad,
Tokom ovog meseca treba da se pojavi AMD K6 na 300MHz, a Ciryx će
iduće godine predstaviti svoj Cayenne koji će najzad rešiti
problem slabijih FPU performansi jer će imati pipelined bus za
FPU.
AMD will demonstrate a 300MHz K6 at Comdex/Fall in November and
that at least one notebook PC maker will show K6-based notebooks.
For its part, Cyrix will heat things up in late 1998 with the
introduction of a processor, code-named Cayenne, that addresses a
long-standing criticism of Cyrix processors-- floating point
performance.
The processor, based on the 6X86MX core, has a dual issue,
pipelined floating point unit to improve 3-D graphics, digital
versatile disk and 3-D audio applications, officials said.
It also has 64KB of Level 1 cache and will be built on a 0.25
micron process. The processor is expected to reach clock speeds
of up to 400MHz.
Cyrix's current 6X86MX will support a 100MHz system bus in the
first quarter, as well as 100MHz Synchronous Dynamic RAM.
novosti.6illusion,
Otvorena je grupa Hardware ko hoce unutra nek mi se javi.
Ime sve kaze.
novosti.7obren,
> Otvorena je grupa Hardware ko hoce unutra nek mi se javi.
>
> Ime sve kaze.
Čemu grupa hardver, pored istoimene konferencije? Pravite blue box za
telefon?
novosti.8supers,
>> Otvorena je grupa Hardware ko hoce unutra nek mi se javi.
Grupu za hardware obično čine "stručnjaci" koje je blam da pišu
u konferenciji ;)
novosti.9illusion,
Hvala momci za svo vredjanje,
a za moju strucnost.......
Dobro je kad svuda imas prijatelje!!!!!!
novosti.10zlaya,
- > Otvorena je grupa Hardware ko hoce unutra nek mi se javi.
- >
- > Ime sve kaze.
-
- Čemu grupa hardver, pored istoimene konferencije? Pravite blue
- box za telefon?
Ako treba, da bacim file... ;))
novosti.11milosh,
Ne moze se nikako iskljuciti koliko se ja secam (nije PAL :). Nemacki
modemi imaju i jos neke zastite, opet slabo pamcenje mislim da ne mogu
da zovu odredjene tel. brojeve etc. Nesto kao i njihovi mobilni telefoni.
Milosh
novosti.12apopovic,
Simpaticne vesti...
Cene AMD procesora u SAD:
MAJ JUL
333-MHz K6-2 $369 $228
300-MHz K6-2 $281 $147
266-MHz K6-2 $185 $115
Sta nam ova tabela govori?
Pa, posto je Intel nagovestio pad cena svojih PII procesora krajem
juna i pocetkom jula to su ljudi iz AMD-a odmah te cene umanjili za
25 % (strategija: uvek 25 % jeftiniji od Intela na istom taktu
procesora). Naravno i AMD od jula ima snizene cene :)
Najveci trn u oku AMD-a je Intel Celeron koji se prodaje po veoma povoljnim
cenama. U Intelu inace nagovestavaju dodavanje kesa u procesor u
4. kvartalu ove godine.
AMD K6-2 procesori se rade naravno za Socket7 podnozja te se mogu
koristiti VX, HX, TX, LX...ploce. Problem kako dostoci PII performanse
oni traze u podizanju takta ploce na 100 MHz. Procene kazu da ce
performanse sa prelaskom korisnika na 100 MHz sistem bus povecati za
15 % te ce procesori postati konkurentski sa PII na istom taktu.
Novost je i 3DNow (novi set instrukcija)koji pruza K6-2, Microsoft je
3DNow podrzao u svom DirectX 6.0 koji izlazi pocetkom jula.
Ostaje jos da se vidi kako ce biti iskoriscene nove 3D instrukcije.
novosti.13obren,
Tri najveća proizvođača PC računara: IBM, Compaq i Hewlett-Packard
izašli su sa predlogom novog standarda za "superbrzu" magistralu
pod nazivom PCIX, koja bi trebala da radi na brzinama većim od 100MHz.
Da bi novi standard zaživeo, potrebno je da ga prihvati Intel koji sa
druge strane radi na sopstvenom nasledniku već posustalog PCI standarda.
Intel tvrdi da će ozbiljno razmotriti konkurentski predlog i usvojiti
ga ukoliko bude superiorniji, mada bi na taj način ostao bez prihoda
od prodavanja licenci proizvođačima matičnih ploča...
----------------------------
Computer Makers Propose New PCI Design
By Andy Patrizio, TechWeb
SANTA CLARA, Calif. -- IBM, Compaq, and Hewlett-Packard have created a
design for a new high-speed Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus
they want Intel to adopt.
The proposed bus, called PCIX, is reportedly twice as fast as the
current interface, which runs at 66 MHz. PCI is the bus that devices
such as disk controllers and network cards use to communicate with
memory, the CPU, and other devices.
The companies are trying to persuade Santa Clara, Calif.-based Intel
(company profile) to endorse the concept in place of a technology Intel
is developing, which the companies fear could require royalty payments
to the chip maker, according to a report in Friday's Wall Street
Journal.
Intel would not confirm or deny The Wall Street Journal report that it
is working on a new PCI design. A company spokesman said he wasn't sure
if the new design spec had already been submitted, but he expected it
would be submitted shortly.
Intel also said it was open to evaluating what IBM, Compaq, and HP have
developed. "We will study it, and after that, provide hopefully an
informed and educated opinion," said Robert Manetta, Intel spokesman. He
said Intel would be willing to consider adopting the new design for the
PCI specification.
However, any new design, whether it came from Intel or HP-IBM-Compaq,
would have to be submitted to the industry at large -- such as the PCI
Special Interest Group, a group made of representatives from major
original equipment manufacturers, that would have to approve changes to
the PCI specification, Manetta said.
If the new PCI proposal catches hold, the technology could give the
three companies an edge over rivals such as Dell, which has been
grabbing market share in PCs and servers, the Journal report said.