razno.104dusanb,
Evo jos jednog profesionalca (u fudbalu),
a i po struci
Dusan
razno.105miro,
Ja bih se takodje rado udruzio sa udruzenjem.
razno.106dveselinovic,
-> #105, miro Ako si zgodan, možda bi se neki delovi istog udružili i sa tobom.
32XDVV
razno.107miro,
-> #106, dveselinovicNemam nista protiv udruzivanja, ali prvo moram razmotriti koji bi se
to delovi rado udruzili sa mnom (ti ne dolazis u obzir, znam te) :))
razno.108dveselinovic,
-> #107, miro Nisam ni mislio na sebe, ja sam sretno oženjen. Ali, zato znam
milion popaljenih dasovana i to ovde na Sezamu; ako te ufate pa se
joinuju sa tobom, što kaže BoyT, ima da rastave dušu od tela.
32XDVV
razno.109miro,
-> #108, dveselinovicAko neces ti, onda nemoj da nudis ni druge. Mi cemo vec da se
snadjemo i sami, al da znas nije ti fer sto neces u udruzivanje.
razno.110dveselinovic,
-> #109, miro More, ja sam ti već toliko udružen da bi me još jedno udruživanje
načisto usmrtilo.
32XDVV
razno.111mirr,
Potrebna mi je mala pomoc oko MCAD-a pa da vidimo "jeli majka rodila junaka
...". Dali a li i kako je moguce u MCAD V.2.5 definisati visedimenzionu matricu
(npr. (2,2,2)). Hvala unapred.
mirr
razno.112milan,
-> #111, mirrNije, sem uz besmislene pretumbancije i nekakva polujasna knjizenja.
Ipak , vise me zanima zasto se koristite MCAD-om? Cemu to uopste
sluzi? Vise vas namaltretira dok vam nactrta sve vase formule nego
sto nesto ume da uradi! DERIVE (ako nemate koprocesor) ili MATLAB
(ako ga imate) sve to rade neuporedivo brze i bolje. Da ne govorimo o
ŠDprogramu MATHEMATICA (koji, istina, trazi 386/3877 kombinaciju sa
bar 4MB RAM-a i jedno 10MB prostora na hardu).
Milan
P.S. Ako imate neka pitannja ili potrebu za nekim od ovih programa
javite se.
razno.113vkostic,
Novi clanovi udruzenja su: Momira Glusicu, Vladimir Blecic
Predraga Becirica i Bojana Zanoskara.
razno.114vkostic,
Narode, ode mast u propast - prijavio se Kale!
Doduse, ako dovede Slavicu u klub (i to u minicu), mozemo da
razmotrimo eventualnu mogunost da ga primimo.
razno.115georges,
HiÚ!
Molio bih vas da mi kazete kako da "raspakujem" fajl sa sufiksom .TTP? Rec je o
najnovijoj verziji arhivera.
Pozdrav, Georges.
==========─=Ú
razno.116bojt,
-> #115, georges>> Molio bih vas da mi kazete kako da "raspakujem" fajl sa
>> sufiksom .TTP? Rec je o najnovijoj verziji arhivera.
Fajlovi sa sufiksom .TTP su programi koji se ne izvršavaju iz GEM-a
na Atariju ST. To nije nikakva arhiva, već program koji može biti i
arhiver (ili mnogo štošta drugo). Ako se radi o arhiveru, nema šta
da se raspakuje, to je program sam za sebe, a on može da pakuje i
raspakuje fajlove.
razno.117georges,
LJUDI! PA JA ZAPRAVO NEMAM ATARI!
GeorGes de Yougoslavie
=======================PC\AT PARTY-ja==
***************************************
razno.118vkostic,
Jos jedan prijavljen: Miro iz Loznice
razno.119kale,
-> #114, vkostic
>> Narode, ode mast u propast - prijavio se Kale!
>>
>> Doduse, ako dovede Slavicu u klub (i to u minicu), mozemo da
>> razmotrimo eventualnu mogunost da ga primimo.
Čekaj malo!!! Ako sam za mlade bajtomane mogao da dovedem neku
drugaricu u klub programera (da vide ljudi kako izgleda žensko čeljade)
iz altruističkih pobuda, sa ***profesionalnim*** udruženjem programera
neće ići tek tako! Ako ćemo profesionalno, neka bude profesionalno!!!
Kale the MACRO(assembler;)
razno.120vkostic,
-> #119, kale
Kale, ja rekoh eventualnu mogucnost da te primimo, a ne da cemo
te primiti. Dokazi da znas da napravis RND na HP i primljen si.
razno.121vkostic,
Jos jedna prijava: bora (Bora Zivanovic).
razno.122kale,
-> #120, vkostic
>> Dokazi da znas da napravis RND na HP i primljen si.
Taj test bi prošla jedno dvojica (uključujući mene, ali ne i
tebe;).
razno.123zormi,
-> #112, milan> ...DERIVE (ako nemate koprocesor) ili MATLAB (ako ga imate)
> sve to rade neuporedivo brze i bolje...
Samo da dodam par objasnjenja:
Koliko ja znam ni jedan ni drugi direktno NE PODRZAVAJU
visedimenzionalne matrice.
DERIVE radi simbolicki (znaci resava probleme u opstim
brojevima npr. x, y, z), a moze i da izracuna konkretan izraz
sa proizvoljnim brojem tacnih cifara.
MATLAB racuna cisto numericki (double precision) i posebno
je pogodan za rad sa matricama i vektorima (ima bogatu biblioteku
funkcija za digitalnu obradu signala). Kod nas u IMTEL-u cak postoji
klub "Ljubitelja MATLAB-a" !
Jos bih preporucio EUREKA-u koja takodje racuna numericki i
dosta je laka i efikasna u radu. Ne trazi koprocesor.
Svi ostali matematicki programi za PC mi se licno manje dopadaju
(resavaju po koji problem vise, a traze mnogo vece resurse).
Pitanje:
Da li neko zna kako najjednostavnije resiti sistem jednacina
(ili cak nejednacina) u Derive-u ?
razno.124mirr,
-> #112, milanMilane hvala Vam na korisnim savetima. Imam 286/287 i prilicno sam zadovoljan
sa onim sto mi MCAD pruza, istina, za MATHLAB san cuo ail ga nisam video a
MATEMETIC-u sam koristio na NEXT-u i to je stvarno divna stvar ali nemam
hardwere za toKKKKKKKKH. Bilo bi mi jako drago da pogledam kako radi MATHLAB.
mirr
razno.125rakim,
Racunajte na mene .
rakim
razno.126bojs,
PC-evci, molim za pomoć!
Možda je pitanje banalno, ali oprostićete neobaveštenom AtariSTi!
Moj kum voli da se igra, a ima Hercules (ne znam tačno koji, ali, ako je to
kritičan podatak, saznaću). Treba mu POUZDAN simcga. Ima jedan mali, oko 600
bajtova, setcga i setmono, ali to kod njega NE radi. Dobije prazan ekran, samo
kurzor koji se pomera i ništa više. Setmono ga NE vraća u HGC mod. Ako je to
bitno, ima 286/16. Ako neko zna rešenje njegovog problema, odgovorite mi, ovde
ili u mail.
Unapred hvala,
Bojan
razno.127bulaja,
-> #126, bojsEvo stize simcga koji bi trebao da radi.
Pozdrav, SXB)
simcga.ziprazno.129nesa,
Prijatelj me je zamolio da se raspitam za neku Mouse library za Quic
Basic. Naime, hoće da u svojim programima koristi i miša. Ima li to
neko, i da li treba navoditi (nekom komandom) na kom portu je
instaliran miš. Takođe se raspituje i za Microsoft Mouse prog.
reference guide.
Unapred hvala!
(Javiti na NESA ili na 489-6901!)
razno.130vkostic,
Mnogopostovani DVV je trenutno u Sarajevu pa cemo morati da se
malo strpimo oko sale za prvi sastanak "udruzenja".
U medjuvremenu porazmislite o svemu vezanom za udruzenje - kako
da primamo nove clanove, statut, itd, pa cemo prodiskutovati u
sredu.
Inace, prijavilo se jos 6-7 novih clanova.
Pozdrav, V.K.
razno.131sasa,
HELP!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
Potreban mi je MMD.SYS - memory manager za (ako se ne varam) G2 AT286 ploču.
Unapred Hvala
Saša!!
razno.132dejanr,
Sledeći interesantan tekst poslao nam je Dragan Jovicevic:
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Date: Thu, 6 Sep 90 04:54:42 -0400
From: Raymond Chen <rjc@math.Princeton.EDU>
Subject: The file `faq.more'
To: EJOVICEV <@pucc.bitnet:EJOVICEV@yubgef51.BITNET>
Message-id: <9009060854.AA04632@math.Princeton.EDU>
X-Envelope-to: EJOVICEV
CHAPTER 0: INTRODUCTION
0.1) What is this file?
0.2) I have a question that's not in this file. How should I ask it
to increase the chances that I'll get a response?
0.3) Somebody just said that a { Mac, Amiga } beats the socks of a PC.
I have my flame thrower ready. Any last words?
0.4) Somebody just asked a really simple question. What should I do?
CHAPTER 1: OBTAINING PROGRAMS FROM THE ARCHIVES
1.1) What is anonymous ftp? How do I use it?
1.2) How do I use the programs that are posted to comp.binaries.ibm.pc?
1.3) I've uudecoded it, and the file is on my PC. Now what?
1.4) The unpacking program said that the archive was corrupted.
1.5) What public archives exist, and what are their IP numbers?
1.6) I do not have ftp access. Can somebody email me the files?
CHAPTER 2: PROGRAMMING
2.1) How do I program the mouse/joystick? What does interrupt X do?
How do I program my EGA/VGA/whatever graphics card?
2.2) How do I do direct video access from C? Read/write an arbitrary byte?
2.3) How do I reboot my computer via software?
2.4) What is the difference between extended/expanded memory, and
how can I access it from my C/Pascal program?
2.5) I get the message "floating point formats not linked" when I
try to run my C program. Why?
CHAPTER 3: SOFTWARE AND VENDORS
3.1) Has anyone had any experience with {company X, product Y}?
3.2) I'm having trouble with product X. Can anyone help me?
3.3) What is the file format that application X uses?
3.4) Rumor has it that company X is working on a new version of product Y.
Does anybody have any information about it?
3.5) I don't like my keyboard's layout. How can I swap the X and Y keys?
CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE
4.1) What are the differences between chip X and chip Y?
4.2) Can I move floppies around freely between 1.2M and 360K drives?
How about formatting a 360K floppy as 1.2M? 720K as 1.44M?
4.3) How do I do a low-level reformat of my hard drive?
4.4) What does interleave mean? What interleave should I use?
4.5) What do ESDI, SCSI, RLL, MFM mean?
4.6) Can I use an RLL controller on my MFM drive?
4.7) Should I leave my PC turned on all the time? What about
mounting it sideways?
CHAPTER 5: MISCELLANEOUS
5.1) How do I undelete a file? Recover from an accidental reformat?
5.2) Where can I get curses? vi? emacs? How do I remove a TSR from memory?
How do I write my own TSR? Is there a program that does X?
5.3) What about GIF images? How do I view a GIF image?
5.4) How do I turn the ECHO off from a batch file?
5.5) How can I set a long path? How can I enlarge my environment?
How do I get/set an environment variable from a C/pascal program?
5.6) How do I install a new version of DOS on my hard drive?
APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO MORE QUESTIONS and AVAILABILITY OF THIS FILE
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
CHAPTER 0: INTRODUCTION
0.1) What is this file?
This is a list of questions that seem to pop up repeatedly in this
newsgroup. The purpose of this article is to answer them once and
for all so as to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. There are also
bits and pieces of etiquette hidden in the answers, so even if you
aren't particularly fascinated by the topic, skim through the answer.
You might learn something.
The mentioning of a particular company is not meant to be interpreted
as an endorsement, merely a presentation of information which is
requested often. If you feel I am showing favoritism, disagree with
these answers, find any errors, or otherwise want to say something
regarding them, send email to raymond@math.berkeley.edu.
Special thanks go to Prof. Timo Salmi and Keith Petersen for providing
much of the raw material from which Chapter 1 was built. Thanks also
to all the people (too numerous to list) who contributed to this file.
0.2) I have a question that's not in this file. How should I ask it
to increase the chances that I'll get a response?
When asking a question, choose an appropriate subject. The volume of
this newsgroup is so high that articles with subjects like "Help" or
"A question" or "IMPORTANT READ THIS NOW" are likely to be ignored.
Moreover, spend some time proofreading your article. Use your
system's spellchecker to check words whose spellings you are unsure
of. Pretend your article is going to be published around the world.
After all, it is.
You should probably also check that your question hasn't been asked
to death before. Many of the files in my archives address
commonly-asked questions whose answers are too long to list here.
I also keep an index of previously-asked questions in my archives.
Instructions on accessing the archive can be found in Appendix A.
0.3) Somebody just said that a { Mac, Amiga } beats the socks of a PC.
I have my flame thrower ready. Any last words?
Oh, for crying out loud. About twice a year some immature bozo
posts a note like this and the flames don't die out for weeks. If
you consider yourself a mature human being, bite your lip and keep
quiet. Let the nincompoop think he's won. If you absolutely
positively can't keep quiet, flame the sucker by email. But
please, don't make the rest of us have to suffer through it.
While I have your attention, here are a few more subjects that
we're sick of seeing:
FCC to impose surtax on modem usage: This is simply not true.
Consult the file "fcc" in my archives for a letter from
the FCC debunking this rumor.
Make Money Fast: They're all pyramid schemes, and they're illegal,
especially the one from Dave Rhodes.
Dying Boy's Last Wish: He broke the record in 1988, so stop it already.
Besides, the poor child's address keeps changing, ranging from London
to Atlanta.
0.4) Somebody just asked a really simple question. What should I do?
Send him the answer by email. Don't post the answer, since
(trust me) about a dozen people will do it anyway. If you
want, drop me a line so I can add the question to the FAQ archives.
CHAPTER 1: OBTAINING PROGRAMS FROM THE ARCHIVES
1.1) What is anonymous ftp? How do I use it?
Ftp stands for File Transfer Protocol, a standard for transferring
files among various computers. "Anonymous ftp" is a way of making
files publicly available for transfer via ftp. Usually, this is done
by logging in as userid "anonymous" and giving your electronic mail
address as the password. It's only polite to minimize your connect
time, since each machine can service only a small number of ftp users
at a time.
Beyond this rather sketchy description, the details vary from machine
to machine. On many UNIX machines, you can get information by typing
"man ftp". In any case, check with your system administrator for
information peculiar to your site.
Here is what a typical ftp session might look like.
ftp 26.2.0.74 The IP address for the SIMTEL20 archives
anonymous The special userid for anonymous ftp
raymond@math.berkeley.edu My email address is the password
cd pd1:<msdos.gif> Switch to the proper directory
tenex Magic word, see below
get gif_lib.zip Get the Turbo C GIF library (include
source)
quit Clean up and leave
I could have gotten away with typing "ftp wsmr-simtel20.army.mil"
instead of using the IP address.
1.2) How do I use the programs that are posted to comp.binaries.ibm.pc?
Follow the instructions in order to cut and paste the files
in the proper order. The resulting file must then be
(1) "uudecode"d to a binary file,
(2) transferred to your PC.
The order in which the above steps are taken is not important,
although the usual order is as shown above. If your host machine
does not have the uudecode program (e.g., if it is not a UNIX
machine), you will probably have to do the uudecoding on your PC.
Here's a script to perform step 1 on UNIX machines:
#! /bin/sh
sed '/^END/,/^BEGIN/d' $* | uudecode
If you saved the pieces as "part01" "part02" and so on, then you
just type "combine part*" and everything gets decodeded automatically.
1.3) I've uudecoded it, and the file is on my PC. Now what?
Most files have to be unpacked before you can run them. The
appropriate unpacking program to use can be determined by inspecting
the file extension. Some of the more common ones appear in the
table below.
Exten- Program Full name of program package Archive sites that
sion to use and directory on SIMTEL20 use this format
ARC PKUNPAK PD1:<MSDOS.ARC-LBR>PK361.EXE SIMTEL20
ZIP PKUNZIP PD1:<MSDOS.ZIP>PKZ102.EXE grape
ZOO ZOO PD1:<MSDOS.ZOO>ZOO201.EXE comp.binaries.ibm.pc
PAK PAK210 PD1:<MSDOS.ARC-LBR>PAK210.EXE chyde.uwasa.fi
^^^ note: this is *different* from PKPAK.
LZH LHARC PD1:<MSDOS.ARC-LBR>LH113c.EXE chyde.uwasa.fi
Z COMPRESS PD1:<MSDOS.SQ-USQ>COMPRS16.ARC unix archive sites
The proper unpacking program should be available on the system
from which you obtained the packed file. Consult the "read me"
file for that particular archive site for information.
Mike Jones (mrj00496@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu) maintains a comprehensive
list of archive formats, available for anonymous ftp from
ux1.cso.uiuc.edu (128.174.5.59) in the directory doc/pcnet.
[Nastavak sledi]
razno.133dejanr,
[Nastavak prethodne]
1.4) The unpacking program said that the archive was corrupted.
The two most common reasons for this are
(1) failing to use the magic word "tenex" (when connected to
SIMTEL20 and other TOPS20 systems) or "binary" (when
connected to UNIX systems) when transferring the file
from an ftp site to your host machine. The reasons for
this are technical and boring. A synonym for "tenex" is
"type L 8", in case your ftp doesn't know what "tenex" means.
(2) failing to use an eight-bit binary transfer protocol when
transferring the file from the host to your PC. Make sure
to set the transfer type to "binary" on both your host
machine and your PC.
Here is a way to check if you are doing binary transfers correctly.
Compile the following one-line C program: main(){puts("\250\n\250");}
Run it by typing "a.out >binary.fil". Transfer the file
"binary.fil" to your IBM PC, and TYPE it to the screen from the
DOS prompt. If you are doing things correctly, you should see
the following:
?
?
except that the question marks will be upside-down.
1.5) What public archives exist, and what are their IP numbers?
The most famous such is WSMR-SIMTEL20 [26.2.0.74], the White
Sands Missile Range in New Mexico USA.
This is a very busy site, so try connecting at really obscure
times of day. (SIMTEL20 is in the Mountain time zone, 7 hours
behind GMT.)
In the PD1:<MSDOS.FILEDOCS> directory, the file AAAREAD.ME
has details on file directories and descriptions, and SIMIBM.ARC
is an index of the MSDOS archives.
Other popular archives include
Site Intro File Direct questions to
=================== ========== ===================
wuarchive.wustl.edu README archives@wugate.wustl.edu
128.252.135.4 (Washington University, St. Louis, MO USA)
A duplicate of the SIMTEL20 archives is kept in
/mirrors/msdos.
grape.ecs.clarkson.edu 00readme root@grape.ecs.clarkson.edu
128.153.13.196 (Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY USA)
chyde.uwasa.fi 00readme Timo Salmi (ts@chyde.uwasa.fi)
128.214.12.3 (University of Vaasa, Finland)
My email server has the index files for SIMTEL20, grape, and chyde.
A very large list of ftp sites is maintained by odin@pilot.njin.net.
The most recently list can be ftp'd from pilot.njin.net (128.6.7.38).
You can also send the message "send help" to
comp-archives-server@twwells.com (or to comparc@twwells.com
if your mailer doesn't like long userids) to obtain information
on how to obtain information about archive sites.
1.6) I do not have ftp access. Can somebody email me the files?
To obtain a file from SIMTEL20 via email, send mail to an email
server (e.g., listserv@vm1.nodak.edu or listserv@vm.ecs.rpi.edu) with
no subject and containing the single line
/PDGET MAIL PD1:<MSDOS.GRAPHICS>VGAIMG12.ARC UUENCODE
for example. Do not include a signature because it confuses
the server. No more than 100k or 3 files per day will be sent.
For general instructions, send the message "GET PDGET HELP".
BITNET users can also send LISTSERV commands to LISTSERV@NDSUVM1
or LISTSERV@RPIECS to accomplish the same thing.
European users can use EARN TRICKLE servers. Send commands to
TRICKLE@site, where "site" is one of the following:
AWIWUW11 (Austria) DB0FUB11 (Germany) EB0UB011 (Spain)
BANUFS11 (Belgium) DTUZDV1 (Germany) TAUNIVM (Israel)
DKTC11 (Denmark) IMIPOLI (Italy) TREARN (Turkey)
BITNET users can send email to BITFTP@PUCC to perform ftp.
To receive instructions, send email consisting of the single
word HELP to BITFTP@PUCC. Using this service to ftp to SIMTEL20
is discouraged, however.
If you don't even have email, most MSDOS SIMTEL20 files are available
for downloading on the Detroit Download Central network at 313-885-3956.
It is not a free system but the hourly cost is only 17 cents.
It's also accessible on Telenet via PC Pursuit and on Tymnet via
StarLink outdial.
CHAPTER 2: PROGRAMMING
2.1) How do I program the mouse/joystick? What does interrupt X do?
How do I program my EGA/VGA/whatever graphics card?
A comprehensive listing of functions available via interrupt
calls may be FTP'd from CS.CMU.EDU [128.2.222.173] as file
interrup.zip in directory /afs/cs/user/ralf/pub or from
SIMTEL20 as PD1:<MSDOS.INFO>INTER290.ZIP (as of 1 MAy 1990).
This listing is updated four or five times per year.
A list of books on programming the IBM PC can be found in the file
"books" in my archives.
2.2) How do I do direct video access from C? Read/write an arbitrary byte?
The hard-core (hard-code) method is to say
#define screen ((char far*)0xB8000000) /* B800:0000 */
and treat "screen" as if it were an array. A more flexible
approach is to say
char far *screen = (char far*)0xB8000000;
so your program can assign a value to "screen" depending on
whether the program is being run with a color or monochrome card.
(Use 0xB0000000 for monochrome cards.) The file "flickerfree"
in my archives contains tips on doing flicker-free video access.
To read and write arbitrary bytes, you can use essentially
the same method, substituting whatever address you want in
place of 0xB8000000. For those fainter of heart, you can use
the peek() and poke() macros in <dos.h>. A similar trick can
be used for accessing/setting the segment or offset portion
of a far pointer.
Note that this method works only for compilers which store pointers
in segment:offset format (e.g., MSC, TC). Other compilers
(e.g., Lattice) may do things differently. Consult your compiler
manual to be sure.
2.3) How do I reboot my computer via software?
Although some people will suggest using interrupt 19h, that method has
its problems since it doesn't reset lots of things (e.g., the
interrupt vectors). A more effective method is to store the magic
number 0x1234 into 0x40:0x0072 and then perform a long jump to
0xffff:0x0000. The magic number suppresses the memory test.
2.4) What is the difference between extended/expanded memory, and
how can I access it from my C/Pascal program?
Expanded memory is a way of allowing a large quantity of memory all to
share the same memory address. The only way to access it is via
EMS function calls. (See the interrupt list.)
Extended memory is memory that lives above the 1Meg boundary.
You can access it via XMS function calls (see the interrupt list),
or you can switch into protected mode by yourself and access it
directly (risky, since you have to make sure you don't conflict
with any other program that uses extended memory). Much safer
is to use a DOS "extender" program that does this dirty work
for you.
A useful mnemonic is that exPanded memory uses Paging.
Allegedly, Zortech C has compiler support for expanded memory, and the
shareware CXL library (In PD1:<MSDOS.C> on SIMTEL20) provide EMS
handling for MSC and other compilers.
More details can be found in the file "memory" in my archives.
2.5) I get the message "floating point formats not linked" when I
try to run my C program. Why?
This is a painfully well-known bug in Turbo C. Just #include <math.h>
and stick the line "(void)exp(1.0);" at the start of your main() and
that should convince the linker to include the floating point formats.
A patch exists to remedy this bug.
Patches for Turbo C can be obtained from SIMTEL20, or from LIB 5 of
the Borland Forum on CompuServe. There is also a Turbo-C mailing list
on LISTSERV@UCF1VM.BITNET.
(There's also a Zortech-C mailing list on uunet!ztc-list-request.)
CHAPTER 3: SOFTWARE AND VENDORS
3.1) Has anyone had any experience with {company X, product Y}?
Here's a checklist:
[ ] Consult the files "products" and "old.questions" in my archives
to see if somebody else has asked the same question and
to see who responded. Send them email asking them for their
opinions.
[ ] Write a letter to the Better Business Bureau.
[ ] If you're still not satisfied, then post a request. But it
is now your duty to collect the replies and edit them into a
GOOD summary. Concatenating all your responses does not
qualify as a good summary. Depending on the level of
interest you receive, you may wish to post your summary.
In any case, it is now your duty to keep the summary and
offer it (via email) to anyone who asks the same question later.
If someone else posts a request for comments and you are also
interested, do *NOT* post an article saying "Me, too!" For one thing,
people will probably ignore you. Instead, send email to the original
poster requesting that he send you a copy of his summary.
3.2) I'm having trouble with product X. Can anyone help me?
Contact the customer support department of the company who
produced the product. Many companies will have a toll-free
number for that purpose. Use it. After all, you paid for it.
3.3) What is the file format that application X uses? What are the GIF,
TIFF, BGI, OBJ, EXE file formats? How can I write my own BGI driver?
Does anybody have a BGI driver for X?
There are at least two books that cover this information:
File Formats for Popular PC Software - ISBN 0 471-83671-0 $25
More File Formats for Popular PC Software - ISBN 0 471-85077-2 $25
both by Jeff Walden from Wiley Books. Between the two, they cover
Lotus 1-2-3, MultiMate, Symphony, dBASE II & III, IBM Plans+,
Supercalc 3, Multiplan, DIF, ABILITY, Volkswriter, Supercalc 4,
Microsoft Rich Text Format, Framework, Reflex, WordPerfect, and
Superproject.
If you still can't find what you want, you can always contact the
company that produced the application.
GIF, TIFF and BGI file formats are available on SIMTEL20, and the
formats for .OBJ and .EXE files can be found in the MS-DOS Encyclopedia.
On SIMTEL20 is also the Borland BGI toolkit, which can also be obtained
directly from Borland. Many questions and answers about BGI files
are logged in the file "old.questions" in my archives.
3.4) Rumor has it that company X is working on a new version of product Y.
Does anybody have any information about it?
If it hasn't been announced, then the people who could possibly answer
your question are not allowed to tell you.
3.5) I don't like my keyboard's layout. How can I swap the X and Y keys?
Look in SIMTEL20's PD1:<MSDOS.KEYBOARD> directory. You'll find
a whole slew of programs that let you swap keys around.
CHAPTER 4: HARDWARE
4.1) What are the differences between chip X and chip Y?
These are thumbnail sketches. In general, as the chip number
goes up, the speed goes up, so such comments will be omitted.
This list is far from comprehensive.
8086: The original. 16-bit bus, addresses 1Meg.
8088: An 8086 with only an 8-bit bus.
80186: An 8086 with a few more instructions.
80286: An 80186 with protected mode. Can access 16Meg of memory
in protected mode. Segments still limited to 64K.
In real mode, it looks like an 80186.
80386: A slightly buggy version of the...
80386DX: An honest 32-bit CPU. An 80286 with better protected
mode and a "Virtual 8086" mode. Can access 4Gig of memory.
No 64K segment limitation. In real mode, it looks
pretty much like an 80186.
80386SX: Identical to the 80386, except it has only a 16-bit bus.
80486: An 80386 with a built-in floating point unit.
Officially called the i486.
The 80x87 family are floating point units (FPUs) for the 80x86 family.
8087: FPU for 8086 8088 80186
80287: FPU for 80286. Early 80386s can use it, too.
80387: FPU for 80386. Faster than the 80287. Better trig.
80387SX: FPU for 80386SX. Otherwise the same as an 80387.
The NEC Vxx series are CMOS replacements for parts of the 80x86 family.
V30: 8086 replacement, has performance and instructions of
80186, plus a few more instructions, and an 8080
emulation mode. Expect speedups of roughly 15%--30%.
V20: An 8-bit version of the V30. 5%--10% faster than the 8088.
Also, note that many benchmarks exaggerate the relative performance
of the chips since they tend to emphasize intructions which have
been significantly sped up in the newer chips.
4.2) Can I move floppies around freely between 1.2M and 360K drives?
How about formatting a 360K floppy as 1.2M? 720K as 1.44M?
After formatting a 360K disk in a 360K drive, that disk should be
written to ONLY by another 360K drive, although both 360K and 1.2M
drives can read it.
Before formatting a 360K disk in a 1.2M drive, first BULK ERASE the
diskette, then format it and write to it using ONLY a 1.2M drive.
This floppy can be read reliably on a 360K drive. This disk should
be considered READ-ONLY in a 360K drive.
As for formatting floppy disks at densities they weren't designed
for: You might be able to get away with it. But it's not
guaranteed to work. Proceed at your own risk.
4.3) How do I do a low-level reformat of my hard drive?
Depends. Some diagnostics disks have this ability. Compaq Advanced
Diags does, Dell Systems Support disk does. Many controllers can do
it using DEBUG. Wester Digital controllers use G=C800:5, or sometimes
G=CA00:5 or G=CC00:5. PS/2 hard drives can be formatted by booting
the Reference disk and typing Ctrl-A to call up a hidden menu.
4.4) What does interleave mean? What interleave should I use?
If a disk has n:1 interleaving, that means that if you have just read
a sector, then the next higher-numbered sector is n sectors away. For
example, if a track has 11 sectors, then 2:1 interleaving would put
the sectors on a track in the following order 1 7 2 8 3 9 4 10 5 11 6.
The following numbers are rough guides; your actual mileage may vary.
XTs may need 5:1 or higher; ATs typically 3:1; fast ATs and 386s 2:1.
Double buffered controllers allow 1:1 for any processor.
Smaller interleaves are faster, but if you pick an interleave smaller
than your computer can handle, your disk will run pathetically slow.
So if you're going to be wrong, err on the high side. There are
programs on SIMTEL20 that claim to test your interleave factor. The
commercial program SPINRITE claims to calculate the proper interleave
factor and reformat your drive in place (= doesn't destroy the data).
4.5) What do ESDI, SCSI, RLL, MFM mean?
ESDI = Enhanced Small Device Interface.
SCSI = Small Computer Systems Interface.
These are two interface standards which describe how the drive
and the controller communicate.
RLL = Run Length Limited.
MFM = Modified Frequency Modulation.
These are two recording methods which describe how the information
is physically stored on the disk.
4.6) Can I use an RLL controller on my MFM drive?
As is often the case, the answer is "maybe". The likelihood that it
will work is good, but there are some older Seagate ST251s that just
won't. Proceed at your own risk.
4.7) Should I leave my PC turned on all the time? What about
mounting it sideways?
A record of these debates the last time they went around is
kept in my archives; consult the file "24hrs".
CHAPTER 5: MISCELLANEOUS
5.1) How do I undelete a file? Recover from an accidental reformat?
The more famous utilities for undeleting files are Paul Mace's
Utilities, Peter Norton's Utilities, and PC-Tools. They also provide
some way of recovering from reformatting your hard disk, although you
have to have run some special program beforehand. (That is, you have
to know in advance that you might accidentally reformat your hard disk
in the future.)
5.2) Where can I get curses? vi? emacs? How do I remove a TSR from memory?
How do I write my own TSR? Is there a program that does X?
These programs and others are available from SIMTEL20:
PD1:<MSDOS.SCREEN>PCCURS14.ARC Unix-compatible version of Curses screen mgmt
PD1:<MSDOS.EDITOR>STEVIE.ARC Clone of Unix 'vi' text editor
PD1:<MSDOS.EDITOR>VI-19A.ARC Unix-like vi screen text editor for IBM PC
PD1:<MSDOS.SYSUTL>TSRCOM29.ARC TSR memory management utils (MARK/RELEASE)
PD1:<MSDOS.TURBO-C>RESLB201.ARC Function library for Turbo-C to make TSRs
Books on TSR programming are listed in the file "books" in my archives.
A more complete vi comes as part of the MKS Toolkit, available
from Mortice Kern Systems. Send email to inquiry@mks.com.
(This is a commercial product.)
There are several different emacs implementations for the PC. You can
get public versions like MicroEmacs and Freemacs or commercial
programs like Epsilon or Unipress Emacs. The similarity to GNU Emacs
varies. The file "editor" in my archives discusses this, as well
as other popular questions about editors.
In general, if you are looking for a program, look first in the file
PD1:<MSDOS.FILEDOCS>SIMIBM.ARC. This is a directory of all the files
in SIMTEL20's MS-DOS archives.
You can also send requests to my email server to search through the
index for a word or phrase.
5.3) What about GIF images? How do I view a GIF image?
Archives for GIF images come and go (mostly go).
GIF images are kept on wuarchive.wustl.edu (/graphics/gif),
funic.funet.fi (/disk1/pub/misc/gif) and elsewhere. GIF viewers can
be found at those sites, as well as on SIMTEL20 (PD1:<MSDOS.GIF>).
See the file "gif.info" in my archives for more information.
5.4) How do I turn the ECHO off from a batch file?
In DOS 3.3 and higher, you can put the line "@echo off" at the
start of your batch file. For other DOS versions, you'll have
to apply a patch. The file PD1:<MSDOS.BATUTL>ECHOOFF.PAT contains
a list of the patches to apply depending on which version of DOS
you are using.
5.5) How can I set a long path? How can I enlarge my environment?
How do I get/set an environment variable from a C/pascal program?
There are a few ways of setting a long path. One solution is to set
things up so you don't need a long path in the first place. For
example, create a \bat directory with lots of batch files which save
the current path, set the path to something else, run a program, then
reset the path to what it originally was. Or, use the SUBST program
to make drive-letter aliases for long pathnames. If you really want a
big path, fetch the program BIGPATH.ARC or SETPTH13.ARC from SIMTEL20.
The size of the environment is controlled by the "/E" option to
COMMAND.COM. Add the line "SHELL=COMMAND.COM /P /E:xxx" to your
CONFIG.SYS, where xxx is the desired environment size (in either
bytes or paragraphs, depending on your DOS version).
Reading environment variables is easy. Look for a function called
getenv(). Setting environment variables is trickier. If you only
want the variable to be seen in spawned processes, use putenv().
Otherwise, you're going to have to dig into the depths of undocumented
features. It's definitely not easy. Look at the program
PD1:<MSDOS.SYSUTL>SETENVJW.ARC for an example. (There are other
programs on SIMTEL20 that claim to do roughly the same thing as this.)
5.6) How do I install a new version of DOS on my hard drive?
In principle, you should be able to boot off a floppy containing the
new version and type "SYS C:". Then copy COMMAND.COM and all the
other DOS programs (like CHKDSK.COM) to your hard disk.
Unfortunately, this doesn't always work.
Although you could poke around and try to install the new
version manually, it's too complicated to go into. Most people
recommend a procedure similar to the following:
[0] Uninstall any copy-protected software that's on your hard drive.
[1] Back up your hard drive (twice, to be extra sure), making sure to
use a file-by-file backup and not an image backup. Verify your
backup.
[2] Optionally, perform a low-level reformat of the hard disk.
[3] Boot off a floppy containing the new version and install DOS just
like it was a brand new machine.
[4] Restore all the files from your backup and verify the restoration.
[5] If you have a nonstandard SHELL= line in your CONFIG.SYS, make sure
it's set up properly for the new DOS version. (For example, different
versions interpret the /E option differently.)
APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO MORE QUESTIONS and AVAILABILITY OF THIS FILE
The archives I keep mentioning in this document are available
for anonymous ftp (see question 1.1) from math.princeton.edu
in the directory pub/rjc/csip. The files are compressed via
the UNIX "compress" program (see question 1.3). The file "directory"
describes the contents of the directory.
People who cannot ftp can request the files via email. Send
email to rjc@math.princeton.edu with no subject and containing
the single line "help" to receive instructions.
The email server also looks up programs in the SIMTEL20 index,
the grape index, and the chyde index. (So you have no excuse
for not looking in these indexes before posting a request.)
One file in particular you might be interested in is "faq.more"
which contains answers to MORE questions, but which weren't included
here for reasons of space. Its table of contents follows:
1) I found a bug in program X!
2) Why do I get disk full errors when I only have a bunch of tiny files
in my root directory?
3) I found that program X contains the string "Copyright Microsoft", so
it must be a pirated copy of a commercial program, right?
4) Can you summarize the history of the 80x86 family of processors?
5) How about other chips that didn't make on the main faq list?
6) Why do people say that the 80286 is "brain-dead"?
7) How do I determine whether I am running on a monochrome or color
machine?
8) I have written a program that uses the mouse, and when I use
CGA/EGA/VGA it is fine, but the mouse does not appear on
a Hercules card. Why?
9) Why does DOS use the \ instead of a / as a directory name separator?
How can I tell DOS that I want to use slashes instead?
10) What is the SysReq key for?
11) How do I switch my screen into 43 line mode? How can I detect the
number of lines from a program?
12) How do I echo a blank line from a batch file?
13) Why does my PC lose a day if I leave it unattended for more than 24 hours?
14) How can I toggle NumLock/CapsLock/ScrollLock from a batch file or program?
15) I just installed a high density (1.2M) floppy drive, and weird things
are happening. How do I fix it?
16) What is 4DOS? Where can I get it? How can I disable the annoying beeps
that it makes when I run it?
End of file [Cumulative CPU time: 0.33]
[Nastavak sledi]
razno.134dejanr,
[Nastavak prethodne]
[@(#)faq.more 2.3 Last revised on 4/26/90]
More Answers to Frequently-Asked Questions
Here are questions that were not included the Frequently Asked Questions file
because there just plain wasn't room!
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1) I found a bug in program X!
2) Why do I get disk full errors when I only have a bunch of tiny files
in my root directory?
3) I found that program X contains the string "Copyright Microsoft", so it
must be a pirated copy of a commercial program, right?
4) Can you summarize the history of the 80x86 family of processors?
5) How about other chips that didn't make on the main faq list?
6) Why do people say that the 80286 is "brain-dead"?
7) How do I determine whether I am running on a monochrome or color machine?
8) I have written a program that uses the mouse, and when I use CGA/EGA/VGA
it is fine, but the mouse does not appear on a Hercules card. Why?
9) Why does DOS use the \ instead of a / as a directory name separator?
How can I tell DOS that I want to use slashes instead?
10) What is the SysReq key for?
11) How do I switch my screen into 43 line mode? How can I detect the number
of lines from a program?
12) How do I do X in a batch file?
13) Why does my PC lose a day if I leave it unattended for more than 24 hours?
14) How can I toggle NumLock/CapsLock/ScrollLock from a batch file or program?
15) I just installed a high density (1.2M) floppy drive, and weird things
are happening. How do I fix it?
16) What is 4DOS? Where can I get it? How can I disable the annoying beeps
that it makes when I run it?
===============================
1) I found a bug in program X!
Before accusing a company of producing buggy software, make sure you are
following the directions. This holds especially true for compilers, since very
often what you think is a bug in the compiler is really just a misunderstanding
between you and the compiler. Compile your file with all of the warnings
turned on full blast and see if the compiler has anything more to say.
Also make sure that you aren't lying to the compiler. For example, the
Microsoft compiler will miss aliasing problems if you compile with the /Oa
switch. That's because the /Oa switch means "ignore aliasing problems". More
mundane cases of lying to the compiler include using the wrong memory model,
misdeclaring pointers as near or far, or misdeclaring a function.
This is not to say that bugs don't exist in compilers. They do. Just that
what you think is a bug is often a "feature".
===============================
2) Why do I get disk full errors when I only have a bunch of tiny files in
my root directory?
The root directory of a DOS disk can only hold a limited number of files.
Subdirectories can grow to accommodate any number of files, so put your files
into a subdirectory.
===============================
3) I found that program X contains the string "Copyright Microsoft", so
it must be a pirated copy of a commercial program, right?
Not necessarily. Most compilers will automatically include a copyright notice
for the runtime library routines in a compiled program. The notice just shows
that program X was compiled with a Microsoft compiler. They permit such
programs to be distributed freely.
===============================
4) Can you summarize the history of the 80x86 family of processors?
The following is courtesy of Stephen Dunn (cs4g6ag@maccs.dcss.mcmaster.ca)
Let's consider the development of the 8086 family of processors in the form of
a history ... we'll get to the math coprocessors (8087 series) later.
The first processor in the family was the 8086, followed a year later by the
8088. Internally, they are nearly identical; they are 16-bit processors. The
only difference we need to be concerned about is the external data bus
interface. The 8086 uses a 16-bit wide data bus, while the 8088 uses an 8-bit
wide data bus. This means that for 16-bit transfers, the 8088 must do two
while the 8086 only needs to do one, so the 8088 is slower than the 8086. Why
did Intel do this? At the time (late 1970s), there were virtually no 16-bit
machines around, so all of the memory and peripheral subsystems were designed
for 8-bit machines. The 8088 was supposed to give the power of a 16-bit CPU
but allow the currently existing peripherals to be used.
The next two chips were the 80186 and 80188. These chips introduced a few new
instructions, but nothing too radically different. The big difference between
these and the 8086 and 8088 is that the 8018x chips included a lot of the
supporting chips that you needed to add for the 8086 and 8088 (for example, the
clock generator was a separate chip for the 808x but was built into the 8018x).
The 8018x chips haven't been used in too many PC-compatible designs.
Then came the 80286. The 80286 has two modes. One, called real mode, is an
8086 emulation. This is the mode that the 80286 in an AT-class machine runs in
when running DOS and most other applications. It has all of the limitations of
the 8086, and in particular the restriction of memory to 1 M. In its other
mode, called protected mode, it can access up to 16M of memory and it also
provides hardware support for multi-tasking operating systems by making the
task-switching easier and by protecting memory owned by one task from being
corrupted by another task. The 80286 is still a 16-bit processor, though.
The next chip was the 80386, now called the 80386DX. This is a full 32-bit
chip, complete with a 32-bit external data bus. It has the same two modes that
the 80286 has, plus two more: an 80386 protected mode, and a virtual 8086 mode.
In 80386 protected mode, you can access even more physical memory than the
80286 allowed, and also the CPU provides hardware support for virtual memory
(basically, this involves a logical memory size larger than the physical
memory, with pages swapped between main memory and a hard disk as needed). The
virtual 8086 mode provides what appears to be real mode (i.e. the processor
appears to be an 8086), except that the 80386 can have many virtual 8086
programs running and treat them as tasks in a multitasking operating system,
with each task enjoying the full memory protection granted to other 80386
protected-mode tasks.
Intel then pulled out an old trick - they came up with the 80386SX, which is to
the DX as the 8088 is to the 8086. Internally, the SX and the DX are
identical. Externally, the SX has only a 16-bit wide data bus. This means
that the two chips run the same software, just like the 8086 and 8088 run the
same software. Once again, though, there is a performance penalty to the
narrower data bus (how much of a penalty depends on the particular instruction
mix used by a typical task).
I'll discuss the 80486 after the section on math coprocessors, for reasons
which will become clear then. In the meantime, an interesting aside at the
8086-80186 level: NEC designed two chips, called the V20 and V30, which are
plug-in replacements for the 8088 and 8086, respectively, but which operate a
fair bit faster and include a few more instructions (they have the 80186
instruction set with a few NEC-specific additions). The speed-up was
accomplished by redesigning the whole internal design of the CPU, and is
typically between 15 and 25 percent, although again it depends on what
instructions your programs use.
Now, for some information on math coprocessors. The 8086 family of CPUs handle
integers just fine, but they have no built-in support for real numbers. A
program that uses real numbers must provide its own subroutines to perform even
such simple tasks as adding two real numbers together, and these operate quite
slowly. So Intel designed the 8087, which will work with the 8086 or the 8088.
It is designed specifically to manipulate real numbers, although it can also
handle integers. It has its own instruction set, so a program has to include
special 8087 instructions in order to use it. This is worth doing for many
numerically-intensive programs, however, since the 8087 manipulates real
numbers many times faster than the software solution on an 8086 or 8088 does.
When the 80286 came out, the 8087 couldn't be used with it for a few reasons,
notably that the 8087 knew nothing about the 80286's protected mode and would
be useless in that mode. So the 80287 was designed. It is upward-compatible
with the 8087, and works in both of the 80286's modes. It also performs quite
a bit faster than the 8087.
The release of the 80386 was also accompanied by a new coprocessor, the 80387.
Once again, it is a faster chip than the 80287, and it also adds a few new
instructions. The introduction of the 80386SX was accompanied by the 80387SX;
again, it's internally the same as the 80387, but it has a 16-bit external data
path.
Now it's time to discuss the 80486. The 80486, from a programmer's point of
view, is basically an 80386 and an 80387 glued together, which is why I've left
it until after discussing the math coprocessors. The 80486 also includes an 8K
memory cache (many 80386 systems have 32k-128k of memory cache, but it has to
be implemented separately; the 80486 has this built into the chip itself), and
the whole processor has been redesigned so that it executes instructions
significantly faster than the 80386. You guessed it - how much faster depends
on which instructions you use.
There is a competing series of math coprocessors called the Weitek family.
They aren't compatible with the 8087 family, so you may ask why anyone would
want one. Well, the answer is that they're faster, so if your software knows
how to use one, it will run faster than it would with a member of the 8087
family. They're not terribly common, but they are worth mentioning for the
sake of completeness.
So that's a historical overview of the 8086 family and its related family of
math coprocessors. I hope it's been of some use to you.
===============================
5) How about other chips that didn't make on the main faq list?
V50: 80186 replacement.
V53: A slightly faster V50.
V40: 80188 replacement.
V33: A slightly faster V30.
V23: Sorry, there is no such thing
===============================
6) Why do people say that the 80286 is "brain-dead"?
The origin of the use of the term "brain-dead" in reference to the 80286 has by
now faded into mythology, although PC Magazine claims to have originated it.
The main reason for the "brain-dead" moniker is that there is no way of
switching from protected mode into real mode, short of resetting the processor.
This procedure is decidedly kludgy and takes several milliseconds (which is an
eternity when you're a processor).
The return to real mode goes like this:
Remember what you want to do after returning to real mode.
Set a flag that says "Hey, I'm returning from protected mode."
Send a signal to the keyboard chip asking it to reset the processor.
Halt the processor.
[time passes]
Keyboard chip resets the processor.
Processor wakes up and starts to do its power-on self-test.
Processor notices the "Hey, I'm returning from protected mode" flag
you set back in step 2, and restores the context from the stuff
you saved in step 1.
PC Magazine has called this "Bonking the processor on its head, then while it's
waking up, tell it ``No wait! It was all a bad dream!''". Gordon Letwin has
called it "Stopping the car in order to change gears."
The entire convoluted dance has to be done because of a design flaw in the 286
chip. Intel didn't forsee that anyone would want to return to real mode from
protected mode. After all, once you were running in the clearly superior
protected mode, why on earth would you ever want to switch back to grungy real
mode? (The chip was designed before the IBM PC really picked up steam, so
Intel could be excused for not realizing that this would be a useful feature.)
===============================
7) How do I determine whether I am running on a monochrome or color machine?
Check the mode byte at location (char far*)0x449. If it is a 7, then the
display base address is at (char far*)0xB0000000 (monochrome display),
otherwise to be completely accurate with the IBM specification, which will
allow operation with FANSI-CONSOLE and NNANSI.SYS you need to calculate the
address from location CRT_START in the BIOS:
(char far*)(0xB8000000 + *(short far*(0x44e)))
===============================
8) I have written a program that uses the mouse, and when I use CGA/EGA/VGA
it is fine, but the mouse does not appear on a Hercules card. Why?
You need to do the following before making the mouse visible (do this
the first time only). The *byte* at location 0x40:0x49 must be set to 6.
===============================
9) Why does DOS use the \ instead of a / as a directory name separator?
How can I tell DOS that I want to use slashes instead?
As is usually the case with annoying details, the reason is rooted in history.
DOS 1.0 was based largely on CP/M-86, a version of CP/M for the 8086 processor.
As always, compatibility was a major factor, so it was decided to make DOS look
as much like CP/M as possible, down to the internal details. Computer
taxonomists will notice the vestigial remains of CP/M in the int 21h vector's
lower-numbered function calls, as well as in nearly three-quarters of the PSP.
By retaining this compatibility, programs originally written for CP/M systems
could be converted to DOS 1.0 almost automatically. This is a very important
feature for a fledgeling operating system.
One feature of CP/M is that command options are passed by slashes. So, of
course, DOS 1.0 used the same method.
Then DOS 2.0 came along. The main addition in DOS 2.0 was subdirectories and
Xenix-style file handle calls. At this point, there was a dilemma since the
slash character (which was the first choice as a directory name separator)
already had meaning attached to it. There were two solutions, neither of which
was particularly pleasant.
[1] Switch over to the UNIX style of separating directory names and specifying
command options. This would have invalidated nearly all the programs
written for DOS up to this point.
[2] Use the backslash to separate directory names, making life difficult for
UNIX hackers, but allowing all the DOS 1.0 programs to run without
modification.
Since compatibility is more important, they went for the latter option.
Now, if you're a UNIX hacker and want to use slashes as directory name
separators, you could try setting the "Switch character". The ability to set
the "switch character" appeared in DOS 2.x although it was not documented. It
sets a flag that says, essentially, "Use UNIX-style command options, thereby
allowing the / character to be used in directory names". Unfortunately, most
programs ignore the flag and insist on using CP/M-style command options (i.e.,
use slash). But you can still give it a shot and see if your favorite program
respects the current setting of the "switch character". Look for the program
PD1:<MSDOS.SYSUTL>SWITCHAR.ARC.
Note that all this switchar nonsense affects only the command line. The DOS
file system calls have always accepted EITHER \ or / as a directory name
separator; it's just a matter of how various programs interpret a / and \ on
the command line.
===============================
10) What is the SysReq key for?
The SysReq key was designed for use in multitasking environments in order to
call up a supervisor menu or to switch tasks or similar meta-process tasks.
For reasons not worth discussing, this was not realized in many multitasking
systems, DESQview being a notable exception.
===============================
11) How do I switch my EGA into 43 line mode? How can I detect the number
of lines from a program?
From the DOS command line (3.x or 4.x) try
MODE CON LINES=43 COLUMNS=80
In a program, use the following code, courtesy of Kevin D. Quitt
(kdq@demott.COM)
#include <bios.h> /* For definition of union REGS */
/* Set 25 line mode. Rock solid stuff */
void set_25_lines()
{
union REGS regs;
regs.x.ax = 0x0003; /* 80 by 25 color */
int86( 0x10, ®s, ®s );
}
/* Set 43 line mode. This is a little bit magic. */
void set_43_lines()
{
union REGS regs;
set_25_lines(); /* Stewardship */
regs.x.ax = 0x0300; /* Ask about the cursor */
regs.h.bh = 0;
int86( 0x10, ®s, ®s );
regs.x.ax = 0x1112; /* Load ROM 8x8 double-dot font
*/
regs.h.bl = 0; /* Page zero */
int86( 0x10, ®s, ®s );
}
To determine the number of lines on the screen, check memory location
0x0040:0x0084. It contains one less than the number of lines. This is true
only for EGA and VGA systems, however.
Another approach (due to Paul Vojta) is first to determine the current video
mode (int 10h subfunction 0fh); if it is 7, then there are 25 lines.
Otherwise, set DL = 24, then call int 10h with AX=1130h and BH=0; the DL
register will contain one less than the number of lines. Paul was kind enough
to supply the following C code:
#include <bios.h> /* For definition of union REGS */
/* Set global variables rows and cols */
void get_screen_size()
{
union REGS regs;
regs.h.ah = 15; /* get video mode */
int86(0x10, ®s, ®s);
cols = regs.h.ah;
regs.h.dl = 24; /* rows - 1 if CGA or MDA */
if (regs.h.al != 7) { /* if not MDA */
regs.x.ax = 0x1130;
regs.h.bh = 0;
int86(0x10, ®s, ®s); /* does nothing if CGA */
}
rows = regs.h.dl + 1;
}
DISCLAIMER: I do not have an EGA or VGA, so I can't test this code.
Verbum sat sapienti est.
===============================
12) How do I do X in a batch file?
If X = echo a blank line, you can try one of these:
echo<space><space>
echo<space><ALT-255>
echo.
Depending on which version of DOS you are using, some of these might or
might not work.
If X = change the status of the NumLock or CapsLock or ScrollLock keys,
look on SIMTEL20 in the KEYBOARD directory. Sending a query of
lookup /num/i&&/lock/i
(for example) to my server will give you a half dozen or so programs that
do what you want.
For other values of X, look in the BATUTL directory on SIMTEL20. Odds
are that there is a program that does what you want.
===============================
13) Why does my PC lose a day if I leave it unattended for more than 24 hours?
When the time passes midnight, a flag is set that says "Hey, it's a new day!".
DOS's left hand notices that the flag has been set and says "Hey, it's a new
day! I'd better update the date." But then DOS's right hand says "Wait, not
yet, I'm busy processing a DOS request. It would be bad to change the date in
the middle of a DOS request."
This is true. It *is* bad to change the date in the middle of a DOS request.
For example, if the request was "update the file time/date stamp", then you
might get the time as 12 midnight, but the day as yesterday instead of today,
because the date changed after the time got updated, but before the date got
updated. So it is a good idea to prevent the date from changing in the middle
of a DOS request.
The problem is, the DOS request that DOS is in the middle of is ... the request
for a keypress!
So DOS's left hand is busy waiting for the right hand to say "Okay, I'm
finished, you can go update the date now." Now the problem is that if TWO
midnights pass, the flag gets set twice, but a flag that is set twice looks the
same as a flag that is set once. (No matter how many times you execute the
line "x = 1", x is still 1, not 2.) On Monday morning, somebody finally hits a
hey, and DOS's right hand says "Okay, I'm done", and now DOS's left hand
increments the date by one (not two), and Bingo, instant date slippage.
The real fault lies in the BIOS, since that's the guy who has the "x=1" line.
It really should be a line like "x = x + 1" so that if it gets hit more than
once, we have a record of how many days we should increment the date by.
The following program on SIMTEL20 might or might help:
Directory PD1:<MSDOS.SYSUTL>
DATEROLL.FIX A 11062 880917 How to fix the DOS date roll-over problem
===============================
15) I just installed a high density (1.2M) 5.25" floppy drive, and weird things
are happening. How do I fix it?
If your other disk drive is a low density (360K) 5.25" floppy drive,
or if it is a 3.5" floppy drive, here is an explanation of what is going on:
The high-density (1.2 Mbyte) 5-1/4" diskette drives use pin 34 differently than
the other drives do; it indicates that the diskette has been removed and
another inserted ("Disk Change"). The other drives use it to signal that the
drive is ready (a diskette is inserted and the lock-lever is closed). This
difference causes a conflict which results in error messages like "device not
ready" or "critical device error". You could even end up with corrupted data
on your disks. The fix is to prevent PIN 34 on the low-density (360 kbyte)
5-1/4" diskette drive or on the 3-1/2" diskette drive from connecting to the
controller cable. Some drives have a jumper (or a soldered-in wire) you can
remove to do this. If not, remove the 34-pin edge-card connector from the
low-density drive, cut a small strip (appx. 1/8" wide, 1 inch long) of adhesive
tape and place it over the edge-card connector so as to insulate connector 34
from making contact when the connector is replaced.
WARNING: You can damage your computer if you don't do this just right. If you
are at all queasy about mucking around the insides of your computer, by all
means find somebody who will do it for you.
===============================
16) What is 4DOS?
4DOS is a replacement shell (i.e. replaces COMMAND.COM). It does the
same thing that COMMAND.COM does, just better. It has command line
completion, command line history, filename completion, and much more.
Where can I get it?
Among other places, it can be found as 4DOS30.ZIP
in SIMTEL20's PD1:<MSDOS.SYSUTL> directory.
How can I disable the annoying beeps that it makes when I run it?
Register the program. The beeps are there to remind you that you haven't
registered it yet.
razno.135jgolub,
-> #131, sasaZdravo Sasa!
Ovaj driver dobio sam uz maticnu plocu 286 G2.
Mislim da bi ti trebao odgovarati. Unutra se nalaze svi fajlovi
koji se nalaze i na disketi (ukupno dva).
Nadam se da sam ti pomogao.
Pozdrav, Jgolub.
driver.ziprazno.136bjankovic,
-> #131, sasaU zip-u G2-GC103.ZIP je EMS LIM 4.0 drajver za G2 ploče sa
GC103 chip setom.
g2-gc103.ziprazno.137terza,
Jedno pitanje:
Da li je moguce pomocu skenera prebaciti semu u ACAD
i dalje je obradjivati.
Da li se moze koristiti rucni skener i koji program
se koristi za konverziju.
Terza
razno.138bojt,
-> #137, terza>> Jedno pitanje:
>> Da li je moguce pomocu skenera prebaciti semu u ACAD
>> i dalje je obradjivati.
Eh, kad to bude moglo... To je generalno veći problem nego kod
OCR-a. Po meni, teško da će tako nešto ikad biti napravljeno...
razno.140dveselinovic,
Doneo sam sa sobom i dve nove prijave za Udruženje iz Sarajeva,
Vladimir Videnović i Arif Agović.
Obojici se ideja toliko svidela da se Vlada javio da sa svojom
grupom "PC Pool" pomogne u lokalnom miljeu.
Vlado, šta kažeš?
32XDVV
razno.141dveselinovic,
Kolega programer iz Sarajeva, Arif Agović, je napravio program za
konfigurisanje računara po delovima i cenama. Zove se CONFIGURATOR.
Praktično nema granice unosa, a izbor delova se odmah pretvara u
cene. Košta 200 dinara za pojedince i 500 dinara za firme.
Ja sebi kupio jednu kopiju, jako mi se sviđa. Za dalje
informacije, pitajte me jer sam ga odmah napunio.
32XDVV (dveselinovic za poštu)
razno.142vkostic,
-> #140, dveselinovic
>> Vlado, šta kažeš?
Koji Vlada? Jel ja?
Ja kazem da se ti lepo u FAST 32-BIT TURBO modu rastrcis i
rezervises salu kako bi mogli da organizujemo prvi sastanak
"udruzenja".
Takodje kazem da na tom sastanku imenujemo blagajnika i od svakog
prisutnog dignemo jedno 1000 din. Tako cemo u startu eliminisati
sve koji ne misle ozbiljno, a imacemo i love za logotip,
memorandume, itd.
Pozdrav, V.K.
razno.143dveselinovic,
-> #142, vkostic Važi. U ponedeljak ću razgovarati sa zaduženim momcima oko sale i
da vidim šta je još gotovo i urađeno. Od pravnika ćemo dobiti
potrebne informacije oko procedura, izbora, itd. Čim stupim u vezu sa
njima u ponedeljak, javljam ti se da se operacionalizujemo.
32XDVV
razno.144dveselinovic,
Još jedno obaveštenje u vezi Udruženja: u Sarajevu sam naleteo na
veliku, ali V E L I K U, zainteresovanost za to u onom drugom,
komercijalnom smislu. Ima jedna firma koja bi rado iskoristila
Udruženje u komercijalnom smislu, u stilu imamo problem, imamo pare
(!), rešite nam ga. Firma se inače bavi informacionim tehnologijama
(!!!!).
Nije loša, a?
32XDVV
razno.145mnikolic,
-> #142, vkostic> Takodje kazem da na tom sastanku imenujemo blagajnika i od svakog
> prisutnog dignemo jedno 1000 din. Tako cemo u startu eliminisati
> sve koji ne misle ozbiljno, a imacemo i love za logotip,
> memorandume, itd.
Predlog je o.k. ali sto se mene licno tice, kao student,
bez stalnih prihoda nemam sansi da odjednom izdvojim toliku
sumu.
P, m.
razno.146dveselinovic,
-> #145, mnikolic Da, to jeste problem, ali mislim da bi se lako mogao rešiti
podelom pristupnice, bar u ovom prvom krugu, na recimo dve ili tri
rate. Ima tu malo i zakona, pa bi obavezno trebalo da se porazgovara
sa advokatima, ali mislim da ne bi smelo da bude većih problema.
32XDVV
razno.147vkrstonosic,
-> #146, dveselinovic
Sto se tice placanja, treba videti koliki ce otprilike biti troskovi,
pa prema tome odrediti. Znaci, koliko je para potrebno sada odmah, koliko
ce trebati kroz mesec, dva, jer nece sve ici odjednom.
razno.148kale,
-> #147, vkrstonosic
>> Sto se tice placanja, treba videti koliki ce otprilike biti
>> troskovi, pa prema tome odrediti. Znaci, koliko je para potrebno
>> sada odmah, koliko ce trebati kroz mesec, dva, jer nece sve ici
>> odjednom.
Slažem se sa ovim. Verovatno će većina prijavljenih da da ceo
iznos odmah. Ne bi bilo lepo maltretirati ljude kojima je 1000 dinara
odjednom mnogo, ali ni pametno da se to oteže u nedogled. Uostalom, radi
se o *profesionalnom* udruženju, a ne o dobrotvornoj ustanovi. Zahtev da
se odmah uplati neka suma će nas osloboditi radoznalaca i zaje....ta.
Takođe, početni troškovi će biti najveći. Predlažem da najsporiji
mogući ritam uplate bude 400 odmah i po 300 u sledeća dva meseca.
Uplaćeni deo da se ne vraća u slučaju odustajanja.
Još jednom: udruženje osnivamo da bi lakše i više para
zarađivali. Za to se mora nešto i uložiti i rizikovati. No risk - no
profit! Profesionalno udruženje nije klub programera.
Pozdrav, Kale
PS. Ja ću odmah uplatiti ceo iznos.
razno.149dejanr,
-> #148, kale>> Uostalom, radi se o *profesionalnom* udruženju, a ne o
>> dobrotvornoj ustanovi.
Potpuno se slažem! Radi se (kako lepo reče VK gospodinu Urošu
Davidoviću ;) o udruženju onih koji ZARAĐUJU programirajući
premda svakako treba predvideti i neki status za "podmladak".
U tom smislu članarina sasvim lepo može da bude i (jedan od)
eliminacionih kriterijuma pa se ne bih bunio da bude i viša
od pomenutih cifara.
Pozdrav,
Dejan
razno.150dveselinovic,
-> #149, dejanr Više? Može, evo neka bude 2.000 dinara. Može i 3.000 što se mene
tiče.
32XDVV
razno.151vkostic,
-> #144, dveselinovic
>> Ima jedna firma koja bi rado iskoristila Udruženje u
>> komercijalnom smislu, u stilu imamo problem, imamo pare
>> (!), rešite nam ga. Firma se inače bavi informacionim
>> tehnologijama (!!!!).
Da, ja mislim da ce udruzenje uglavnom poslovati bas na tom principu.
Jer, sta mi mozemo da ponudimo od gotovih progrma? Dva-tri paketa za
knjigovodstvo, dva-tri vrlo specijalizovana programa, i to je sve.
Ali zato ima JAKO PUNO problema koji samo cekaju da budu reseni.
Udruzenje bi trebalo da trazi takve probleme i da svojim clanovima
nudi posao da to rese.
Pozdrav, V.K.
razno.152dpozaric,
Mozda ispadnem totalno neinformiran, no svejedno:
zanimaju me konkretnije stvari oko udruzenja (ciljevi, metode
djelovanja, principi udruzivanja, potreban odnosno pozeljan profil
clanstva itd.) odnosno da me se uputi na neki eventualni bilten,
tekst ili poruku koja govori o tome. Imam na disketama svu postu
unatrag godinu dana no izgleda da sam to negdje propustio.
Naravno da ne zelim da to netko radi umjesto mene, nego da se javi
netko tko zna datum po kojem otprilike da trazim
Pozdrav,
Drazen.
razno.153zpavlovic,
-> #152, dpozaricPrepostavljam da bi trebao procitati poruku uz 23.2 gde se nalzi statut
udruzenja i da ce za pocetak to biti dovoljno. Pozdrav Zoran
razno.154sgoran,
Izuzetno sam zainteresovan za pokretanje ovakvog udruzenja
posto se vec dve godine privatno bavim prodajom svog rada te sam
dao i otkaz u firmi pre osam meseci. Trenutno imam veoma prima-
mljive ponude koje sam nisam smeo prihvatiti, kako zbog ograni-
cenog znanja tako i zbog ogranicenih vremenskih mogucnosti. Kako
ovakvo udruzenje otvara vece mogucnosti, potrebno je hitro rea-
govati kako bih znao da dam odgovore na ponude. Napominjem da
jedna od ponuda prevazilazi granice Jugoslavije.
Sa nestrpljenjem ocekujem prvi sastanak, jer po mom skromnom
iskustvu posla ima i previse.
Pozdrav SGoran.
razno.155godza,
-> #137, terzaSliku skenuiras i najbolje da je snimis u pcx formatu
udjes u corel trace i uradis trece tog crteza
zatim kresnes corel drow i uvezes taj crtez koji se zove recimo
crtez.eps, zatim iz corel exportujes u dxf format, ( to je autocad-ov
format i kada pokrenes autocad kazes dxfin i importujes crtez
jednostavno ?
ili skeniras, pa pokrenes adobe streamline i uradis trace, zatim
pokrenes adobe convert(ili tako nesto , dobija se uz adobe ilustrator)
i izvrsis konverziju u dfx)
to je na pc-u tako
ili uradis scan, pa ga sa adobe stream line snimis u kao crtez.epsf pa
zatim pokrenes acad i kazes import crtez.epsf
jos lakse ???
za Jabuku
ciao
razno.156zormi,
Onima koji vole da se igraju saljem program za usporavanje
AT i 386 racunara. Ovo je najnovija verzija koja koristi timer
visoke rezolucije AT-a (INT 70h).
razno.157bojt,
Da li neko zna za neki program koji radi sa notnim sistemima i tako
to...?
razno.158godza,
-> #157, bojtda zove se Music Composer
Cudnog li naziva
razno.159dveselinovic,
-> #157, bojt Prodavao je neki čovek iz Novog Sada takav program; za detalje se
obrati Saši Tapavičkom (sasa).
32XDVV
razno.160zormi,
Evo jos jednog zgodnog programcica (mozda moze i u
IBM PC direktorijum). TSR programcic od 10 kB u zadato
vreme (ili kontinualno sa nekim intervalom) "otkuca"
zadate naredbe kao da su unete sa tastature.
razno.161bradenkovic,
-> #157, bojtPostovani kolega,
postoji jedan lep program za pisanje nota, ime mu neznam (zaboravio
sam), autor je Jovan Puzovic asistent na PMF inace moj dobar
prijatelj. Program je izvanredan, imao sam prilike da se uverim
damoze da zavrsi sve poslove vezane za pisanje i izdavanje nota.
Ukoliko zelis da uspostavis kontakt, pozovi 180-111/805 i trazzi Jocu
Puzovica.
Pozdrav
Boza.
razno.162miha,
-> #157, bojt Nisam siguran, ali mislim da je Notegraph za štampanje nota. Inače, ako treba
tebi, imam ja ponešto ali ne za PC ;)
pozdrav, Miha
razno.163dejanr,
-> #161, bradenkovic>> Program je izvanredan, imao sam prilike da se uverim
>> damoze da zavrsi sve poslove vezane za pisanje i izdavanje nota.
Bojim se (prema onome što je ranije bilo) da taj program ima jednu
VELIKU manu koja ga čini neupotrebljivom - ne prodaje se :)
Naravno, možda su se u međuvremenu stvari promenile...
Pozdrav,
Dejan
razno.164vkostic,
-> #160, zormi
AT-SLOW3.ZIP i TIMERUN3.ZIP su u IBMPC direktorijumu.
Hvala na programima.
Pozdrav, V.K. - Moderator.
razno.165dveselinovic,
Molim sve zainteresovane za Udruženje da se sutra, u sredu 05.12
okupe u 17 časova u Ho Ši Minovoj 27, na prvom spratu, kako bismo
održali konstitutivni sastanak. Ne bi trebalo da traje duže od sat,
sat i po vremena.
32XDVV
razno.166vkostic,
-> #165, dveselinovic
Culi ste poziv. Svi koji imaju ozbiljne namere da ucestvuju u
osnivanju udruzenja neka se pojave!
V.K.
razno.168vkostic,
Posto je za danas zakazan sastanak udruzenja, da odgovorim na neka
pitanja koja mi postavljaju u chat-u:
Udruzenje osnivaju PROFESIONALNI programeri koji zaradjuju novac
od svog posla. To je dakle PROFESIONALNO udruzenje koje NIJE isto
isto sto i klub i NE osniva se radi druzenja i zezanja.
Dakle, na danasnji osnivacki sastanak nisu pozvani srednjoskolci,
studenti koji zive od dzeparca ili radoznalci. Pozvani su samo oni
koji misle da se *ozbiljno* ukljuce u rad udruzenja.
Da, ponovim jos jednom: Sastanak danas (sreda 05.12.) na prvom
sprtu, Ho Ši Minovoj 27, Novi Beograd, u 17 casova.
V.K.
razno.169vkostic,
Juce je bio prvi sastanak udruzenje. Suvise sam umoran da bi sada
podneo izvestaj, ali stize uskoro od mene ili DVV-a.
Ukratko, stvar je krenula. Za jedno 20 dana treba ocekivati da ce
udruzenje biti zvanicno registrovano.
V.K.
razno.170bora,
Sa SEZAM-a sam skinuo AT-SLOW i probao na četiri računara. Jedan 386
i tri 286. Memorija je na 386 i na dva 286 (uključujući i moj
(olivetti M290, 2Mb RAM, Ms-Dos 4.01) je posle učitavanja AT-SLOW
komande ostajala u haosu.
Za sada nisam nikakve probleme imao sa komandom SLOWER koju šaljem uz
ovu poruku.
Bora
slower.ziprazno.171bora,
U vezi prethodne poruke 24.124 evo još tri korisne komande:
komande su vezane uz poruku kao "util.zip"
ENTERKEY - Pretvara "+" na malim tastaturama u ENTER za
rad uz numeričku tastaturu
CHMOD - Promena moda arhive (otkucaj samo "chmod")
AUTOPARK - Za one koji često premeštaju računar
otkucaj "autopark /?")
Pozdrav Bora
util.ziprazno.172vkostic,
-> #171, bora
Hvala na prilozima, pogledacu te programe, pa ako nesto valja,
premesticu u IBMPC direktoriju. Koliko vidim iz opisa koje se poslao,
ENTERKEY, a norocito AUTOPARK nisu programi vredni da se nadju u
IBMPC. Jedino CHMOD i SLOWER ako nesto valjaju.
V.K.
razno.173vkostic,
U sredu je odrzan prvi sastanak udruzenja programera. Ovo je izvestaj
sa tog sastanka:
Skupilo se oko petnestak osnivaca. Dogovoreno je da se broj osnivaca
prosiri na oko 30 i to isklucivo poznatim imenima iz cele zemlje.
Prostorije za udruzenje su obezbedene, nalaze se na Novom Beogradu, Ho
Si Minova 27, a reseni su i problemi oko registracije. Ocekuje se da
za dvadesetak dana udruzenje bude registrovano.
Statut udruzenje, ciju ste prvu verziju vec imali prilike da
procitate, sastavio je DVV. Statut u svom zavrsnom obliku bi trebao da
bude gotov za par dana.
Najvise diskusije se vodilo oko prijema clanova u udruzenje.
Dogovoreno je da se clanstvo podeli na dve kategorije - punopravne
clanove i "podmladak". Punopravni clanovi bi se primali komisijski i
morali bi da zadovolje odredjen broj uslova predvidjenih statutom - u
svakom slucaju to bi morali da budu iskusni i afirmisani programeri.
Dogovoreno je da udruzenje bude jedna strogo profesionalna
organizacija ciji su ciljevi zastita clanova i prodaja njihovog
intelektualnog rada. Bilo je dosta diskusije sta bi to moglo da prodje
pod "intelektualnim radom". Dali samo programi ili recimo fontovi za
Venturu. Neki opsti stav je bio da bi udruzenje trebalo da prodaje i
jedno i drugo, ali da ipak ne upadne u zamku da pocne da trguje svim i
svacim.
Jos jedan sastanak bi trebalo da se odrzi najkasnije za nedelju dana
na kojem bi svi osnivaci potpisali statut.
V.K.
razno.174vkostic,
Hitno mi treba neka novija verzija programa SOURCER. Imam verziju
V1.72 i problem sto nece da disasemblira program duzine 300K.
Unapred hvala.
V.K.
razno.175vkostic,
Da ne bude zabune u vezi dve prethodne poruke (kao sto je vec bilo):
MATRIX LAY OUT, PRO C, i CLARION DEVELOPMENT mi ne trebaju da ih
piratujem. Zanimaju me samo necija iskustva sa tim programima.
Sto se tice novije verzije SOURCER-a, to... :)
V.K.
razno.176vkostic,
-> #175, vkostic
Jao! Omakao mi se smile u prethodnoj poruci! :((((((((((((((((((
razno.177bora,
Ako neko radi sa programskim paketima─:
PCAT ili
CAM
potreban je jednom mom prijatelju. Ostaviti privatnu poruku
na SEZAM-u za "bora"
Pozdrav Bora
razno.179agobovic,
Problem: radim jedan projekat u OrCad-u sa nekoliko stotina
logickih kapija (gejtova). Vrlo mi je tesko da svaki pin povezem sa
odgovarajucim, pa ostavljam na pojedinim izlazima karakteristicne
oznake; npr. "bus23", a na drugom kraju seme, gde se koristi taj isti
signal kao ulaz, oznacim ulazni pin takodje sa "bus23". Sema tako
postaje znatno citljivija i manje zamrsena za coveka, ali mi je
neophodna i net lista. Koliko ja znam, OrCad *zahteva* da sve veze
budu spojene na semi i ne dozvoljava "implicitne" veze kakve sam ja,
radi citljivosti, zamislio. Ima li sanse da nateram OrCad da mi
generise net listu sa ovakvom semom? Ako ima, pomagajte jer me u
suprotnom ceka ogroman i jako mucan posao rucnog generisanja net
liste sa ko_zna_koliko zica i spojeva!
unapred zahvalan, AG
razno.180maleksic,
-> #179, agobovicOrCAD dozvoljava "povezivanje" pomocu labela. Jedino sto mora da se
pazi jeste da ime labele pocne pre kraja wire-linije (labele se
mogu stavljati i uspravno ako ti zatreba...). Obicno se najvise
gresi kad se ime labele nagura pored samog pina na integralcu - izvod
integrisanog kola (onaj sa desne strane npr.) nije "pogodno mesto"
za zapocinjanje labele - treba dodati malo zice (wire) pa tek tu
smestiti labelu. Ne bi trebalo da bude drugih problema.
razno.181maleksic,
-> #179, agobovic...zaboravio sam da ti spomenem - ako ti vec treba net-lista
obavezno uradi cleanup pre generisanja net-liste!
razno.182agobovic,
-> #180, maleksicHvala!
razno.183mirkov,
Da li 286 može da sofverski pretvara extended u expanded
memoriju ? Možete li mi preporučiti neki takav program ?
razno.184xenomorphe,
Postoji li nacin da se, pomocu programa ili bez, neki fajl podeli na dva ili
vise, tako da se od njih moze ponovo spojiyi pocetni falj, potpuno identican?
To me pitanje muci posto bih hteo da na svoj Hdisk prebacim neke fajlove duze
od 360K, a imam XT-floppy. Moze li se to, na primer uraditi u BASIC-u?
razno.185dejanr,
-> #183, mirkov>> Da li 286 može da sofverski pretvara extended u expanded
>> memoriju ? Možete li mi preporučiti neki takav program ?
Generalno, ne može a da to bude funkcionalno. Međutim, sve
novije AT ploče imaju mikroprekidače koji to omogućavaju a
onda treba učitati i drajver koji se opet dobija sa pločom
Ukratko, koju ploču imaš?
razno.186dejanr,
-> #184, xenomorphe>> Postoji li nacin da se, pomocu programa ili bez, neki fajl podeli na dva
>> ili vise
Ovako na brzaka, evo moj program CEPA.EXE. Nije neko čudo softverske
industrije ali će "iseći" fajl na komade odgovarajuće dužine. Posle
ih možeš nadovezati sa copy /b file.1+file.2+file.3 file.fff
cepa.exerazno.187feniks,
-> #184, xenomorphe
Problem kopiranja datoteka vecih od 360K na XT-diskete
mozes jednostavno resiti pomocu standardnih DOS komandi
BACKUP , RESTORE i ATTRIB. Jedino ogranicenje je da moraju biti
isti operativni sistemi na oba PC-a. Meni je ovo uspelo
cak i kad ovaj zadnji uslov nije ispunjen za DOS >= 3.30.
Primer: Kopiranje demo.zip sa HARD-a na floppy:
1) BACKUP C:\DEMO.ZIP A: /S (ubaci 1. , 2 , 3. ...disketu
zavisno od vecine datoteke)
... a sada prebacivanje datoteke na hard:
2) RESTORE A: C:\ /S (istim redom ubaciti 1.,2...itd disketu)
3) ATTRIB DEMO.ZIP +A (vracanje izgubljenog atributa)
Pozdrav , S.P.
razno.188dveselinovic,
-> #185, dejanr Nisi u pravu, Imenjače, može. Postoji poseban program za 286 koji
je verzija onoga za 386, zove se QRAM 286 (umesto QEMM), a košta $51.
Jedini problem sa njim je taj što zahteva NEAT kola na matičnoj
ploči, a za ostalo ne važi.
Radi sve što i QEMM 5.1.
32XDVV
razno.189dejanr,
-> #188, dveselinovic>> Nisi u pravu, Imenjače, može. ... Jedini problem sa njim je taj
>> što zahteva NEAT kola na matičnoj ploči, a za ostalo ne važi.
Pa, tako nešto sam i rekao - može (na ovaj ili onaj način) uz
Suntec ili Neat ili par drugih tipova ploče. NE MOŽE generalno
ako se zahteva da performanse budu koliko-toliko normalne.
razno.190mrki,
-> #184, xenomorphe│ Postoji li nacin da se, pomocu programa ili bez, neki fajl
│ podeli na dva ili vise, tako da se od njih moze ponovo spojiyi
│ pocetni falj, potpuno identican? To me pitanje muci posto bih
│ hteo da na svoj Hdisk prebacim neke fajlove duze od 360K, a
│ imam XT-floppy. Moze li se to, na primer uraditi u BASIC-u?
└────────────────
Pokušaj sa programom SLICE. Možeš ga downloadati sa JUBAS BBSa
(SLICE.ZIP). Ja ga već dugo koristim i zadovoljan sam.
razno.191zormi,
KUTSGLUE je rezidentni programcic koji iz bilo kog
editora (treba samo da radi u tekst modu) iskopira deo
teksta proizvoljnog oblika i zatim na zahtev taj sadrzaj
"izruci" u bilo kom drugom tekst editoru.
Uputstvo je potpuno, ali po meni jako necitko.
kutsglue.ziprazno.193dveselinovic,
Srećna Nova Godina i Srpaska Nova Godina svima; da vam se ostvari
sve što sebi želite.
32XDVV
razno.194oduzlevski,
-> #193, dveselinovicJes da nije bas vreme za ovakve odgovore,ali cini mi se da ono drugo nije
Srpska Nova Godina vec Pravoslavna...
Ako gresim,molim ispravku...
SRECNA NOVA GODINA...
razno.195dejanr,
-> #194, oduzlevski>> Jes da nije bas vreme za ovakve odgovore,ali cini mi se da ono drugo
>> nije Srpska Nova Godina vec Pravoslavna...
Možda je najpravilnije reći julijanska... ali svi znamo o čemu je reč.
razno.196dveselinovic,
-> #194, oduzlevski Pa dobro, hoćemo li sada da polemišemo o tome kakva je, ili ćemo
da je slavimo?
Nije ti bilo dosta teoretisanja za izbore?
32XDVV
razno.197oduzlevski,
-> #196, dveselinovicJa nisam ni teoretisao,jer teoretisanju masta nije ni bilo...Posle svega sto su
Crveni uradili da bi im vlast ostala u rukama znalo se sta ce se desiti na
izborima...I,drugo,necemo da polemisemo o 'tome kakva je' ali mi smeta sto je
prisvajaju samo kao Srpsku iako je slave i ostali narodi pravoslavne vere...
razno.198vcalic,
-> #197, oduzlevski>>ali mi smeta sto je prisvajaju samo kao Srpsku iako je slave i ostali narodi
>>pravoslavne vere...
Ne baš svi. Rumuni i Grci slave Božić i Novu Godinu po gregorijanskom
kalendaru iako su pravoslavne vere.
WR
razno.199vkostic,
Kakva se ovo diskusija razvila u mojoj uzvisenoj konferenciji ??!
:))
Salu na stranu, ako vam se bas diskutuje o Srpskoj novoj godini, bolje to
radite u FORUMu. PC.SOFT nije bas najsrecniji izbor za tu temu.
P.S.
Srecna nova godina svima !! Zovite je kako god hocete - Srpska,
Gregorijanska, Pravoslavna, itd, vazno je samo da vam bude srecna!
razno.200zormi,
Evo programcica koji pokusava da prepozna u kom je
formatu datoteka (prepoznaje Word Perfect, dBase, Paint
Brush... i jos 70-tak drugih).
razno.201vkostic,
-> #200, zormi
Hvala na prilogu. Programa je sada u IBMPC direktorijumu.
V.K. - Moderator.
razno.202vkostic,
TRAGEDIJA !!!!!! :((((((((
Danas je pao i poslednji misomrzac!
Kupio sam pacova.
razno.203gww.,
-> #202, vkosticto što si ga kupio ne znači da si počeo da ga voliš. To dodje kao nužno
zlo. Mišomrzac GWW.
razno.204vkostic,
-> #203, gww.
>> To što si ga kupio ne znači da si počeo da ga voliš.
Ne volim ga! Ne volim ga! Ne volim ga! Ne volim ga!
MRZIM PACOVE! ZIVELA KOMANDNA LINIJA!
razno.205asmajlovic,
-> #204, vkosticne samo da ces zavoliti MISICA, vec ces poceti ustajati u 6:00, ali
ne 18:00, vec 06:00. :)))))))))))))))))))) :)))))))))))))))))))
Pozdrav, rudar AS
razno.206miki,
Da li neko ima iskustva sa programom REDUCE ?
Imam problema sa definisanjem vektorskog proizvoda.
Unapred zahvalan Mirko B.
razno.207georges,
─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
█ █ █▀▀ █ █▀▀█ CE3AM 1991.
█▀▀█ █▀ █ █▄▄█ ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■■
█ █ █▄▄ █▄▄ █ GEORGES de YOUGOSLAVIE
═════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════════
CHERS AMIS!
Voleo bih da me obavestite koji je CHESS najbolji za IBM.PC,
gde se i za koje pare moze kupiti.
ZAHVALJUJEM.
============
MERCI do Boga
razno.208ppekovic,
-> #207, georges Najbolji chess program za PC-a (od onih koje sam ja video) je CHESS MASTER.
Pozovi Tanjug BBS i download-uj ga.
Paya